See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/300416381

Wireless body control module

Conference Paper · December 2015

DOI: 10.1109/ICIIP.2015.7414794

CITATIONS READS
4 1,721

3 authors:

Garv Modwel Nitin Rakesh

9 PUBLICATIONS   31 CITATIONS   
Sharda University
129 PUBLICATIONS   407 CITATIONS   
SEE PROFILE
SEE PROFILE

Krishn K Mishra
Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology
146 PUBLICATIONS   982 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

VANET Protocols, VANET communication, Smart Cities View project

Block Matching Algorithm based on hybridization of Artificial Bee Colony and Differential Evolution for motion estimation in video compression View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Nitin Rakesh on 08 September 2016.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Wireless Body Control Module

1
Garv Modwel, 2Nitin Rakesh 3
K. K. Mishra
1,2 3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering
1,2 3
ASET, Amity University Uttar Pradesh MNNIT,
Noida, India Allahabad, India
1
garv.modwel@gmail.com, 2nitin.rakesh@gmail.com 3
kkm@mnnit.ac.in

Abstract—This paper introduces detailed study of wireless Considering advancements in technology and need of
body control module and its feasibility. This study is about research it is always good to replace wire from some wireless
achieving wireless body control module using different media. Automotive industry is more focused about the
protocols with respect to wireless communication, there are security and safety along with comfort. So, it is always
number of protocols for wireless communication, as per this important to overcome with wired technology and opt for
study, it was analyzed that which one is the best considering wireless technology and make automotive product more
spectrum, interference, noise within and outside the advances.
automotive vehicle. Considering the other part of technology, now a days
every running or moving object is connected with cloud, and
I. INTRODUCTION data is getting updated real time for example mobile , tab,
laptop, aeronautics etc, any kind of data is available and
Body control module is important part of modern updated in real-time. You need not to carry your physical
automotive industry, considering the functionalities of device everywhere, wherever you want data is ready for you,
overall automotive vehicle it plays very important role. All same kind of evolution is needed in automotive industry, so
the main functions like truck, door, lights, climate control, that real-time data of Automotive products can be achieved
window and windshield are the major component of Body easily either from current or from remote location. Using this
control Module. technology main advantage would be diagnostics of
In a typical Body Control Module all the functionalities automotive products before having any kind of malfunction
are controlled by a microcontroller based typical system and data for the vehicles can be used in service industry
called Body control Module Electronic Control Unit (ECU). effectively.
ECU in general works as a gateway for the entire component In general it is difficult for a transport company to know
hence it is called as BCM Gateway as well. Communication about its vehicle diagnostics like mileage, fuel meter etc., but
between BCM ECU and components for the BCM if real-time information can be collected a transmitted and
Components like door control, climate control, windows, uploaded to cloud it can make life of transporter very easy.
windshield etc. executed using standard automotive protocol So this idea is very useful for automotive service industry
CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect and changing the functionalities of automotive Industry with
Network) and those protocol work intern in pattern of Master big margin of change.
and Slave, using different combination and input Consider the scenario where a tourist company can come
communication takes place for ECU. to know about the breakdown reason for their vehicle, they
can track how well their drivers are driving their vehicle,
what is the way drivers are following, when refueling is
needed, how long time will it take for them to reach such
destination, such kind of information can give big comfort to
automotive service Industry.
Now consider from end usage point of view , how such
things will be helpful for an private vehicle owner, who is
having own car, it can help in multiple way, if it is connected
with cloud, it will let you know about traffic on the way, it
will help you to decide when to take your car for service, it
will help you to measure correctly mileage of your car, it will
put information of your car on secured way on cloud, using
Figure 1. Schematic for wireless Body control Module that you can sale your car on good price and buyer can buy a
good and genuine car. On top of all of that car will be more
All the components in automotive vehicle are connected secure and safe in the terms of passenger’s safety.
through wire of single wire or multiple wire depending upon
the need of the usage CAN and LIN communication.
 This research papers is about creating wireless Body The operation principle of the present invention: radio
