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228 Friction

Chapter

5
Friction
Introduction (c) Unit : It has no unit.
(d) Value of  depends on material and nature of surfaces in
If we slide or try to slide a body over a surface, the motion is resisted
contact that means whether dry or wet ; rough or smooth polished or non-
by a bonding between the body and the surface. This resistance is represented
polished.
by a single force and is called friction force.
(e) Value of  does not depend upon apparent area of contact.
The force of friction is parallel to the surface and opposite to the
direction of intended motion. (3) Kinetic or dynamic friction : If the applied force is increased
further and sets the body in motion, the friction opposing the motion is
Types of Friction called kinetic friction.
(1) Static friction : The opposing force that comes into play when (i) Kinetic friction depends upon the normal reaction.
one body tends to move over the surface of another, but the actual motion Fk  R or Fk  k R where  k is called the coefficient of kinetic
has yet not started is called static friction.
friction
(i) If applied force is P and the
body remains at rest then static friction F = R (ii) Value of k depends upon the nature of surface in contact.
P. P
F
(iii) Kinetic friction is always lesser than limiting friction Fk  Fl
(ii) If a body is at rest and no
pulling force is acting on it, force of  k   s
friction on it is zero. mg i.e. coefficient of kinetic friction is always less than coefficient of
(iii) Static friction is a self-adjusting Fig. 5.1 static friction. Thus we require more force to start a motion than to
force because it changes itself in accordance with the applied force and is maintain it against friction. This is because once the motion starts actually ;
always equal to net external force. inertia of rest has been overcome. Also when motion has actually started,
(2) Limiting friction : If the applied force is increased, the force of irregularities of one surface have little time to get locked again into the
static friction also increases. If the applied force exceeds a certain irregularities of the other surface.
(maximum) value, the body starts moving. This maximum value of static (iv) Kinetic friction does not depend upon the velocity of the body.
friction upto which body does not move is called limiting friction. (v) Types of kinetic friction
(i) The magnitude of limiting friction between any two bodies in (a) Sliding friction : The opposing force that comes into play when
contact is directly proportional to the normal reaction between them. one body is actually sliding over the surface of the other body is called
sliding friction. e.g. A flat block is moving over a horizontal table.
Fl  R or Fl   s R
(b) Rolling friction : When objects such as a wheel (disc or ring),
(ii) Direction of the force of limiting friction is always opposite to sphere or a cylinder rolls over a surface, the force of friction that comes
the direction in which one body is at the verge of moving over the other into play is called rolling friction.
(iii) Coefficient of static friction : (a)  s is called coefficient of  Rolling friction is directly proportional to the normal reaction (R)
static friction and is defined as the ratio of force of limiting friction and and inversely proportional to the radius (r) of the rolling cylinder or wheel.
F
normal reaction  s  Frolling   r
R
R r
(b) Dimension : [M 0 L0 T 0 ]
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Friction 229

 r is called coefficient of rolling friction. It would have the dimensions ma   s mg ). If there had been no friction between body and vehicle,
of length and would be measured in metre. the body will not move along with the vehicle.
 Rolling friction is often quite small as compared to the sliding
friction. That is why heavy loads are transported by placing them on carts a
with wheels. smg ma

 In rolling the surfaces at contact do not rub each other.

 The velocity of point of contact with respect to the surface
remains zero all the times although the centre of the wheel moves forward.
Fig. 5.5
Graph Between Applied Force and Force of Friction From these examples it is clear that without friction motion cannot
(1) Part OA of the curve represents static friction (Fs ) . Its value be started, stopped or transferred from one body to the other.
increases linearly with the applied force
Advantages and Disadvantages of Friction
(2) At point A the static friction is maximum. This represent
limiting friction (Fl ) . (1) Advantages of friction
A
(3) Beyond A, the force B C (i) Walking is possible due to friction.
Force of friction

