IRRIGATION AND

DRAINAGE
1. The recent monsoon rains have posted a nearly uniform
rainfall intensity of 30 mm/hr over a 1,500-hectare
watershed area in Central Luzon. If the runoff coefficient is
0.15, what is the runoff in m3/sec?
a. 18.75 b. 187.5
c. 1.87 d. 1.875

Q = ciA = (0.15)(30 mm/hr)(1m/1000 mm)

x (1,500 has)(10,000 m/ha) x (hr/3600 sec)
= 18.75 m3/sec
2.Difference in moisture content of soil
between field capacity and permanent
wilting point.
a. Available moisture
b. Reality available moisture
c. Irrigation water requirement
d. Saturation capacity
3.The sum total of water lost in a given area
thru transpiration from plants, evaporation
from soil and water surface and for
building tissues of plants.
a. Consumptive use
b. Deep percolation
c. Runoff
d. Seepage
4. An artesian well has a diameter of 10 cm. Under steady
state condition, what is the expected discharge (lps) if the
drawdown is 2.5 m and the radius of influence is 120 m?
The aquifer’s hydraulic conductivity and thickness are 75
m/day and 4 m, respectively.
2πkt(he – hw)
Q=
ln(re – rw)

2π(75 m)(4 m)(2.5 m) x 1000 li x day

day 86,400 sec
ln(120/.05)

= 7.01 lps
5.Water held by forces of surface tension
and continuous film around soil particles is
termed as
a. Hygroscopic water
b. Gravitational water
c. Capillary water
d. Sea water
6.Small water impounding management
(SWIM) projects, in general, are those
small scale water impounding dams
which have structural heights of not
more than.
a. 45 m
b. 50 m
c. 30 m
d. 100 m
7. An irrigation engineer, in his study, was able to establish that
the irrigation requirement of crop XYZ is 6.5 mm/day. If the
rootzone depth was estimated at 2 in. on the average, what
should be the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver
the 5-day requirement of a 10-ha farm in 24 hours?
Qt = Ad: A = 10 ha, d = (6.5 mm/day) x (5 days) = 32.5 mm
Q = Ad/t: t = 24 hours

10 ha x 10,000 m2 x .0325 m x 1000 li

ha m3
Q= x hr
24 hrs 3600 sec

= 37.62 lps
An irrigation engineer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of
100m x 100m area. It was found out that the inflow rate is 0.5
lps per 100 m. If he decides to have a furrow spacing of 50 cm
and an application depth of 100 mm, determine:
8. The time of irrigating each furrow.
a. 2.78 hrs b. 555.55 hrs
c. 27.8 hrs d. 2,000,000 sec
Total time to irrigate the whole field, T = Ad/Q
A = 100m x 100m = 10,000 m2 ; d = 100 mm = .1 m
Q = (0.5 lps/100m) x 100 m = 0.5 lps

10,000 m2 x 0.1 m x 1000 li

m 3
T= = 555.56 hrs
0.5 li x 3600 sec
sec hr
An irrigation engineer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of
100m x 100m area. It was found out that the inflow rate is 0.6
lps per 100 m. If he decides to have a furrow spacing of 50 cm
and an application depth of 100 mm, determine:
8. The time of irrigating each furrow.
a. 2.78 hrs b. 555.55 hrs
c. 27.8 hrs d. 2,000,000 sec
Total no. of furrows = 100/0.5 = 200 furrows
Time to irrigate each furrow, t = 555.56/200 = 2.78 hours
An irrigation engineer is to irrigate a crop
planted in furrows of 100m x 100m area. It
was found out that the inflow rate is 0.6
lps per 100 m. If he decides to have a
furrow spacing of 50 cm and an
application depth of 100 mm, determine:
9. With the above condition, the number of
furrows that can be irrigated at the same
time if the available water supply is 7.5 lps
is a. 37.5 b. 3.75 c. 15 d. 0.07
10.It is the soil moisture allowable depletion
of most crops.
a. 50%
b. 20%
c. 80%
d. 100%
Given the following data:
Evapotranspiration = 5 mm/day, Percolation = 2
mm/day, Rainfall for November = 200 mm,
Effective rainfall for Nov. = 50%, Soil Porosity =
60%, Apparent Specific Gravity =1.4, Residual
Soil Moisture = 15%, Rootzone depth = 200mm,
Application efficiency = 75%, Conveyance
efficiency = 80%, Ave. fraction of area covered
= 0.5, Dependable flow = 4.5 m/sec, Duration of
land soaking = 5 days.
11.What is the net land soaking
requirement?
a. 78 mm/day b. 15.6 mm/day
c. 7.8 mm/day d. 0.65 mm/day

12.What is gross land soaking requirement?

a. 17.6 mm/day b. 20.6 mm/day
c. 22.6 mm/day d. NOTA
13.What is the field irrigation requirement
during land soaking?
a. 2.23 lps/ha b. 19.27 lps/ha
c. 166.49 lps/ha d. 22.3 lps/ha

14.What is the farm water requirement?

a. 1.784 lps/ha b. 1.67 lps/ha
c. 2.79 lps/ha d. 2.97 lps/ha
15.What is the diversion requirement?
a. 3.71 lps/ha b. 2.38 lps/ha
c. 1.86 lps/ha d. 7.42 lps/ha
The average soil moisture content of corn field is 20% by weight
prior to irrigation. Field capacity is 28% by weight.
16.Determine the net application depth if the apparent specific
gravity is 1.40 and the rooting depth is 0.8 m. Management
allowable depletion is 50%.
a. 44.8 cm b. 4.48 cm
c. 448 cm d. 4.48 mm

(MAD/100)(FC-CSM)
dnet = x AsD
100
(0.5)(28-20)(1.4)(0.8m)(1000 mm/m)
100
= 44.8 mm or 4.48 cm
17.If the application efficiency in Prob. 16 is 60%, what should be
the gross application depth?
a. 7.47 cm b. 74.7 cm
c. 747 cm d. 7.47 mm

dgross = dnet/Ea = (4.48 cm)/0.6 = 7.47 cm

18.Calculate the minimum time of application in Prob. 16 if the

furrow intake rate is 8 mm/hr.
a. 10 hrs b. 93.4 hrs
c. 9.34 hrs d. 560.4 min

t = dgross/I = (74.7 mm)/(8 mm/hr) = 9.34 hrs

19.What should be the stream size if the area to be irrigated in
Prob. 16 is 3 ha?
a. 6.66 lps b. 666.5 lps
c. 66.65 lps d. 6.65 lps

t = 9.34 hrs; A = 3 has; d = 7.47 cm = .0747 m

Q = Ad/t

3 has x 10,000 m2 x .0747 m x 1000 li

ha m 3
Q=
9.34 hrs x (3600 sec x hr)

= 66.65 lps
20.When was the last irrigation applied if the consumptive use of
the corn crop in Prob. 16 has been 5 mm/day?
a. 14.94 days b. 1.5 days
c. 8.96 days d. 89 days