control Module using any wireless media like Wi-Fi, signal between the body controller transmission,
Bluetooth or Low RF. All the wireless media have its own each module is a multi-channel two-
advantages and disadvantages in the term of cost and way wireless communication and assigned an address, before
technology. Wi-Fi for ZigBee provides as communication sending each signal, receiving the first signal at the
without wires for connectivity and the device is there in environment, such as channel occupied, then change the
802.11.Modules under this are interoperable. That means it channel launch, to ensure the normal communication signals;
can work with similar devices of other networks. So running then confirm the basic module position by the field strength
these devices with other network devices is just matter of
and fuzzy algorithms. As examples need to determine
time.
whether the remote control key in the car, can be set to a low
ZigBee Protocol is compatible with many devices that
are compatible with standard 802.11 BGN. This also frequency circuit drive current maximum, four vice-low-
includes kind of device connectPro and some other kind like frequency magnetic field signal transmit antenna in turn,
Digi Connect Wi-SP.It can also support devices or product based on the feedback of the magnetic field strength
that is similar to ConnectCore series and Digi Connect series. remote controlkeys, you can determine the position of the
From communication point of view The ZigBee Wi-Fi RF remote control key.
modules, it works proper with UART (Universal
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) and SPI (Serial II. RELATED WORK
Peripheral Interface) with serial connection and in slave
A. Communication Protocols for wireless Body Control
mode.It can have around 20 Surface Mount version and
around 14 Through hole version. Availability of version ECU
depends on the configuration of modules as few of GPIOs
might have consumed by serial communication and others.
A wireless body control module, including setting up
the body control module, the control module I includes a
microcontroller and low frequency driver circuit and RF
receiver circuit is connected to the microcontroller is
provided with a number of the low-frequency driver circuit
current signal into a magnetic field of low frequency antenna
signals, the control module output current I through an
adjustable drive emit low frequency antenna field strength
varies with the drive current low frequency magnetic fields,
the high frequency signal received by the RF receiver circuit,
by the low frequency driving circuit and RF two-way multi-
channel circuit receives the wireless signal path to Figure 2. Wireless technologies for Body control.
achieve control module I set up on the vehicle body to the
front wiper module, rear wiper module, left lamp module, There can be number of approaches for wireless Body
module related to front right lamp , module related to rear Control Module. Primarily Body Control can use Zig-Bee,
left lamp , module related to right rear lamp , left front Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. All of them has its own advantages
door module, right front door module, left rear door module, and disadvantages. Wi-Fi is having very high data rate of 1-
positioning and control of the right rear door modules and 100MBPs and connectivity distance till 300 meters.
instrument module, and a control module for car body realize Bluetooth has medium data rate that start from 1 MBPs and
each module positioned by the field strength and goes up to 3 MBPs and it can cover distance up to 100
fuzzy control wireless signal. meters, and ZigBee has data rate up to 1 MBPs and it can
A car key means for identifying the position, the car is cover distance up 100 meters.
provided with a receiving means for receiving comprises a Considering all the fact of interference Wi-Fi is not
low-frequency signal and a low-frequency magnetic field useful for wireless body control, since availability of Wi-Fi
vector of the high-frequency signal transmitting apparatus is everywhere and it may cause big impact in the terms of
for transmitting a radio frequency smart key 2 It transmit
noise and interference moreover considering the cost factor
signal control module via low-frequency antenna; frequency
it cannot be an efficient prototype for wireless Body control.
drive circuit and the RF receiver circuit low-frequency
receiver and a radio transmission device and a On the another hand Bluetooth can be very important
control module on the I-way multi-channel configuration of protocol for wireless Body control considering the data rate
the radio signal path to achieve control module I recognize and cover distance but it has its own limitation in the terms
the smart key 2 frequency of 125 GHz; smart key RF signal of signal handling, as it cannot handle multiple signals at
frequency emitted transmission device 2 433.92 GHz. ease one point of time. So considering Bluetooth is also not
of use. feasible as such for wireless BCM.
For ZigBee, features like supported data rate and
distance covered it looks like most useful protocol for
Wireless Body Control Module, moreover as per the cost
also it falls within the range.