of friction is seen to decrease

Fs (ii) Two body sticks together due to friction.
slightly. The portion BC of the
curve represents the kinetic Fl Fk
friction (Fk ) .
(4) As the portion BC O Applied force
of the curve is parallel to x-axis
therefore kinetic friction does Fig. 5.2
not change with the applied force, it remains constant, whatever be the
applied force.
Fig. 5.6 Fig. 5.7
Friction is a Cause of Motion (iii) Brake works on the basis of friction.
It is a general misconception that friction always opposes the motion. (iv) Writing is not possible without friction.
No doubt friction opposes the motion of a moving body but in many cases
it is also the cause of motion. For example : (v) The transfer of motion from one part of a machine to other part
(1) While moving, a person or vehicle pushes the ground backwards through belts is possible by friction.
(action) and the rough surface of ground reacts and exerts a forward force
due to friction which causes the motion. If there had been no friction there (2) Disadvantages of friction
will be slipping and no motion. (i) Friction always opposes the relative motion between any two
bodies in contact. Therefore extra energy has to be spent in over coming
friction. This reduces the efficiency of machine.
(ii) Friction causes wear and tear of the parts of machinery in
contact. Thus their lifetime reduces.
Friction
(iii) Frictional force result in the production of heat, which
(2) During cycling, the rear wheel moves by the force causes damage to the machinery.
communicated to itAction
by pedalling while front wheel moves by itself. So,
Fig. 5.3 Methods of Changing Friction
when pedalling a bicycle, the force exerted by rear wheel on ground
makes force of friction act on it in the forward direction (like We can reduce friction
walking). Front wheel moving by itself experience force of friction in
backward direction (like rolling of a ball). [However, if pedalling is (1) By polishing.
stopped both wheels move by themselves and so experience force of (2) By lubrication.
friction in backward direction]. (3) By proper selection of material.
(4) By streamlining the shape of the body.
(5) By using ball bearing.
Also we can increase friction by throwing some sand on slippery
ground. In the manufacturing of tyres, synthetic rubber is preferred
because its coefficient of friction with the road is larger.
While pedalling Pedalling is stoped
Angle of Friction
Fig. 5.4
(3) If a body is placed in a vehicle which is accelerating, the force Angle of friction may be defined as the angle which the resultant of
of friction is the cause of motion of the body along with the vehicle limiting friction and normal reaction makes with the normal reaction.
(i.e., the body will remain at rest in the accelerating vehicle until
S R

F P

mg
Fig. 5.8
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230 Friction
By definition angle  is called the angle of friction By resolving P in horizontal and vertical direction (as shown in
Fl figure) R
tan  
R P sin

Fl F P cos
 tan  =  s
[As we know  s ]
R

or   tan 1 ( L ) W
Fig. 5.11
Hence coefficient of static friction is equal to tangent of the angle of For the condition of equilibrium
friction.
F  P cos and R  W  P sin
Resultant Force Exerted by Surface on Block By substituting these value in F  R

In the above figure resultant force S  F 2  R 2 P cos   (W  P sin )

sin
S  (mg )2  (mg )2  P cos   (W  P sin ) [As   tan  ]
cos

S  mg  2  1 W sin
 P
cos (   )
when there is no friction (  0) S will be minimum
(2) Minimum pushing force P at an angle  from the horizontal
i.e. S = mg
P
Hence the range of S can be given by,

mg  S  mg  2  1

Angle of Repose By Resolving P in horizontal and vertical direction (as shown in the
figure) Fig. 5.12
Angle of repose is defined as the angle of the inclined plane with R
horizontal such that a body placed on it is just begins to slide.
By definition,  is called the angle of repose. F P cos

In limiting condition F  mg sin and R  mg cos

R P sin
F W
Fig. 5.13
For the condition of equilibrium
mg sin 
F  P cos and R  W  P sin

mg cos  By substituting these value in F  R
 mg
 P cos    (W  P sin )
F Fig. 5.9
So  tan  sin
R  P cos   (W  P sin ) [As   tan  ]
cos
F F
   s  tan   tan  [As we know   s  tan  ] W sin
R R  P
cos (   )
Thus the coefficient of limiting friction is equal to the tangent of
angle of repose. (3) Minimum pulling force P to move the body up on an inclined
As well as    i.e. angle of repose = angle of friction. plane P
Calculation of Required Force in Different Situation 

If W = weight of the body,  = angle of friction,

  tan   coefficient of friction
Then we can calculate required force for different situation in the 
following manner :
By Resolving P in the direction of the plane and perpendicular to the
Fig. 5.14
(1) Minimum pulling force P at an angle  from the horizontal plane (as shown in the figure)
P R + P sin
P cos


