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    Speed of Sound Mark Hilarion (X)

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    Mark Kristoffer Hilarion
    1. The document discusses the speed of sound calculation for refrigerant R1234yf as a replacement for R134a. It provides chemical and thermodynamic properties of both refrigerants. 2. The speed of sound is defined using partial derivatives of pressure and density with respect to entropy. Formulas are presented to calculate the speed of sound in subcooled and superheated regions while keeping entropy constant. 3. Results show that the speed of sound for R1234yf decreases as it approaches the saturated temperature for a given pressure and increases from the saturated temperature to the critical temperature, with a more pronounced effect at higher pressures. Speed of sound values are presented for various pressures from the triple point temperature

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    Speed of Sound Mark Hilarion (X)

    Uploaded by

    Mark Kristoffer Hilarion
    34 views6 pages
    1. The document discusses the speed of sound calculation for refrigerant R1234yf as a replacement for R134a. It provides chemical and thermodynamic properties of both refrigerants. 2. The speed of sound is defined using partial derivatives of pressure and density with respect to entropy. Formulas are presented to calculate the speed of sound in subcooled and superheated regions while keeping entropy constant. 3. Results show that the speed of sound for R1234yf decreases as it approaches the saturated temperature for a given pressure and increases from the saturated temperature to the critical temperature, with a more pronounced effect at higher pressures. Speed of sound values are presented for various pressures from the triple point temperature

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    1. The document discusses the speed of sound calculation for refrigerant R1234yf as a replacement for R134a. It provides chemical and thermodynamic properties of both refrigerants. 2. The speed of sound is defined using partial derivatives of pressure and density with respect to entropy. Formulas are presented to calculate the speed of sound in subcooled and superheated regions while keeping entropy constant. 3. Results show that the speed of sound for R1234yf decreases as it approaches the saturated temperature for a given pressure and increases from the saturated temperature to the critical temperature, with a more pronounced effect at higher pressures. Speed of sound values are presented for various pressures from the triple point temperature

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    34 views6 pages

    Speed of Sound Mark Hilarion (X)

    Uploaded by

    Mark Kristoffer Hilarion
    1. The document discusses the speed of sound calculation for refrigerant R1234yf as a replacement for R134a. It provides chemical and thermodynamic properties of both refrigerants. 2. The speed of sound is defined using partial derivatives of pressure and density with respect to entropy. Formulas are presented to calculate the speed of sound in subcooled and superheated regions while keeping entropy constant. 3. Results show that the speed of sound for R1234yf decreases as it approaches the saturated temperature for a given pressure and increases from the saturated temperature to the critical temperature, with a more pronounced effect at higher pressures. Speed of sound values are presented for various pressures from the triple point temperature

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Mark Kristoffer V.

    Hilarion
    ME 226 - Gas Dynamics

    Speed of Sound of R1234yf

    1) About R1234yf
    R1234yf is a non-ozone depleting, low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant that was
    initially developed to meet the EU Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) Directive starting from 1 January
    2011 and become the standard refrigerant for the majority of automotive manufacturers globally.
    (Opteon YF Product Information Bulletin)

    Since the implementation of MAC Directive (2006/40/EG), R1234yf is seen as a viable


    replacement for R-134a. R1234yf has a GWP of just 4, providing substantially lower direct
    greenhouse gas emissions than R134a systems. It thus significantly reduces the carbon footprint of
    refrigeration systems over the total lifetime

    Chemical Properties (R1234yf / R-134a)


    R1234yf R134a
    Chemical name 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane
    Chemical formula CF₃CF = CH₂ CH₂FCF₃
    Product group Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)
    ASHRAE safety classification A2L – non-toxic & mildly- A1 – non-toxic & non-
    flammable flammable
    Triple Point 220.0 K 169.85 K
    Boiling Point @ 1atm 243.7 K 247.08 K
    Critical Temperature 367.85 K 374.21 K
    Critical Pressure 3.3822 MPa 4.0593 MPa
    Critical Density 475.55 kg/m³ 511.9 kg/m³
    Global Warming Potential 4 1430
    Molar Mass 114.04 kg/kmol 102.03 kg/kmol