B. Communication Protocols for wireless Body Control

ECU- Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is very important protocol considering any kind of
Figure 3. Piconet topologies-Bluetooth master/slave
wireless communication, In general transmission from Wi-
Fi station happens only in case of clear channel. III. PROPOSED WORK
Transmissions what are happenings get acknowledgements,
in case there is any collision, there is retry mechanism that
comes into picture for random intervals and it keeps trying. Automotive industry is one of fastest growing industry
Wi-Fi systems configuration is half duplex kind of and it has a prime focus on safety and security in order to
shared media configurations; in this every station transmit keep passengers safe and free from worry. Emerging trend
and receive with one radio channel. Main problem in this of industry always push for hassle-free and safe drive, major
environment of radio system is that it is difficult for station part of market is cost centric where customers want more
to hear during send operation, such situation makes it and more features with effective cost.
difficult to detect collision. In order to avoid that there was a Security and safety is always a concern for automotive
development of Distributed Control Function (DCF). industry, so the place where wire is used is always a
Considering wireless BCM this collision may cause sensitive place irrespective of type of wire, a little spark can
negative impact because even a single packet miss may damage big project and as well any plant and similar kind of
cause big damage in BCM functionality and may directly hit things may take place in an automotive vehicle, either it is
the security of vehicle. Moreover considering existence of an small private vehicle or big commercial vehicle. Recent
massive wireless networks interference is natural in the days we have seen many car accidents that happened
terms of collision frequency. because cars catch fire due to some reason like mild spark or
wire caught fire or may be other things, so if wire is there
then chances of wires catching fires cannot be denied.
C. Communication Protocols for wireless Body Control Proposal is about effective wireless communication and
ECU- BlueTooth reduce the dependency as much as can possible without
Considering Bluetooth, it is a standard protocol that affecting the much basic automotive functionalities.
sends and receives data with a frequency channel 2.4 GHz In order achieve this kind of technology, there is a need
wireless, it is a very much secure communication and very of analysis of various kind of wireless technology that can
good for any kind of short range and low powered be used specific to automotive industry. Many wireless
communication with very effective cost. media are available now a day and Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and
With Era of embedded electronics Bluetooth is one of ZigBee are few of them and can be considered in
the best protocol for sort ranged wireless communication automotive industry as well. ZigBee wireless sensors are
that should be within 100 meters, and it is restricted with considered as good for sort range, and high performance
limited amount of data. It can be considered as wireless communication with low power need, so this is basic
solution of serial communication. In running embedded advantage for automotive domain [1].
industry it is very well used in transferring files, playing IEEE 802.15.4 [2] standard are the standards for
music and creating the bridge between two media resources. ZigBee and they are based on the WPAN ( Wireless
Bluetooth networks (commonly referred to as piconets) use Personal Area Networks) . One of the main questions to
a master/slave model to control when and where devices can answer before adoption of wireless technologies in a car is
send data. In this model, a single master device can be whether the performance delivered by these technologies is
connected to up to seven different slave devices. Any slave high enough, particularly for critical monitoring and control
device in the piconet can only be connected to a single applications. In general car body is metallic so it produce
master. reflection of signals and moreover it is difficult to have non
So in Piconet any slave device can only be connected to a line of sight communication considering the structure of car
single master is limitation for automotive domain since for body [3].
wireless BCM we need simulate CAN protocol indirectly Operational frequency of Bluetooth is 2.4 GHz and it lies
and it is not at all possible using Bluetooth, moreover there in unlicensed frequency ISM frequency band, it is the same
is possibly of RF interference on Bluetooth. band where other Radio Frequency protocol like ZigBee and
Wi-Fi also operates[4][5]. As per the standard specification
these protocols differentiate with each other. The beneficial
effects of the present invention: the module basic orientation
by the magnetic field and the installation location, by
address and targeting to double this module determines that TABLE I- SPECIFICATION COMPARISON ZIGBEE VS BLUETOOTH DEVICES
the vehicle module, multi-channel two-way radio
communication signal as a carrier signal, in case of strong ZigBee Bluetooth
interfere with the function of each module will enter standby CC2520
mode to reduce the car's wiring wire, easy installation and Type of Device CN512 Bluetooth
ZigBee
improve reliability. Frequency 2.4GHz 2.4GHz