F + W sin

Fig. 5.10 
W cos
 W

Fig. 5.15
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Friction 231
For the condition of equilibrium
R  P sin  W cos 
 R  W cos   P sin and P cos  F  W sin
 F  W sin  P cos
For the condition of equilibrium By substituting these values in F  R and solving we get
R  P sin  W cos 
 sin(   ) 
P W 
 R  W cos   P sin and F  W sin  P cos  cos (   ) 
 F  P cos  W sin (6) Minimum force for motion along horizontal surface and its
direction P
By substituting these values in F  R and solving we get

W sin(   ) 
P
cos (   )
(4) Minimum force to move a body in downward direction along the surface
Fig. 5.20
of inclined plane Let the force P be applied at an angle  with the horizontal.
P By resolving P in horizontal and vertical direction (as shown in
figure)
 R + P sin

F P cos


Fig.the
By Resolving P in the direction of 5.16plane and perpendicular to the
mg
plane (as shown in the figure)
R + P sin Fig. 5.21
For vertical equilibrium
F
P cos R  P sin  mg
+
 R  mg  P sin …(i)
W sin
 and for horizontal motion
W cos
 W P cos  F

Fig. 5.17
i.e. P cos  R …(ii)
For the condition of equilibrium Substituting value of R from (i) in (ii)
R  P sin  W cos  P cos   (mg  P sin )
 R  W cos   P sin and F  P cos  W sin
 mg
By substituting these values in F  R and solving we get P …(iii)
cos    sin
W sin(   )
P For the force P to be minimum (cos   sin ) must be
cos (   ) maximum i.e.
(5) Minimum force to avoid sliding of a body down on an inclined d 2
plane [cos   sin ]  0 1
P d 

  sin   cos  0
 1
 tan   
Fig. 5.22
or   tan 1 ()  angle of friction

i.e. For minimum value of P its angle from the horizontal should be
equal to angle of friction
By Resolving P in the direction
Fig.of5.18
the plane and perpendicular to the

plane (as shown in the figure) As tan    so from the figure, sin 
1 2
R + P sin F + P cos
1
and cos  
1 2

W sin  W cos
By substituting these value in equation (iii)
 W

Fig. 5.19
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232 Friction

 mg  mg Work done = force  distance = F  s =  mg s

P 
1 2 1 2 It is clear that work done depends upon

1 2
1 2
R

mg P
 Pmin  F
1 2

Acceleration of a Block Against Friction s

mg
(1) Acceleration of a block on horizontal surface Fig. 5.27
(i) Weight of the body.
When body is moving under application of force P, then kinetic
friction opposes its motion. (ii) Material and nature of surface in contact.
Let a is the net acceleration of the body R (iii) Distance moved.
ma
From the figure Motion of Two Bodies one Resting on the Other
Fk P
ma  P  Fk When a body A of mass m is resting on a body B of mass M then
two conditions are possible
P  Fk
 a (1) A force F is applied to the upper body, (2) A force F is applied to
m mg the lower body
(2) Acceleration of a block sliding down over a rough inclined plane
Fig. 5.23
m A F
When angle of inclined plane is more than angle of repose, the body
placed on the inclined plane slides down with an acceleration a.
L
From the figure ma  mg sin  F R M B
F
ma
 ma  mg sin  R
Fig. 5.28
 ma  mg sin   mg cos We will discuss above two cases one by one in the following manner
 :
mg sin  mg cos
 Acceleration a  g [sin   cos  ]  mg (1) A force F is applied to the upper body, then following four
situations are possible
Note :  For frictionless inclined plane   0 Fig.
a  g sin .
5.24 (i) When there is no friction
(3) Retardation of a block sliding up over a rough inclined plane (a) The body A will move on body B with acceleration (F/m).
When angle of inclined plane is less than angle of repose, then for aA  F / m
the upward motion ma
R (b) The body B will remain at rest
ma  mg sin  F aB  0
ma  mg sin   mg cos (c) If L is the length of B as shown in figure, A will fall from B after
time t
mg sin  + F  mg cos
Retardation a  g [sin   cos ]  mg 2L 2mL  1 2 
t   As s  2 a t and a  F/m 
a F  
Note :  For frictionless inclined plane   0  a  g sin
Fig. 5.25
(ii) If friction is present between A and B only and applied force is less than
limiting friction (F < F)
l

