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1. What is the difference between “earthquake proof” and “earthquake resilient”?
Earthquakes are the most dangerous natural disaster, capable of causing catastrophe in all aspects of
structures. It creates horizontal pressure on building which causes them to collapse. By means of, Civil
Engineers studies the concepts of earthquakes, which broaden their knowledge on how to implement
solutions to avoid earthquake destructions and on how to make the buildings or structures much stronger
for the impacts of earthquakes. With regards to this matter, the earthquake proof and earthquake resilient
is the most crucial aspect in their fields. The difference between these two is how they were use and
implement in case there is an earthquake. An earthquake proof refers to the design that was build to
withstand earthquake or it is what being input to the building or any structure to resist the effect of the
earthquake. It aims to erect buildings that have better resistance to seismic forces during seismic activity.
While an earthquake resilient is a low damage design that enables buildings to resist to severe seismic
events without inflicting irreparable damage to primary structural parts. Furthermore, it reduces the amount
of seismic damage to buildings so that they can be quickly put back to use after a significant earthquake.
2. Connection to the First question, do we say “earthquake-proof buildings” or “earthquake-resilient buildings”,

explain your answer.
It is earthquake-resilient building as buildings are not earthquake proof, during large earthquakes, they will
sustain damage. It is much better if our building is earthquake-resilient as we can make sure that our
building can withstand earthquakes. Earthquake-resilient building design allows a larger level of seismic
damage than foundation isolation at a lower application cost. To sum up, an earthquake-resilient building
should be 'occupiable' immediately after experiencing large shaking (design level), and may be 'occupiable'
in a short period of time after experiencing very large shaking.
3. As a future Civil Engineer, how can you make sure your building can deal minimum damage to earthquakes?
As a future engineer, the best thing I can do to ensure that my building is earthquake-resistant is to refer
to and follow the Natural Structural Code of the Philippines. It is critical, in my opinion, to become more
knowledgeable about the NSCP's rules since most of the constructed buildings or houses were
nonengineered or were not assisted by a professional Civil engineer, which is why most of them collapse
easily during a massive earthquake. Furthermore, a strong foundation is required when constructing a
building/structure, as a strong foundation can withstand earthquakes. It is also necessary to have a
complete column that can support the structure and a wide beam that can carry heavy loads. Moreover,
as a future Civil Engineer, I will also consider the type of land were the building must construct, lands are
one of the factors to checked first in constructing a building to ensure the structures stabilization. Lastly, it
is also crucial to use reinforce concrete and strong materials in constructing a building or structures as low
budget/local materials might lead to structural collapse or damage.
April Joy N. Galvero. Geology for Civil Engineers

BSCE 2A-CEM Date: March 06, 2023
Answer the following questions:
1. Explain the Manila Bay Rehabilitation that occurred in 2020. Do you agree/disagree to the project, explain?
The Manila Bay Rehabilitation that occurred in year 2020 was all about the overlaying of the dolomite in
Manila Bay beach or the beach nourishment project. This project purpose is to improve the water quality of
Manila Bay and to reduce the waste in manila Bay. It contains three phases which are, Clean up/water quality
movement, Rehabilitation and resettlement and Education and sustainment. Based on my research, I agree with
some part of the Manila Bay Rehabilitation that had happened in year 2020. The rate of the waste at Manila Bay
was continuously increasing which greatly damage our environment but with the cleaning and rehabilitation in
water improvement at manila bay, lessen the damage of the place. But, I wasn’t agreed with the dolomite sand
that they included for the rehabilitation. A lot of expertise doesn’t agree also with the white sand rehabilitation
at the Bay as it is a waste of fund. For instance, there are a lot of project that can implement for the rehabilitation
of the Bay but they just wasted the money for the white sand just for beautification. Nevertheless, kilometers
away in Navotas City, a section of Manila Bay is imperiled by waste strewn about, literally "choking" an area vital
to marine lif that they must put concern with it. It’s enough already that they cleaned the Entire Manila Bay and
Implement water quality improvement which makes it clean for the habitat that is still living there than adding
some beautification, it’s much better if they just implement the original sand at the Bay.
2. What is the difference between Stalagmites and Stalactites?

When in talks of mineral formations in caves, here comes the stalactites and stalagmites which are formed
from every drop of waters from the ceiling of the cave. A stalactite is a cave formation in the form of an icicle that
hangs from the cave ceiling and is created by the precipitation of minerals from water that drips through the cave
ceiling. While Stalagmite is a type of rock formation that roses from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of
material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings.
3. “What may be possible effects of weathering processes typical of the area on the construction materials”
Explain this in your own words.
Weathering is one of the important aspects in the fields of Civil Engineering especially in learning Construction
Materials. Weathering is the processes of breaking rocks into smaller particles, which is so important to learn
to know which materials are strong enough to use in constructing a building. There are various possible
effects of weathering processes that are typically in the are on construction materials. First one is stringer
damage on the building or structures, weathering can really cause catastrophic in any aspects of structural
matters. It can lead to various destructions like breaking of walls, columns and beams of a building.
Weathering processes can also lead in changes of size and textures of a materials. Moreover, in constructing a
building, we need a strong construction material and due to weathering processes, it might affect the
strength of the structure.

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1. What is the difference between “earthquake proof” and “earthquake resilient”?

2. Connection to the First question, do we say “earthquake-proof buildings” or “earthquake-resilient buildings”,

April Joy N. Galvero. Geology for Civil Engineers

2. What is the difference between Stalagmites and Stalactites?

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