Last day of irrigation = dnet /CU

= 44.8 mm/(5 mm/day)
= 8.96 days
A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m
from the well to a tomato farm. Drop in elevation is 0.5 m over
the 250 m canal length and roughness coefficient, n, is 0.018.
21.Estimate the bottom width of a rectangular canal with a depth
of flowing water of 0.25 m if the hydraulic radius is equal to the
area of flow.
a. b = 0.5 m b. b = 50 m
c. b = 0.25 m d. b = 25 m
A = R; P = A/R = A/A = 1
d

b
P = b + 2d
1 = b + 2(0.25)
B = 1 – 2(0.25) = 0.5 m
22.The velocity of water in the canal in Problem 21 is
a. 0.62 m/sec b. 6.2 m/sec
c. 62 m/sec d. 0.062 m/sec
n = 0.018; s = (0.5/250); b = 0.5 m; d = 0.25 m
A = bd = (0.5)(0.25) = 0.125 m2
R = A = 0.125 m
v = (1/n)R2/3S1/2 = (1/.018)(0.125)2/3(0.5/250)1/2 = 0.62 m/sec
The volume of the soil sample during sampling was 85 cc and
weight after drying in the area was 130g.
24. The volume weight of the soil is
a. 1.5 g/cc b. 1.75 g/cc
c. 1/25 g/cc d. nota

ρb = OD/Vbulk = 130/85 = 1.53 g/cc

25.The percentage of moisture by weight in Problem 24 if the
weight of the sample before drying was 145 g.
a. 12.5% b. 10.5%
c. 9.5% d. 11.5% e. Nota
(FW-OD) (145-130)
Pw = x 100 = x 100 = 11.54%
(OD) (130)
26.The amount of water in the soil layer of thickness 10 cm in
Problem 24 is
a. 1.5 cm b. 1.8 cm
c. 2.2 cm d. 0.6 cm e. nota

As = ρb/ρw = 1.53/1 = 1.53

d = (Pw/100)AsD = (.1154)(1.53)(10 cm) = 1.76 cm
27.If the suction lift is 6 m, the suited type
of pump is
a. Axial flow b. Centrifugal
c. Submersible d. Mixed flow

28.The moisture content of the soil when

the tension is 1.5 atmosphere.
a. Wilting point b. Wilting coefficient
c. Field capacity d. Saturation point
29.The discharge of first emitter in a dropper line is 12 lph. What is
the allowable minimum discharge in the last emitter?
a. 9.6 lph b. 10.8 lph
c. 10.6 lph d. 9.8 lph e. 10.4 lph

q = 12 – 0.2(12) = 9.6 lph

30.What is the depth of flowing water in a trapezoidal canal with a
side slope of 1:1 and base of 1.0 m if the stream velocity is 1
mps and the average discharge is 6 cms.
a. 1.0 m b. 2.0 m
c. 3.0 m d. 4.0 m e. nota

1
1
1
A = Q/v = 6/1 = 6 m2 = bd + zd2 = d(1 + d)
d2 + d – 6 = 0; (d + 3)(d -2) = 0; d = 2 m
32.The soil has a field capacity and permanent wilting point of
27% and 13%, respectively. What is the readily available
moisture in cm of water per cm of soil if the bulk density is 1.25
g/cc?
a. 10.25 cm/m b. 17.5 cm/m
c. 13.12 cm/m d. 14.0 cm/m e. 10.25 cm/m

As = ρb /ρw = 1.25/1 = 1.25; D = unit depth of 1 m

RAM = (0.75)(AM)AsD = (0.75)(FC - WP)AsD
= (0.75)(27 – 13)(1.25)(1) = .1312 m/m = 13.12 cm/m
34.What discharge can be expected from an unconfined well 200
mm in diameter if the drawdown is 5 m in an aquifer saturated
to a depth of 18 m? Assume the permeability and the radius of
influence to be 20 m/day and 150 m, respectively.
a. 14.3 lps b. 13.8 lps
c. 15.4 lps d. 12.6 lps e. nota
dw = 200 mm; r = d /2 = 200/2 = 100 mm;
drawdown = 5 m; he = 18 m re = 150 m; k = 20 m/day
Drawdown = he – hw : hw = he – drawdown = 18 – 5 = 13 m
πk(he2 – hw2) π(20 m/day)(182 – 132)m2
Q= = 1,331.73 m3/day
ln(re/rw) ln(150/.1)

= 1,331.73 m3 x 1000 li x day

= 15.41 lps
day m 86,400 sec
3
36.What is the term for capillary water in the
smaller pore space of the soil?
a. Interception b. Depression storage
c. Basin recharge d. Soil moisture
37.What is the term for water that
penetrates into the soil and flows laterally
in the surface soil to a stream channel?
a. Runoff b. interflow
c. Percolation d. All of the above
38.What is the term for the rate of surface
runoff and the rate of rainfall to reach an
equilibrium?
a. runoff coefficient b. infiltration rate c.
overflow d. time of concentration
39.What is the line defined by the water
level in a group of artesian wells?
a. water table b. piezometric surface
c. specific yield d. nota
40.What is the maximum water quantity that
can be guaranteed during critical period?
a. specific yield b. reservoir yield
c. safe yield d. secondary yield
41. Which dam can only be used in narrow
canyons?
a. Gravity b. Arch
c. Buttress d. earth
48.Which is the best method of irrigation for
irregular topography?
a. flooding b. furrow
c. sprinkling d. sub-irrigation
49.Which is the best method of irrigation for
row crops?
a. flooding b. furrow
c. sprinkling d. sub-irrigation
50.Which irrigation method has the best
control of water supplied?
a. flooding b. furrow
c. sprinkling d. sub-irrigation
51.The locus of the elevation to which water
will rise in a piezometric tube.
a. hydraulic gradient b. energy gradient
c. Friction gradient d. velocity gradient
52.The sheet of water which is flowing over
the crest of a dam or weir.
a. overtop b. nappe
c. overflow d. apex
53.The hydraulic radius of a pipe with a
diameter of 12 mm.
a. 8 mm b. 12 mm
c. 6 mm d. 4 mm
53.The hydraulic radius of a pipe with a
diameter of 12 mm.
a. 3 mm b. 12 mm
c. 6 mm d. 4 mm
R = d/4 = 12/4 = 3 mm
54.The flow that occurs when the velocity is
larger than the critical velocity and the
depth is smaller than the critical depth.
a. sub-critical b. normal
c. abnormal d. super critical
55.The critical slope is the slope that will
maintain a uniform and critical flow in a
canal with constant discharge. When the
discharge of the canal is 11 cms, width of
6 m, side slope, z = 2 and n = 0.025, the
critical slope is
a. 0.0078 b. 0.0025
c. 0.0017 d. 0.0011
56.The critical depth is a depth flow of a
canal at a uniform and critical flow at
constant discharge. When the normal
depth (equal to the critical depth) in a
canal is 1 m and the bottom width is 6 m,
side slope, z = 2 and n = 0.025, the critical
slope is
a. 0.005 b. 0.007
c. 0.006 d. 0.008
57.One pipe can fill a tank in 45 min. and
another pipe can fill it in 30 min. If these
two pipes are open and a third pipe is
drawing water from the tank, it takes 27
min. to fill the tank. How long will it take
the third pipe alone to empty a full tank?
a. 48 min b. 54 min
c. 110.5 min d. 102 min
62 – 65 A developer decided to establish a golf driving range
having a 122m x 183m area. If they decide to start irrigating the
area using sprinklers under the following conditions:
Length of lateral = 122 m
Spacing = 18.3 m
Sprinkler spacing = 12.2 m
Evapotranspiration = 6 mm/day
Water holding capacity = 120 mm/m
Irrigation period = 12 hrs
Average rooting depth = 1.0 m
Application efficiency = 70%
Readily available moisture = 45%