Work done against friction (F = Applied force on the upper body, F = limiting friction between A and
l

(1) Work done over a rough inclined surface B, F = Kinetic friction between A and B)
k

If a body of mass m is moved up slowly on a rough inclined plane (a) The body A will not slide on body B till F  Fl i.e. F   s mg
through distance s, then (b) Combined system (m + M) will move together with common
Work done = force  distance F
acceleration a A  a B 
= ma  s = mg [sin +  cos ]s  mg s [sin   cos  ] M m
(iii) If friction is present between A and B only and applied force is greater
ma than limiting friction (F > F)
R l

In this condition the two bodies will move in the same direction ( i.e. of
applied force) but with different acceleration. Here force of kinetic friction
s  k mg will oppose the motion of A while cause the motion of B.

mg sin  + F  mg cos
 mg F  Fk  m a A Free body diagram of A

(2) Work done over a horizontalFig.

surface
5.26 maA

In the above expression if we put  = 0 then

A F

Fk
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Friction 233

F  Fk
(where F = Pseudo force on body A and F = limiting friction
l

i.e. aA  between body A and B)

m
(a) Both the body will move together with common acceleration
(F   k mg )
aA  F
m a
M m
Fk  M a B Free body diagram of B
(b) Pseudo force on the body A,
MaB
Fk mF
i.e. aB 
FK F   ma  and Fl   s mg
M mM
B
 k mg mF
 aB  (c) F   Fl    s mg  F   s (m  M ) g
M mM
So both bodies will move together with acceleration
Note :  As both the bodies are moving in the same direction.
a A  aB 
F
if F   s [m  M ] g
mM
Acceleration of body A relative to B will be
(iii) If friction is present between A and B only and F > F
MF  k mg (m  M ) l

a  a A  aB 
mM (where F =  mg = limiting friction between body A and B)
l s

So, A will fall from B after time Both the body will move with different acceleration. Here force of
2L 2 m ML kinetic friction k mg will oppose the motion of B while will cause the
t 
a MF  k mg (m  M ) motion of A.

(iv) If there is friction between B and floor

ma A   k mg Free body diagram of A
(where Fl    (M  m) g = limiting friction between B and floor, F k

= kinetic friction between A and B) i.e. aA  k g A maA

B will move only if Fk  Fl and then Fk  Fl  M aB Fk
MaB F  Fk  MaB Free body diagram of B
FK
MaB
B [F  k mg ]
i.e. aB  FK
Fl M F
Fig. 5.29 B
However if B does not move then static friction will work (not
limiting friction) between body B and the floor i.e. friction force = applied
force (= F ) not Fl .
k

Note :  As both the bodies are moving in the same direction

(2) A force F is applied to the lower body, then following four
situations are possible Acceleration of body A relative to B will be
(i) When there is no friction  F  k g(m  M ) 
(a) B will move with acceleration (F/M) while A will remain at rest a  a A  aB   
 M 
(relative to ground) as there is no pulling force on A.
Negative sign implies that relative to B, A will move backwards
F and will fall it after time
a B    and a A  0
M
2L 2 ML
(b) As relative to B, A will move backwards with acceleration (F/M) t 
a F  k g(m  M )
and so will fall from it in time t.
(iv) If there is friction between B and floor and F > F  : l

A m
(where F =  (m+M)g = limiting friction between body B and
l s

L F surface)
M B
The system will move only if F  Fl' ' then replacing F by F  Fl  .
The entire case (iii) will be valid.
Fig. 5.30
 t
2L

2 ML However if F  F1  the system will not move and friction between
a F B and floor will be F while between A and B is zero.
(ii) If friction is present between A and B only and F < F l
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234 Friction

Motion of an Insect in the Rough Bowl For m 2 T  m2 g …(i)

The insect crawl up the bowl, up to a certain height h only till the For m1 T  m1 g sin  F
component of its weight along the bowl is balanced by limiting frictional
force.  T  m1 g sin  R

r
O  T  m1 g sin  m1 g cos  …(ii)