    (Literature Reference for R1234yf: Richter, M., McLinden, M.O., and Lemmon, E.W.
    "Thermodynamic Properties of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf): Vapor Pressure and
    p-rho-T Measurements and an Equation of State," J. Chem. Eng. Data, 56(7):3254-3264,
    2011.)
    (Literature Reference for R134a: Tillner-Roth, R. and Baehr, H.D., "An international standard
    formulation of the thermodynamic properties of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for
    temperatures from 170 K to 455 K at pressures up to 70 MPa," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data,
    23:657-729, 1994.)
    2) Speed of sound calculation

    Speed of sound is defined as c= ( ∂∂Pρ ) ; where P is pressure and ρ is density.


    s

    ∂ v : therefore c=−v (
    ∂v )
    2 ∂P
    But ∂ ρ=−v −2 and by central difference:
    s

    ( )
    (v+∂ v) ( v−∂ v )
    ∂P P −P
    =
    ∂v s 2∗∂ v

    Said formula will be used to find the speed of sound on subcooled and superheated
    region holding entropy constant.

    Continuing in this fashion:

    c=−v 2 ( ∂∂ Pv ) ∗( ∂∂ TT )
    s

    ()
    ∂P
    ∂T
    c=−v 2
    ∂v
    ∂T s

    By Clausius–Clapeyron equation

    ∂ P s g−s f
    =
    ∂ T v g−v f

    v=v f + x ( v g −v f )=v f + x v g−xv f

    dv d v f
    =
    dT dT
    +x ( ) ( ) ( )
    d vg
    dT
    +v g
    dx
    dT
    −x
    d vf
    dT
    dx
    −v f ( )
    dT

    +x( ) +( v ¿ ¿ g−v )( ) ¿
    dv dv dv f g dx
    = (1−x ) f
    dT dT dT dT

    dx
    To find :
    dT
    s=s f + x ( s g −s f )=s f + x s g−xs f

    ds d s f
    =
    dT dT
    +x
    d sg
    dT ( ) ( ) ( )
    + vg
    dx
    dT
    −x
    d sf
    dT
    dx
    −v f ( )
    dT
    ds
    dT
    = (1−x )
    d sf
    dT
    +x
    d sg
    dT ( ) ( )
    +(s ¿ ¿ g−s f )
    dx
    dT
    =0 ¿; since the process is isentropic
    ds
    dT
    =0

    dx
    =
    ( ( 1−x )
    d sf
    dT
    +x
    dT( ))
    d sg

    dT ( s ¿ ¿ f −s g)¿

    Using central difference:


    T +dT T−dT
    d s f s f −s f
    =
    dT 2∗dT

    d s g s T+
    g
    dT
    −sTg −dT
    =
    dT 2∗dT
    T +dT T −dT
    d v f v f −v f
    =
    dT 2∗dT
    T +dT T −dT
    d v g v g −v g
    =
    dT 2∗dT

    The Equation is used to calculate the speed of sound on R1234yf from its triple point
    temperature to critical temperature.
    3) Results of calculation
    Different Pressures are presented for R1234yf. It shows that the speed of sound
    plummet as it approaches the saturated temperature of given pressures. The decrease and
    increase rate of speed of sound with respect to specific volume from triple point
    temperature to saturated temperature and saturated temperature to critical temperature
    respectively are more pronounced at higher pressure.
    At pressures 40000 Pa, 120000 Pa, 275000 Pa, 500000 Pa, 1000000 Pa
    At pressures 100000 Pa, 1500000 Pa, 2000000 Pa, 2500000 Pa, 3000000 Pa
    At pressures 40000 Pa, 832500 Pa, 1655000 Pa, 2477500 Pa, 3300000 Pa

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