IV. ANALYSIS Occupied BW 2 MHz 1 MHz

Data Rate 250KBPS 1,2,3 MBPS
If we consider wireless prospective, a car is very complex Output
Max 5Dbm 4 Dbm
Power(Nominal)
system, car’s material and presence of radio frequency
make it more complex but considering ZigBee alone, it is Type of Modulation OQPSK ,DSSS DPSK ,GFSK
one of the best protocol to communicate within the object Sensitivity of Receiver 98DBM(-) 80DBM(-)
like Car, only problem that could be considered as major
block for wireless is Bluetooth within the car. That is If we compare the parameters of ZigBee and Bluetooth, so
somewhat problematic and can be considered as external considering the above parameters there is big problem of
factor with in the car network. interference and there may be additional contribution from
Considering the practical scenario for the ZigBee in the passengers in cars and that may cause additional path
cars if car is located in parking, and there is no driver along loss.
with Car’s engine is in off situation, so in that case it will Considering the structure of vehicle there is two
work perfectly as there is no passenger and no interference. type of environments are there, one is internal to car another
As soon as car is occupied with some passengers there are is external to car, internal to car there are lot of elements like
certain chances of interference. About ZigBee technical infotainment system and other electronic gadget and that
specification, it has 16 channels that can be selected and it may introduce some kind of noise, considering external part
varies between 2405- 2480 MHz frequency and along with of car there may be lot of factor that may cause kind of
frequency spacing of around 5 MHz difference between the interference and noise, for body control both are important
center frequency, and in general it has bandwidth is 2 MHz. and significant.
For ZigBee related demodulation and modulation Indoor scenario operates on frequency nearby 2.4
DSSS(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) along with offset GHz (e.g. [3][9]).
QPSK (Quadrature Phase shift keying) is used. This
generates processing gain and coding to ZigBee system.
If we compare ZigBee with existing Bluetooth has
BW of 1 MHz and it is following a frequency hopping
scheme with a 1600 Hops/sec hoping rate at max , and it is
also using TDDS (Time Division Duplex Scheme), using
that channels are divided in 625 microseconds and for that
master and slaves transmits one by one. In general signals
related to the Bluetooth are modulated with a special phase Figure 4. Interference in ZigBee Model.
shift keying called as Gaussian frequency shift keying and
along with differential phase shift keying. Figure 4 shows the interference and communication
Let’s consider a practical scenario of interference of when both the models ZigBee and Bluetooth exists together.
Bluetooth while using ZigBee. So practically all the ZigBee In general Bluetooth is used for media play and file transfer
links will be connected as transmitter inside and outside the for any automotive system and it used FTP protocol for file
car depending on the vehicle function that car is supporting transferring. In inter Bluetooth communication Master sends
and receiver is placed on the Dashboard, so this situation the data in packet and slave receives it and sends
acknowledge it, on the other hand ZigBee work on separate
reflects a practical situation for evaluating a communication
model , it does not have trans-receiver kind of mechanism, it
application. So as per the need wireless sensors at different
is transmitter and receiver mechanism. Figure 4 shows the
location transmits sensed data to central node. Ideally interference from Bluetooth for ZigBee, there is
Bluetooth links in cars used for data transfer application and communication in Bluetooth device and same causes
voice data application. In general file transfer takes place interference on ZigBee receiver. There are certain problems
using enhanced FTP between two Bluetooth. as mentioned below.
So for communication in Bluetooth setup Bluetooth
master sends file or data to Bluetooth slave and slave sends
respective acknowledgements, this indirectly create a
significant interference for the ZigBee.
 A. Path loss(Large Scale) and we need to find out some feasible solution for
automotive world. This study is about the few possible
Now if we calculate difference between the power that is wireless communication media using that concept of
transmitted and received, that difference is called as path wireless car can be achieved, this study is specific to
loss. So this happens basically because of any kind of signal wireless body control module that deals with Power
attenuation. In general this path loss is around 1%. Since Window, Climate Control, Engine on-off, wiper etc, kind of
path loss is very less and functionalities wise there is no vehicle function in an automotive product.