62. What would be the application rate in mm/hr?

a. 12.86 b. 6.43 c. 0.54 d. 4.5
dgross= (RAM)(WHC)(D)/Ea= (.45)(.12 mm/m)(1m)/(.7) = 77.14 mm
i = d /t = 77.14/12 hrs = 6.43 mm/hr
63. What is the irrigation interval in days?
a. 9 b. 12.86 c. 4.5 d. 6.43
I = dnet/ET = 54 mm/(6 mm/day) = 9 days
64.What is the sprinkler discharge in lps?
a. 398.77 b. 39.88 c. 3.99x104 d. 0.4
q = sprinkler discharge; a = area irrigated by a sprinkler
a = 18.3 x 12.2 m2
q = adgross/t = (18.3m)(12.2m)(.07714m)/12 hrs = 1.435 m 3/hr
= (1.435 m3/hr)(1000 li/m3)(hr/3600 sec) = 0.4 lps
65.What is the system capacity in lps?
a. 39.87 b. 27.91 c. 0.0279 d. 0.03987

Q = Adgross /t = (122m)(183m)(.07714m)/12 hrs = 143.5 m 3/hr

= (143.5 m3/hr)(1000 li/m3)(hr/3600 sec) = 39.87 lps
66.A principle of English Common Law
which recognizes the right of riparian
owner to make reasonable use of
streamflow provided the water is used on
riparian land.
a. Riparian Act
b. Riparian Right
c. Exec. Order on Riparian Right
d. Presid’l Decreee on Riparian Right
67.For a dam called SWIM Projects the volume of storage should
not exceed (in million m3)
a. 50 b. 75 c. 100 d. 35
68.Groundwater as a source of water for plant growth thru
capillary action is effective only if the groundwater is?
a. Above the root zone
b. Within the depth from which the major needs of
the plants are extracted
c. Way above the rootzone
d. all of the above
69. The best way of managing a farm with high water table to
obtain optimum yield is
a. Frequent application of high irrigation thru sprinkler during the
growth season
b. Application of heavy sprinkler irrigation during the rainy season
c. Application of large amount of irrigation water by a surface
method during the growing season
d. Non-application of water during the entire period of
growing season
70.The sum total of head above the vapor
pressure of the liquid being pumped at a
given pumping temperature.
a. Required net positive suction head
b. Total dynamic head
c. Pump static head
d. Total static head
71.The recommended pressure head
variation in the lateral between the first
and the last sprinkler.
a. 20% b. 50% c. 70% d. 100%
72.The rate at which water percolates through the
soil surface.
a. Irrigation b. Drainage coefficient
c. Soil permeability d. Infiltration rate
73.The most simple form of open-channel
flow computation is
a. unsteady uniform flow
b. Steady uniform flow
c. Steady non-uniform flow
d. Unsteady non-uniform flow
74.The part of the dam that releases
surplus of flush flood water which cannot
be contained in the active storage of the
reservoir.
a. freeborad b. spillway c. gates d.
weir
75.The most efficient trapezoidal cross
section.
a. width of the bottom= twice the depth
b. depth = twice the bottom width
c. width of the bottom = 4x the depth
d. width of the top=2x the sum of sides

76.If the rectangular canal has a base of 0.65 m,

what will be the depth of flow when the
hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow?

a. 0.418 b. 4.18 c. 0.17 d. 1.7

76. If the rectangular canal has a base of 0.65 m, what will be the
depth of flow when the hydraulic radius is equal to the area of
flow?

a. 0.418 b. 4.18 c. 0.17 d. 1.7

R=A
R = A/P; P = A/A = 1
P = b + 2d; 1 = 0.65 + 2d; d = (1 – 0.65)/2 = 0.175 m
The frequent slow application of water to the
specific rootzone area of the plant is called:

a. sprinkler irrigation b. trickle irrigation

c. flooding d. furrow irrigation
78.In an attempt to the groundwater flow of a certain farm, two
parallel canals have to be constructed. It was observed that the
impervious layer exist at a depth of 1.9 m below the soil surface
and the soil has a k value of 1.2 m/day. If the water table has to
be maintained at a depth of 0.8 m below the soil surface, what
will be the spacing of the drain when the drain level is 1.5 m
below the soil. Assume a steady recharge of 2 mm/day.
a. 2.52 m b. 50.20 m c. 5.02 m d. 502 m
S2 = (4kH/v)(2d + H)
= [(4)(1.2 m/day)(0.7 m)/(0.002 m/day)][(2)(0.4) + 0.7)]
V = 2 mm/day
= 2520 m 2

0.7 m
S = 50.2 m 1.5 m k = 1.22 m/day

1.9 m H = 0.7 m

d = 0.4 m

Impermeable layer
S
79.A piece of land divided into strips by
small earth bonds usually sloping
uniformly away from the farm channel in
the direction of water flow:
a. basin b. border c. contour d. furrow
88. Determine the flow from the soil into a 3-m deep drain 120 m
long when the drains are spaced 45 m apart. The depth of water
table midway between the drain is 1 m below the ground surface.
The tile drain has a diameter of 150 mm and flowing two-thirds full
while the soil’s average permeability is 1.5 x 10-4 m/sec.
a. 144 mm/day b. 1.9152 mm/day
c. 14.4 mm/day c. 191.52 mm/day
91.A discharge of 20 lps is equivalent to:
a. 2 m3/hr b. 20,000 m3/hr c. 0.02 li/min d. 72 m3/hr
(20 li/sec)(1 m /1000 li)(3600 sec/hr) = 72 m3/hr