Fl R From equation (i) and (ii) m 2  m1[sin   cos  ]
y

A this is the minimum value of m 2 to start the motion

mg sin h

mg cos
Note :  In the above condition Coefficient of friction
mg
Let m = mass of the insect, r =Fig. 5.31 of the bowl,  = coefficient of
radius  m2 
friction   tan  
 1
m cos  
for limiting condition at point A
R  mg cos  ......(i) and Fl  mg sin ......(ii) Maximum Length of Hung Chain
Dividing (ii) by (i) A uniform chain of length l is placed on the table in such a manner
that its l' part is hanging over the edge of table without sliding. Since the
F
tan   l   As Fl  R chain have uniform linear density therefore the ratio of mass and ratio of
R
length for any part of the chain will be equal.
r2  y 2 r m mass hanging from the table
  or y We know  2 
y 1  2 m1 mass lyingon the table
 For this case we can rewrite above expression in the following
    manner
1 1
So h  r  y  r 1  ,  h  r 1  
 1  2   1  2  length hanging from the table
     [As chain have uniform linear
length lyingon the table
Minimum Mass Hung from the String to Just ( l – l )
density]
Start the Motion l
 
(1) When a mass m placed on a rough horizontal plane Another mass
1 l  l l
m2 hung from the string connected by frictionless pulley, the tension l
by solving l 
(T) produced in string will try to start the motion of mass m1 . (  1)
Fig. 5.34
R Coefficient of Friction Between a Body and Wedge
T A body slides on a smooth wedge of angle  and its time of descent
Fl m1
is t.
T
m1g
S S

m2 Smooth wedge Rough wedge

At limiting condition T  Fl
 
 m 2 g  R  m 2Fig.  m1 g
g 5.32 m2g

 m 2  m1 this is the minimum value of m 2 to start the Fig. 5.35 Fig. 5.36
If the same wedge made rough then time taken by it to come down
motion. becomes n times more (i.e. nt)
The length of path in both the cases are same.
m2
Note :  In the above condition Coefficient of friction  
m1
1
For smooth wedge, S  u t  at2
2
(2) When a mass m placed on a rough inclined plane Another 1
S  (g sin ) t 2
1

mass m 2 hung from the string connected by frictionless pulley, the …(i)
2
tension (T) produced in string will try to start the motion of mass m 1 . [Asu  0 and a  g sin ]
1 2
T For rough wedge, S  u t  at
R 2
T 1
S  g (sin   cos  ) (nt)2 …(ii)
m1 2
m2
[Asu  0 and a  g (sin   cos  )]
m1g sin  + F  m1g cos m2g From equation (i) and (ii)
At limiting condition
m1g
Fig. 5.33
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Friction 235

1
(g sin ) t 2 =
1
g (sin   cos  ) (nt)2 P2
 FS  [Where P = momentum of block]
2 2 2m
 sin  (sin   cos  ) n 2 P2
 mg  S  [As F =  mg]
 1  2m
   tan  1  2 
 n  P2
 S 
Stopping of Block Due to Friction 2 m 2 g

(1) On horizontal road In the given condition P and  are same for both the blocks.
(i) Distance travelled before coming to rest : A block of mass m is 2
1 S m 
moving initially with velocity u on a rough surface and due to friction, it So, S  ;  1  2
comes to rest after covering a distance S. m2 S 2  m1 
S
v=0 Velocity at the Bottom of Rough Wedge
u
A body of mass m which is placed at the top of the wedge (of height
Fig. 5.37 h) starts moving downward on a rough inclined plane.
Retarding force F  ma  R  ma   mg Loss of energy due to friction = FL (Work against friction)
 a  g PE at point A = mgh u=0
From v 2  u 2  2aS  0  u 2  2  g S A
m
1 L
[As v  0, a  g] KE at point B = mu 2
2 h
u2 P2
 S or S  m B
2 g 2 m 2 g
By the law of conservation ofvenergy
[As momentum P = mu] Fig. 5.40
(ii) Time taken to come to rest 1
From equation v  u  a t  0  u   g t
i.e. mv 2  mgh  FL
2
[Asv  0, a   g]
2
u v (mgh  FL)
 t m
g
(2) On inclined road : When block starts with velocity u its kinetic Sticking of a Block With Accelerated Cart
energy will be converted into potential energy and some part of it goes When a cart moves with some acceleration toward right then a
against friction and after travelling distance S it comes to rest i.e. v = 0. pseudo force (ma) acts on block toward left.
We know that retardation a  g [sin   cos  ] This force (ma) is action force by a block on cart.
By substituting the value of v and a in the following equation a
F
v=0
ma m F M
S R m
CART
u
mg
v 2  u 2  2a S 
Fig. 5.41
Fig. 5.38 Now block will remain static w.r.t. cart. If friction force R  mg
 0  u 2  2 g [sin   cos  ] S
 ma  mg [As R  ma]
2
u
 S  a
g
2 g (sin   cos  ) 
Stopping of Two Blocks Due to Friction g
 amin 
When two masses compressed towards each other and suddenly 
released then energy acquired by each block will be dissipated against This is the minimum acceleration of the cart so that block does not
friction and finally block comes to rest fall.
i.e., F × S = E [Where F = Friction, S = Distance covered and the minimum force to hold the block together
by block, E = Initial kinetic energy of the block] Fmin  (M  m) amin
A B g
Fmin  (M  m )
m1 m1 m2 m2 
Sticking of a Person with the Wall of Rotor
S1 S2
Fig. 5.39
 Jobscaptain.com