major impact on wireless body control module, then ZigBee There are plenty of wireless protocols available
again satisfy this criteria. In case path loss is more, in that now a days, so we need consider the basic need of an
case we need to analyze path loss data and that may be big automotive product like, limited range of communication,
roadblock for using ZigBee, since it is very much there in effectiveness for the vehicle, cost effective and moreover its
control so it satisfy the criteria. action to handle the interference and noise. In current
analysis we tried to compare and study protocol like Wi-Fi,
B. Fading Bluetooth and ZigBee in order to find the best and ZigBee
If there is variation in path effect that particular has advantage over all of them. Wireless BCM can be
phenomenon is called as fading. It may happen because of designed using ZigBee without having any problem if we
multiple signal. In current automotive wired architecture don’t have Bluetooth in car. For the communication with
communication takes place using CAN and LIN protocols Bluetooth there are certain adjustment need to be done like
where we have handling of multiple signals and that is PER value adjustment, transmit power adjustments etc.There
handled based on certain login, so wired communication is big impact of location of Bluetooth on ZigBee
signal control is done via CAN but in case of wireless it will communication, and for ZigBee placement of router may
be difficult to control.Since it is difficult to control but it is help to overcome the interference from Bluetooth
always important to make sure that functionality is not
getting affected. In general there is fading time of 50 ns and REFERENCES
it is not too high, that means we can easily survive with that [1] M. Petrova, J. Riihijarvi, P. Mahonen, and S. Labella, “Performance
without affecting any kind of functionalities, moreover for study of IEEE 802.15.4 using measurements and simulations,” in
ZigBee system duration is 500 ns and that is really very high Proc.IEEE Wireless Commun. and Networking Conf. (WCNC’06), Las
Vegas, USA, Apr. 2006, pp. 487–492.
with respect to fading time, that means fading will also not [2] IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006, “Wireless medium access control (MAC) and
affect much in case we are choosing ZigBee for wireless physical layer (PHY) specifications for low-rate wireless personal area
Body Control Module. networks (WPANs),” in
So considering all the parameter like fading, signal loss, http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2006.pdf.
[3] S.-C. Kim, H. Bertoni, and M. Stern, “Pulse propagation characteristics
path loss, ZigBee satisfy all the criterial for wireless body
at 2.4 GHz inside buildings,” Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions
control and it prevents from any kind of data loss or on, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 579–592, Aug 1996.
breaking communication. In other protocols like Wi-Fi and [4] IEEE Std. 802.11-2007, “Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC)
Bluetooth that is not the case, chances of breaking and physical layer (PHY) specifications,” in
http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11-2007.pdf.
functionalities are very high.
[5] IEEE Std. 802.15.1-2005, “Wireless medium access control (MAC) and
physical layer (PHY) specifications for wireless personal area networks
(WPANs),” in http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.1-
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2005.pdf.
There is big demand of cars and automotive industry is [6] H.-M. Tsai, C. Saraydar, T. Talty, M. Ames, A. Macdonald, and O.
Tonguz, “Zigbee-based intra-car wireless sensor network,” in Proc.IEEE
grooming like anything, so it is important to make Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC’07), June 2007, pp. 3965–3971.
automotive products safe and comfortable with effective [7]“CC2520 data sheet,” in http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2520.pdf.
usage of advance technology. [8] Bluetooth SIG, “Bluetooth specification version 2.0 + EDR,” in
http://www.bluetooth.com.
Industry is running on few hard core things from
[9] E. Walker, H.-J. Zepernick, and T. Wysocki, “Fading measurements at
long-long time and now there is a time to change that in 2.4 GHz for the indoor radio propagation channel,” in Proc. Int. Zurich
order to make vehicle more safe and comfortable. One way Sem. Broadband Commun., Zurich, Switzerland, Feb. 1998, pp. 171–176.
wired architecture makes automotive design complex and [10] T. S. Rappaport, Wireless communications: principle & practice.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996. 2704
tough and another way it always a hurdle in car security that
means we cannot stay with wired communication for long

View publication stats