92. Free flow in artesian well occur when

a. the piezometric level is higher than the top of
the well
b. the unconfined aquifer is beneath a confined
aquifer
c. permeability is high

d. none of the above

93.Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 10 hrs of irrigation time.
Determine the discharge to irrigate a hectare of land.
a. 100 m3/hr b. 10 m3/hr
c. 300 m3/hr d. 50 m3/hr
Q = Ad/t = 10,000 m2 x (0.3 m)/10 hrs = 300 m3/hr
94.-97. An undisturbed soil sample 100 cc was gathered from a
field 2 days after heavy rains when the soil moisture was
expected to be at field capacity. The weight of the fresh sample
was 176 g but was reduced to 142 g after oven drying. A
second soil sample with a fresh weight and oven dried weight of
130 g and 116 g, respectively, was gathered 3 weeks later
when the crop was observed to have a permanently wilted.
94.Determine the bulk density in g/cc.
a. 42 b. 1.42 c. 1.76 d. 17.6
ρb = OD/V = (142 g)/100 cc = 1.42 g/cc
95.Determine the apparent specific gravity.
a. 1.42 b. 1.42 c. 1.76 d. 17.7
As = ρb /ρw = 1.42/1 = 1.42
96. Determine the field capacity (dry basis).
a. 19.32% b. 1.93% c. 23.94% d. 2.39%
(FW – OD) (176 – 142)

97. Determine the wilting point (dry basis).

a. 1.2% b. 12% c. 10.77% d. 1.08%

(FW – OD) (130 – 116)

PWP = (OD) x 100 = x 100 = 12.07%
116
98.In the identification of potential dam sites, which one
is not part of the guidelines?
a. high density population to supply the needed
labor
b. availability of potential service area for
irrigation, power, domestic water supply, and
flood control
c. availability of a narrow gorge for minimum
earthwork for dam embankment
d. topographic condition providing a wide and
deep reservoir upstream of the damsites
99.–100.A crop has a depth of 0.6 m. F.C. and W.P. are 16% and
8%, respectively. Bulk density is 1.25 g/cc. The desired
allowable soil moisture deficit is 60% of the allowable moisture
and the average c. u. is 6 mm/day.
99.The depth of water to be stored in the rootzone per irrigation is:
a. 3.6 m b. 0.036 m c. 36 mm d. 36 cm
SMD = 60% = 0.6; FC = 16%; WP = 8%; ρ = 1.25 g/cc
A = ρb/ρw = 1.25/1 = 1.25
SMD(FC – WP)AsD (.6)(16 – 8)(1.25)(.6)
d= = = 0.036 m
100 100
100.The irrigation interval is:
a. 6 days b. 5 days c. 7 days d. 8 days
I = d/C.U. = (.036 m x 1000 mm/m)/6 mm/day = 6 days

101. The water pressure within the cells of a leaf:

a. vapor pressure b. turgor pressure
c. water pressure d. leaf pressure

102.The artificial application of water to the soil for the purpose of

crop production is:
a. percolation b.infiltration
c. irrigation d. drainage
103.-104.You are asked to determine the size of pump to irrigate a
100m x 100m cropland under the following conditions:
a. Friction head loss along main and lateral, Hm=18.46 ft.
b. Friction head loss along lateral, Hf = 17.6 ft.
c. Elevation between pump and junction of lateral and main,
Hj = 0.75 m
d. Elevation between pump and water surface, Hs = 4.2 m
e. Height of riser, Hr = 25 cm = 0.82 ft.
f. Average operating pressure = 40 psi
g. Lateral is laid on a level ground.
Other data are given as follows:
a. ET = 8 mm/day
b. Percolation = 3 mm/day
c. Irrigation interval = 7 days
d. Irrigation period = 12 hrs
e. Pump efficiency = 80%
f. Irrigation efficiency = 75%
103. The discharge, Q in m3/sec, is:
a. 2376 b. 2.38 c. 0.02376 d. 23.76
dnet = (ET + Perc.)(Irrig. Int.) = (8+3)mm/day(7 days) = 77 mm
dgross = dnet /Ea = 77/.75 = 102.67 mm
Q = Adgross/t = (100m x 100m)(102.67m)/12 hrs = 85.56 m3/hr
= (85.56 m3/hr) x (hr/3600 sec) = .02367 m3/sec
104.The size of the pump is:
a. 1.7 hp b. 15.79 hp c. 167.9 hp d. 29 hp
h = (40 lbs/in2)(144 in2/ft2)(ft3/62.4 lbs) = 92.31 ft
TDH = 18.46 + .75(3.28) + 4.2 (3.28) + 0.82 + 92.31 = 128.01 ft
BHP = γQTDH/(550 x Ep)

= 62.4 lbs/ft 3
)(.02376 m 3
/sec)(3.28) ft
3 3
/m 3
x 128.01 ft
(550 ft-lbs/sec-hp) x (.8)
= 15.22 hp
105. The bulk density of a soil is 1.35 g/cc. What is the real
specific gravity?
a. 1.35 b. 1 g/cc
c. 1.35 g/cc d. could not be determined
106.A practice to minimize the effect of
raindrop erosion:
a. mulching b. contour farming
c. terracing d. corrugation
107. Applying small quantities of water
through a network of tubing is otherwise
known as:
a. drip irrigation b. trickle irrigation
c. emitter irrigation d. any of the above
108.Water that moves freely and drains out
of the soil is:
a. hygroscopic water b. capillary water
c. gravitational water d. sea water
109.The pressure acting under a gravity
dam producing an overturning effect:
a. uplift pressure b. downward pressure
c. foundation pressure d. nota
110. It is the most elaborate method of
computing potential evapotranspiration:
a. Blaney-Criddle b. Jensen-Haise
c. Hargreaves d. Penman
111.Methods of supplying water in the basin
a. direct supply and cascade supply
b. flooding and pumping
c. sprinkling and dripping
d. wild flooding and pressurized supply
112. Given bed slope=0.0003; Manning’s coefficient, n=0.03; b/d
ratio=3.5; wetted perimeter, p=14; z=0.5. The velocity of flow
along a trapezoidal canal is:
a. 8.2 m/s b. 0.82 m/s c. 82 m/s d. 0.082 m/s
112. Given bed slope=0.0003; Manning’s coefficient, n=0.03; b/d
ratio=3.5; wetted perimeter, p=14; z=0.5. The velocity of flow
along a trapezoidal canal is:
a. 8.2 m/s b. 0.82 m/s c. 82 m/s d. 0.082 m/s
b/d = 3/5; b = (3/5)d
P = b + 2d √z2 + 1 = (3/5)d + 2(d)√(.5)2 + 1 = 14
14 = 2.836d; d = 14/2.836 = 4.94 m; b = (.6)(4.94) = 2.96 m
A = bd + zd2 = (2.96)(4.94) + (.5)(4.94)2 = 26.82 m2
R = A/P = 26.82/14 = 1.92
V = (1/n)R2/3 S1/2 = (1/.03)(1.92)2/3(.0003)1/2 = 0.89 m/s
A deepwell is drilled to irrigate a tomato farm. The capacity of the
well is measured with a rectangular weir with complete end
contractions. The weir has a length of 46 cm and the height of
flowing water above the weir crest is 15 cm. Consumptive use of
tomato is 4.6 mm/day, depth of rootzone= 60 cm, water holding
capacity of soil=12 cm/m and irrigation efficiency = 70%.
113. Assuming a daily irrigation at 12 hours pumping and
management allowed depletion of 50%, the area in hectares that
can be irrigated with this deepwell is:
a. 30.25 b. 3.02 c. 302.5 d. 0.3
114.The thickness of a confined aquifer is 5 m, well diameter=40
cm, radius of influence=250 m, k=10 m/day, height of water in
the pumping well=1,325 m, height of piezometric surface=1,500
m. The steady state discharge is:
a. 0.89 m3/sec b. 0.089 m3/sec
c. 0.089 lps d. 0.89 lps