236 Friction
A person with a mass m stands in contact against the wall of a (a) Less than W (b) Equal to W
cylindrical drum (rotor). The coefficient of friction between the wall and the (c) Greater than W (d) Data is insufficient
clothing is .
4. The maximum static frictional force is
If Rotor starts rotating about its axis, then person thrown away from (a) Equal to twice the area of surface in contact
the centre due to centrifugal force at a particular speed  , the person
(b) Independent of the area of surface in contact
stuck to the wall even the floor is removed, because friction force balances
its weight in this condition. (c) Equal to the area of surface in contact
From the figure. (d) None of the above
5. Maximum value of static friction is called
Friction force (F) = weight of person (mg)
[BHU 1995; RPET 2000]
 R = mg   Fc  mg F (a) Limiting friction (b) Rolling friction
[Here, F = centrifugal force] R
c
FC (c) Normal reaction (d) Coefficient of friction
 m min
2
r  mg mg 6. Pulling force making an angle  to the horizontal is applied on a
block of weight W placed on a horizontal table. If the angle of
g friction is  , then the magnitude of force required to move the
  min  Fig. 5.42
r body is equal to [EAMCET 1987]

W sin W cos 
(a) (b)
g tan(   ) cos(   )

W sin W tan 
(c) (d)
cos(   ) sin(   )
7. In the figure shown, a block of weight 10 N resting on a horizontal
 Force of friction is non-conservative force. surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the
 Force of friction always acts in a direction opposite to that of the surface s  0.4 . A force of 3.5 N will keep the block in uniform
relative motion between the surfaces. motion, once it has been set in motion. A horizontal force of 3 N is
applied to the block, then the block will
 Rolling friction is much less than the sliding friction. This
knowledge was used by man to invent the wheels.
T
 The friction between two surfaces increases (rather than to
decrease), when the surfaces are made highly smooth.

 The atomic and molecular forces of attraction between the two (a) Move over the surface with constant velocity
surfaces at the point of contact give rise to friction between the surfaces. (b) Move having accelerated motion over the surface
(c) Not move
(d) First it will move with a constant velocity for some time and
then will have accelerated motion
8. Two masses A and B of 10 kg and 5 kg respectively are connected
with a string passing over a frictionless pulley fixed at the corner of
a table as shown. The coefficient of static friction of A with table is
Static and limiting friction 0.2. The minimum mass of C that may be placed on A to prevent it
from moving is
1. The coefficient of friction  and the angle of friction  are related
as [MP PET 1984]
C
(a) sin    (b) cos   
(a) 15 kg
A
(c) tan    (d) tan    (b) 10 kg
2. A force of 98 N is required to just start moving a body of mass 100
(c) 5 kg B
kg over ice. The coefficient of static friction is
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.4 (d) 12 kg
(c) 0.2 (d) 0.1 9. The limiting friction is
3. A block weighs W is held against a vertical wall by applying a (a) Always greater than the dynamic friction
horizontal force F. The minimum value of F needed to hold the
block is [MP PMT 1993] (b) Always less than the dynamic friction
 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 237
(c) Equal to the dynamic friction
(d) Sometimes greater and sometimes less than the dynamic
friction
10. Which is a suitable method to decrease friction
(a) Ball and bearings (b) Lubrication
(c) Polishing (d) All the above
 Jobscaptain.com