2πkt(he – hw) 2π(10m/day)(5m)(1,500 – 1,325)m

Q = ln(r – r ) =
e w
ln(250/0.2)(86,400 sec/day

= 0.089 m3/sec
115.If a soil sample is compacted:
a. its moisture content decreases
b. its porosity remains the same
c. its nutrient content diminishes
d. its bulk density increases

116. The moisture content of the soil when the tension is 1/3
atmosphere:
a. field capacity b. saturation point
c. wilting point d. wilting coefficient
117. The other term for gravity well:
a. confined well b. water table well
c. deep well d. well on perched
aquifer
118. It is the measure of the difference in
ground level between two places in a field is
referred to as percentage. It is the number
of meter difference in elevation for each 100
m of horizontal distance.
a. velocity b. discharge
c. land slope d. side slope
119. How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to
irrigate a rectangular field of 150m x 200m if the laterals are set
parallel to the larger side of the field:
a. 588 b. 609 c. 616 d. 638
No. of sprinklers/lateral, s = 200/7 = 28.57 or 28
No. of laterals, l = 150/7 = 21.43 or 21
Total no. of sprinklers, N = 28 x 21 = 588
120. If the theoretical flow of velocity in an orifice is 4 m/s, what is
the height of water flowing above the center of the orifice?
a. 0.8m b. 8.0m c. 0.9m d. 9.0m
h = (v2)/2g = (42)/(2 x 9.81) = 0.82 m

121. If the water strikes a point 0.5m horizontally and 100 mm

vertically, what is the coefficient of discharge of the same
orifice?
a. 1.14 b. 0.875 c. 1.62 d. 0.785
122. Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 8 hrs of irrigation time.
Determine the discharge needed to irrigate a hectare of land:
a. 375 m3/hr b. 10 m3/hr c. 30 m3/hr d. 200 m3/hr

Q = Ad/t = (10,000) m x (.3 m)/8 hrs = 375 m 3/hr

123. An irrigation engineer, in his study, was
able to establish that the irrigation
requirement of crop XYZ is 8 mm/day. If the
rootzone depth was estimated at 5 in. on
the average, what should be the design
discharge of a canal to be able to deliver
the 5-day requirement of a 15-ha farm in 24
hours?
124. A farmer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of 100m x
100m area. His furrow spacing is 50 cm and the application depth
is 100 mm. If the inflow rate is 0.4 lps/100m, determine the time of
irrigating each furrow:
a. 3.47 hrs b. 0.69 hrs c. 28.94 hrs d. 15 days

Total time to irrigate the whole field, T = Ad/Q

(10,000 m )(0.1)m x 1000 li
T= = 694.44 hrs
(0.4 li/sec/m) x 100 m x 3600 sec/hr

No. of furrows, n = 100/.5 = 200

Time of irrigating each furrow, t
t = T/n = 694.44/200 = 3.47 hrs.
125. The number of furrows that can be irrigated at the same time
if the available water supply is 7.5 lps:
a. 4 b. 25 c. 40 d. 2.5
A developer decided to establish a golf driving
range having a 150m x 100m area. If they decide
to start irrigating the area using sprinklers under
the following conditions:
Length of lateral = 150 m
Lateral Spacing = 10.0 m
Sprinkler spacing along lateral = 10.0 m
Soil water holding capacity = 120 m/min
Average rooting depth = 0.5 m
Evapotranspiration = 6 mm/day
Readily available moisture = 50%
Irrigation period = 8 hrs.
Application efficiency = 70%
126. What would be the application rate in mm/hr?
a. 3.75 b. 5.36 c. 63.6 d. 37.5
RAM = 50%; WHC = 120 mm/m; D = 0.5 M; t = 8 hrs; E a = 70%

RAM(WHC)(D) (.5)(120)(.5) mm
i= = = 5.36 mm/hr
Ea x t (.7)(8 hrs)

127. What is the irrigation interval in days?

a. 5 b. 3.75 c. 7.14 d. 6
CU = 6 mm/day
RAM(WHC)(D) (.5)(120)(.5) mm
I= = 5 days
CU (6 mm/day)
128. What is the sprinkler discharge in lps?
a. 1.5 b. 148.89 c. 536 d. 0.15
Lateral spacing = 10 m; sprinkler spacing = 10 m
q = a x i = (10)(10)m2 x (.00536 m/hr)(1000 li/m3)(hr/3600 sec)
= 0.15 lps
129. What is the system capacity in lps?
a. 22.32 b. 15.62 c. 2.32 d. 1.56
Total No. of sprinklers, n = (150/10)(100/10) = 150
Q = n x q = 150 x 0.15 = 22.32 lps
Alternative solution:
Q = (A)(i)
= (150)(100)m x (.00536 m/hr)(1000 li/m )(hr/3600 sec)
= 22.33 lps
138. A rectangular lined canal will be used to irrigate 60 has. If a
Francis weir of 0.4m crest will be used to control the flow,
what would be the depth of water over the crest in order to
supply 2 lps/ha?
a. 0.07m b. 0.30m c. 1.94m d. 4.47m
Rectangular weir is also called Francis weir. The
discharge through a Francis weir (or rectangular weir) is
Q = .0184LH3/2; where Q = lps; L = cm; H = cm
H = [Q/(.0184L)]2/3
= [(2)(60)/(.0186)(40)] = 30.14 cm = .301 m
139. If the canal in the above condition is changed into a triangular
canal, what would be the depth of water over the crest if a V-
notch weir is used?
a. 0.37m b. 2.15m c. 3.7m d. 0.22m
For a triangular weir,
Q = .0138H5/2 where Q = lps; H = cm
H = [Q/.0138]2/5 = [2(60)/.0138]2/5 = 37.65 cm = 0.38 m
140. It is a gate placed across a stream from which it is desired to
divert water:
a. check gate* b. head gate
c. culvert d. spillway
*See p. 218 IPP

141. The operating pressure of the sprinkler heads in a sprinkler

irrigation system is 12.52 kg/cm2. What is the allowable
pressure (kg/m2) variation between the first and the last
sprinkler head in a lateral?
a. 2.504 b. 5.240 c. 25.04 d. 4.520
Allowable pressure, head, or discharge variation in
sprinkler or drip system is 20%.
Allowable pressure variation = (.2)(12.52) = 2.504 kg/m2
142. Development of deep well by compressed air is best suited
for ___wells.
a. big b. small* c. open d. nota
*IPP, p. 261

143. If the speed of an irrigation centrifugal pump is increased by

30%, the power requirement is increased by:
a. 2.197 b. 1.297 c. 2.917 d. 1.972

(N1)3 P1
= Given: N2 = 1.3N1
(N2)3 P2

P2 = P1(N2/N1)3 = P1(1.3N1/N1)3 = 2.197P1

143. If the speed of an irrigation centrifugal pump is increased by
30%, the power requirement is increased by:
a. 2.197 b. 1.297 c. 2.917 d. 1.972

(N1)3 P1
= Given: N2 = 1.3N1
(N2)3 P2

P2 = P1(N2/N1)3 = P1(1.3N1/N1)3 = 2.197P1

144. Mixed flow pumps are used for:
a. High head, high discharge operation
b. low head, high discharge operation
c. high head, low discharge operation
d. low head, low discharge operation

Propeller and mixed flow pumps are used for low-head

high-discharge operation (IPP, p. 280)
145. The quotient of the weight of a volume of dry soil including air
space and weight of an equal volume of water is:

a. apparent specific gravity*

b. real specific gravity
c. porosity
d. nota

*(IPP, p. 36)
146. Moisture content present in the soil when gravitational water
has been removed is called:
a. wilting point b. field capacity
c. unavailable moisture d. nota
147. 75% of available moisture is called:
a. readily available moisture
b. hygroscopic water
c. permanent wilting point
d. nota
A farmer collected a soil sample 2 days after irrigation. The
sample has a diameter of 5 in., height of 8 in. and The sample
weighed 3000 g before drying and 2340 after drying. Bulk density
is g/cc.
148. The field capacity in in/ft of soil is:
a. 3.4 b. 3.5 c. 3.6 d. 3.7
Vb = π(d2/4)(h) = π(52/4)(8)(2.54)3 = 2574.07 cc
ρb = OD/Vb = 2340/2574.07 = 0.909 g/cc
As = ρb/ρw = .909/1 = .909

(FW – OD) (3000 – 2340)

As = x .909 x 12
OD 2340
= 3.08 in/ft
149. Assuming that the wilting point is half of the field capacity, the
readily available moisture in in/ft is:
a. 1.692 b. 1.269 c. 1.629 d. 2.169
WP = FC/2 = 3.08/2 = 1.54 in/ft
RAM = 0.75(FC – WP) = .75(3.08 – 1.54) = 1.15 in/ft

150. Estimate the required depth (ft) of flow of water over a

straight drop spillway 14 ft in length to carry a runoff of 40,000
gpm.
a. 1.88 b. 1.78 c. 1.68 d. 1.58
A farm ditch has depth of flowing water of 60 cm, bottom width=50
cm, side slope=1horizontal:1vertical, channel slope=0.02%.
151. The velocity of flow in m/sec is:
a. 0.143 b. 0.0134 c. 0.314 d. 0.431

A = bd + zd2 = (50)(60) + 1(60)2 = 6600 cm2

P = b + 2d√z2 + 1 = 50 + 2(60)√1 + 1 = 219.71 cm
R = A/P = 6600/219.71 = 30.04 cm = 0.3 m
For canals and ditches, n = .02 (IPP, p. 239)
V = (1/n)R2/3S1/2 = (1/.02)(.3)2/3(.02/100)1/2 = 0.318 m/s
152. The discharge in m3/sec is:
a. 0.027 b. 0.207 c. 0.702 d. 0.072
Q = AV = (.66)(.318) = .21 m3/sec
153. It is also referred to as controlled seepage:
a. sprinkle irrigation b. subsurface irrigation
c. Drip irrigation d. surface irrigation

154. The water right based on the concept first time, first in right:
a. Right of way b. Appropriation Act
c. General Appropriation d. nota

The doctrine of appropriation asserts that all water rights are

founded upon priority of use.
157. The lateral movement of water in the soil:
a. seepage b. drainage
c. irrigation d. flooding

158. The discharge through a 90 v-notch weir may be computed

by:
a. Q = 0.0184LH3/2 b. Q = 0.0184(L-.2H)3/2
c. Q = 0.0186LH3/2 d. Q = 0.0138H5/2
159. The mass per unit volume of the soil particles is:
a. specific gravity b. porosity
c. soil density d. void ratio

160. The ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of solid is:
a. void ratio b. porosity
c. specific gravity d. soil density
161. Water held by forces of surface tension and continuous films
around the soil particles is:
a. capillary water b. hygroscopic water
c. gravitational water d. soil water
162. Water held tightly to the surface of soil particle by adsorption
forces is:
a. capillary water b. hygroscopic water
c. soil water d. gravitational water
164. It is the sheet of water which overflows a weir:
a. Napped b. weir pond
c. weir crest c. weir gauge

165. Sprinkler type with operating pressure from 20-40 psi:

a. high pressure b. low pressure
c. medium pressure d. nota
166. A conveyance structure used to turn conduits of varying
sizes and shapes.
a. cut off b. transition
c. weir d. chute

167. Surface irrigation method where a much smaller area is

enclosed by levees.
a. trickle irrigation b. drip irrigation
c. basin flooding d. flood routing
168. It also refers to consumptive use by crops.
a. evapotranspiration b. water circulation
c. saturation vapor pressure d. osmosis

169. It is natural or artificial channel that shortens a meandering

stream.
a. cut off b. drawdown
c. chutes d. transition
170. A concept used to evaluate the losses of water during
irrigation from the time it leaves that source to the point of use.
a. irrigation efficiency b. drainage efficiency
c. Discharge flow rate d. nota

171. In drainage system, pipe depth is defined as:

a. depth of cut
b. height of trench
c. distance from the surface to the bottom of the pipe
d. Distance from the surface to the top of pipe
172. A multi-blade wind mill design is considered as:
a. high torque design
b. high speed design
c. low torque design
d. low wattage design

174. The most simple form of open channel flow computation is:
a. unsteady uniform flow
b. steady non-uniform flow
c. steady uniform
d. unsteady non-uniform
176. The speed at which water flows in channel is:
a. velocity b. discharge
c. runoff d. volumetric flow

177. It is equal to the cross-sectional area times the velocity of

flow.
a. velocity b. discharge
c. evaporation d. runoff

179. The time needed for water to infiltrate into the soil depending
on the depth of water and the soil type is called:
a. infiltration rate b. irrigation time
b. contact time d. advance time
180. The soil characteristic determining the maximum rate at
which water can enter the soil under specific conditions,
including the presence of excess water is:
a. infiltration b. infiltration rate
c. capillary d. surface tension
182. Ratio of the bulk density to the density of water.
a. oven-dry weight
b. apparent specific gravity
c. soil volume
d. porosity

183. In open channel, the term A/P is:

a. hydraulic gradient
b. hydraulic radius
c. hydraulic conductivity
d. hydraulics
184. Determine the size of a pump to irrigate a 5-ha riceland. The
water source is a stream with pumping head of 2 m.
Evaporation=8mm/day, percolation=2mm/day, irrigation
interval=5 days, irrigation period=10 hrs, friction loss=0,
pump efficiency=80%, irrigation efficiency=80%.
a. 2.129 hp b. 2.85 hp
c. 5 hp d. 1.5 hp
(ET + P)(Irrig. Int.) (8+2)(5)
dgross = = .8 = 62.5 mm
Ea
Q = Ad/t
(5)(10,000)(.00625)
Q= = .087 m3/sec
(10)(3600)
γQH (62.4)(.O87)(3.28) x (2x3.28)
BHP = = = 2.85 hp
550Ep (550)(.8)
A farmer proposes to use sprinkler on a rectangular field 160m x
120m with lateral line parallel to the shorter side. The land is
adjacent to the river from which he pumps water. He needs a
maximum application depth of 60 mm every 10 days. The
maximum intake rate of the soil is 8.5 mm/hr and the application
efficiency is 80%. Sprinkler spacing is 9m x 9m.

186. What is the desired discharge per sprinkler in lps?

a. 1.91 x 10-4 lps b. 0.19125 lps
c. 0.6885 lps d. 688.5 lps

q = (S x S )i
= (9 x 9)(.0085) m3/hr x (hr/3600 sec)(1000 li/m3)
= .1912 lps
A farmer proposes to use sprinkler on a rectangular field 160m x
120m with lateral line parallel to the shorter side. The land is
adjacent to the river from which he pumps water. He needs a
maximum application depth of 60 mm every 10 days. The
maximum intake rate of the soil is 8.5 mm/hr and the application
efficiency is 80%. Sprinkler spacing is 9m x 9m.
187. How many sprinklers are in a lateral?
a. 13 b. 18 c. 14 d. 17
No. of sprinklers/lateral = (lateral length)/(sprinkler spacing
along lateral)
= (120/9) = 13.33 or 13
188. How many number of lateral positions?
a. 13 b. 18 c. 14 d. 17
No. of lateral positions = length of field/spacing
between laterals
= 160/9 = 17.77 or 17
189. How many hours will it take him to apply the water
requirement in one lateral position?
a. 7.06 hrs b. 10 days c. 2 hrs d. 8.82 hrs
dgross 60 mm
t= = 8.82 hrs
(application rate)Ea (8.5)(.8) mm/hr

190. What is the required pump discharge in lps?

a. 45.53 b. 3.4 c. 2.55 d. 25.5

Q = A x applic. rate = (160)(120)(.0085) m x 1000 li x hr

3

hr m3 3600 sec
= 45.33 lps
192. A tile drain with 20 mm diameter is to be constructed in a
tomato plantation. The depth of the water table midway
between the drain is 1.3m below the soil surface. If the
water will flow 2/3 full in the tile drain, determine the flow
from the soil into a 3m depth drain. The drains are spaced
50m apart and the soil permeability is 1.5x10 m/sec. The
tile drain touches the permeable layer.
a. 297.79 mm/day b. 59.56 mm/day
c. 66.82 mm/day d. 100 mmday

191. Water flows in a cylindrical tank at a rate of 20 m/sec. If the

radius of the tank is 2m, find how fast is the tank rising?
a. 1.59 m/s b. 1.99 m/s c. 1.49 m/s d. nota
193. What should be the diameter of a pipe such that the two of
them will be just sufficient to hold the water in an open
canal 2m wide and 1m deep? Assume half square section
canal and use a common slope of 0.0007 and Chezy’s
coefficient = 58.
a. 1.26 m b. 1.8 m c. 1.085 m d. 1 m
A = l x w = 2 x 1 = 2 m2
P = l + 2w = 2 + 2(1) = 4 m
R = A/P = 2/4 = 0.5 m
for a circular x-section, R = d/4; d = 4R = 4(.5) = 2 m
since there are two pipes then dia. of one pipe = 2/2 = 1m
196. An engineer is to design the mainline of a sprinkler system
which will use a steel (Scobey’s coefficient K = 0.40) to
carry a flow of 6.5 lps. The length of pipe is 150m and the
inside diameter is 100 mm. Compute the head loss of the
system assuming a uniform flow.
a. 3.16 m b. 1.36 m c. 1.5 m d. 1.8 m

KsLQ1.9
Hf = x 4.1 x 106
D4.9
(.4)(150)(6.51.9)
= x 4.1 x 106 = 1.36 m
(100)4.9
194. Given the soil sampler with a diameter of 5.2 cm and length of 4.7 cm.
What is the bulk volume of soil it could gather?
a. 100 cc b. 95 cc c. 120 cc d. 24.4 cc
V = π(d2/4)h = π(5.22/4)(4.7) = 99.81 cc
197. What is the evapotranspiration of corn during its growing
period if the crop coefficient is 2.5 and the reference crop
evapotranspiration is 6 mm/day?
a. 2.44 mm/day b. 0.42 mm/day
c. 8.5 mm/day d. 15 mm/day
ETa = kcETp = (2.5)(6) = 15 mm/day

198. In designing an open channel, it is necessary to know what

the material firming the channel bed is to know the value of:
a. roughness coefficient b. side slope
c. bed slope d. bottom slope
199. The capacity of a certain canal will be measured using a
Cipolleti weir having a length of 0.5m. If the height of the
flowing water above the crest is 13 cm, what is the well capacity
in lps?
a. 44.6 b. 43.59 c. 45.59 d. 42.59
Cipolleti weir is a trapezoidal weir with Q = 0.86LH3/2
L & H = cm; Q =
lps
Q = (0.0186)(50)(13)3/2 = 43.59 lps

200. With this discharge, what will be the head above the crest if a
V-notch is installed somewhere along the same canal?
a. 25 cm b. 24 cm c. 26 cm d. 27 cm

For a V-notch weir, Q = 0.0138H5/2 ; H = (Q/.0138)2/5

H = (43.59/.0138)2/5 = 25.1 lps
201. Type of stream that is also known as loosing stream. Water
table in this case falls below the stream channel bed.
a. influent stream b. effluent stream
c. perennial stream d. gaining stream
202. A closed conduit usually circular, square or rectangular in
cross section, used for conveying water across and under
an elevated roadway, embankment and dikes.
a. gate b. culvert c. canal d. drop
203. An irrigation method formed by building longitudinal levees approximately
parallel to the contour and connecting them at a desirable places with
levees at right angle.
a. check contour b. border
c. basin d. furrow
204. A device used to control the flow of water to or from a pipeline.
a. Inlet b. gate c. weir d. flume
205. An appurtenance to the pipeline which permits the passage
of air to or from the pipeline.
a. surge b. water hammer c. vent d. gate

206. Barrier constructed to hold water back and raise its level.
a. channel b. dam
c. well d. weir
207. Irrigation structure that divides the water into 2 main laterals.
a. chute b. crossing c.
bifurcation d. drop

208. It is the combined process of evaporation and transpiration from plants.

a. evaporation b. transpiration c. evapo-
transpiration d. condensation
209. The volume of water flowing each second, measured in
m3/sec.
a. stream b. discharge
c. velocity d. cross-sectional area
210. For the most efficient trapezoidal cross-section:
a. width of the bottom=1.5 of the depth
b. width of the top=sum of sides
c. width of the bottom=twice the depth
d. width of the to=1/2 the sum of sides
211. Delivery of 360 cfs to an 80-acre field is continued for 4 hrs.
Tail water flow is estimated at 10 cfs. Soil probing after the
irrigation indicates that 1 ft. of water was stored in the rootzone.
Compute the application efficiency.
a. 60% b. 62% c. 92% d. 67%
dr = depth of water delivered to the farm
dr = Qt/A
(360 ft /sec)(3600 sec/hr)(4 hrs)
= = 1.49 ft
(80)(43560)
ds = depth of water stored in the soil root zone
Ea = ds/df)100 = (1/1.49)(100) = 67.20%
212. A contracted rectangular weir is to be constructed in a stream
of water in which the discharge varies from 55 to 1415 lps.
Determine the length of weir such that the measured head will
never be less than 60 mm or greater than 1/3 of the length of
weir.
a. 17.4m b. 0.0174m c. 1.74m d. 0.174m
For weir with complete end contraction, L = L’ - .2H; L =
effective length, cm; L’ = length of weir crest, cm; H = measured
head or depth of water in the weir, cm.
L=
Q = .0184LH = .0184)(
212. A contracted rectangular weir is to be constructed in a stream
of water in which the discharge varies from 55 to 1415 lps.
Determine the length of weir such that the measured head will
never be less than 60 mm or greater than 1/3 of the length of
weir.
a. 17.4m b. 0.0174m c. 1.74m d. 0.174m
214. The ratio of total production attained with operating irrigation
system compared to total production expected under ideal
condition.
a. irrigation frequency b. irrigation efficiency
c. irrigation period d. irrigation method
216. Refers to the number of days between irrigation periods
without rainfall.
a. irrigation frequency b. irrigation efficiency
c. Irrigation method d. irrigation period

217. The no. of days allowed for operating irrigation to a given

design area during the peak consumptive period of the crop
being irrigated.
a. irrigation method b. irrigation period
c. irrigation frequency d. irrigation efficiency
218. A property associated with surface tension of liquid and
manifested in the rise and fall of liquids in small diameter
tubes.
a. conduction b. capillary
c. cavitation d. condensation
219. Amount of rainfall in the rootzone.
a. consumptive use b. seepage
c. percolation d. effective rainfall
220. It is used to divide and distribute the flow of water at desired
direction usually placed or built in main farm ditch to divert
water to supplementary farm ditches.
a. spill wall b. turnout
c. flume d. division box
221. How much water is needed in each irrigation if the moisture
holding capacity of the soil is 1.5 in/ft and irrigation was started
when 40% is depleted. The crop uses 0.25 in/day of moisture
and has a root depth of 3 ft. If there is no rain, how often will
irrigation be required?
a. 4.8 in. every 6 days b. 1.8 in. every 7.2 days
c. 2.8 in. every 4 days d. 3.8 in. every 5 days
d = (AMD)(WHC)(D) = (.4)(1.5)(3) = 1.8 in.
t = d/CU = 1.8/.25 = 7.2 days
222. A notch of regular form through which the irrigation stream is
made to flow and flow built as either portable or stationary
structures is called:
a. orifice b. parshall flume c. weir d. dam
223. For the most efficient circular cross-section, semi-circle the
hydraulic radius is equal to:
a. ¼ its radius b. its radius
c. ½ its radius d. ¼ its diameter
225. Find the required diameter for a pipe such that 2 of them will
be sufficient to carry the water delivered by an open channel of
half square section 1.8m wide and 0.9m deep. For both channel
and pipe, S=0.009 and C = 120 and V=C(RS)1/2.
a. 0.0114m b. 0.114m c. 11.4m d. 1.14m
226. Compute the water holding capacity of soil in inches if the
F.C. is 30% and the wilting point is 15% of the dry soil density.
This density is 80 lbs/ft3 and the soil depth to be irrigated is 2
feet.
a. 3.6 b. 2.6 c. 5.6 d. 4.6
As = ρb/ρw = 80/62.4 = 1.28
WHC = (FC – WP)AsD = (.3 - .15)(1.28)(2 X 12) = 4.61 in.

227. The mass per unit volume of the soil particle is:

a. Porosity b. void ratio

c. soil density d. specific gravity
228. A semi-circular concrete flume with 1.5m radius has a depth
of flow of 1.2 m. Determine the discharge flowing in the
flume if n=0.012 and s = 0.002.
a. 51.70 lps b. 517 lps
c. 5.170 lps d. 5170 lps
229. The trapezoidal canal is to have a base width of 6 m and side
slopes of 1:1. The velocity of flow is 0.6 m/sec. What slope
must be given the bed in order to deliver 5 m3/sec. Use
Kutther’s C, n=0.025.
a. 0.00263 b. 0.0000263 c. 0.000263 d. 0.0263
Q = AV; A = Q/V = 5/.6 = 8.33 m2
For a trapezoidal canal, A = bd + zd2
8.33 = 6d + (1)d2 ; d = 1.163 m
P = b + 2d √z + 1 = 6 + 2(1.163)(2)1/2 = 9.29 m
R = A/P = 8.33/9.29 = 0.9
V = (1/n)R2/3S1/2
S = (nV/R2/3)2 = [(.025)(.6)/(.9)]2 = .00026
233. In drainage, open channel is often referred to as:
a. canals b. traps c. manholes d. drains
234. The direct attraction of similar molecules between similar
molecules.
a. collision b. attraction c. repulsion d. cohesion

230. The amount of water used in producing crop is:

a. water holding capacity b. critical growth stage
c. rooting characteristics d. percolation
232. Water that moves freely and drains out of the soil is:
a. gravitational b. capillary
c. S.I.A. d. hygroscopic
235. A temporary method of drainage artificially produced in the
subsoil with digging a trench from the surface.
a. canal b. flood routing
c. transition d. mole drain
236. The depth of water in mm or inches to be removed in 24 hr
period from the drainage area.
a. infiltration rate b. drainage coefficient
c. infiltration d. percolation
237. What is the time required for water from the most remote
region of the watershed to reach the outlet if the length of
flow is 1550m and elevation difference between the outlet
and the most remote region is 20m?
a. 0.48 min b. 0.25 min c. 3 min d. 5 min
t = .0078L.77S-.385 = (.0078)(1550 x 3.28).77(20/1550)-.385

237. It is the average interval of time within the magnitude of given

event will be equaled or exceeded at least once on the
average.
a. period of exceedence
b. hydrologic frequency
c. return period
d. all of the above
238. Given a probability of occurrence or exceedence of 5%. How
many years will it take before a discharge of 1000 m3/sec will be
equaled or exceeded?
a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25

Y = 1/P = 1/.05 = 20 years

239. The type of drainage suitable for areas sloping uniformly over
a single direction.
a. herringbone b. gridiron c. natural d. random