238 Friction
[MP PET 1994]
11. A uniform rope of length l lies on a table. If the coefficient

of friction is  , then the maximum length l1 of the part of

A
this rope which can overhang from the edge of the table
(a) 2 kg
without sliding down is [DPMT 2001] B
(b) 0.2 kg
l l
(a) (b)
  l (c) 5 kg

l l (d) 10 kg
(c) (d)
1  1
16. Work done by a frictional force is
12. Which of the following statements is not true
(a) Negative (b) Positive
[CMC Vellore 1989]
(c) Zero (d) All of the above
(a) The coefficient of friction between two surfaces

increases as the surface in contact are made rough 17. A uniform chain of length L changes partly from a table
which is kept in equilibrium by friction. The maximum
(b) The force of friction acts in a direction opposite to the
length that can withstand without slipping is l, then
applied force coefficient of friction between the table and the chain is

(c) Rolling friction is greater than sliding friction [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995]

l l
(d) The coefficient of friction between wood and wood is (a) (b)
L Ll
less than 1 (c)
l
(d)
L
L l Ll
13. A block of 1 kg is stopped against a wall by applying a 18. When two surfaces are coated with a lubricant, then they
force F perpendicular to the wall. If   0.2 then [AFMC 1998, 99; AIIMS 2001]
minimum value of F will be [MP PMT 2003]
(a) Stick to each other (b) Slide upon each other

(a) 980 N (b) 49 N (c) Roll upon each other (d) None of these

(c) 98 N (d) 490 N 19. A 20 kg block is initially at rest on a rough horizontal

surface. A horizontal force of 75 N is required to set the
14. A heavy uniform chain lies on a horizontal table-top. If the
block in motion. After it is in motion, a horizontal force of
coefficient of friction between the chain and table surface
60 N is required to keep the block moving with constant
is 0.25, then the maximum fraction of length of the chain,
speed. The coefficient of static friction is [AMU 1999]
that can hang over one edge of the table is[CBSE PMT 1990]
(a) 0.38 (b) 0.44
(a) 20% (b) 25%
(c) 0.52 (d) 0.60

(c) 35% (d) 15% 20. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting on another block B

15. The blocks A and B are arranged as shown in the figure. of mass 200 kg. As shown in figure a horizontal rope tied
to a wall holds it. The coefficient of friction between A
The pulley is frictionless. The mass of A is 10 kg. The
and B is 0.2 while coefficient of friction between B and the
coefficient of friction of A with the horizontal surface is
ground is 0.3. The minimum required force F to start
0.20. The minimum mass of B to start the motion will be
moving B will be
A

B F
 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 239
[RPET 1999] (c) 35 N (d) 25 N

(a) 900 N 26. A body of mass 2 kg is kept by pressing to a vertical wall

(b) 100 N by a force of 100 N. The coefficient of friction between

wall and body is 0.3. Then the frictional force is equal to
(c) 1100 N
[Orissa JEE 2003]
(d) 1200 N
(a) 6 N (b) 20 N
21. To avoid slipping while walking on ice, one should take
smaller steps because of the [BHU 1999; BCECE 2004] (c) 600 N (d) 700 N

(a) Friction of ice is large 27. A horizontal force of 10 N is necessary to just hold a
block stationary against a wall. The coefficient of friction
(b) Larger normal reaction
between the block and the wall is 0.2. the weight of the
(c) Friction of ice is small
block is
(d) Smaller normal reaction
[AIEEE 2003]
22. A box is lying on an inclined plane what is the coefficient
(a) 2 N
of static friction if the box starts sliding when an angle of
10 N
inclination is 60o [KCET 2000] (b) 20 N

(a) 1.173 (b) 1.732 (c) 50 N

(c) 2.732 (d) 1.677
(d) 100 N
23. A block of mass 2 kg is kept on the floor. The coefficient
28. The coefficient of static friction,  s , between block A of
of static friction is 0.4. If a force F of 2.5 Newtons is
mass 2 kg and the table as shown in the figure is 0.2.
applied on the block as shown in the figure, the frictional
What would be the maximum mass value of block B so
force between the block and the floor will be [MP PET 2000]
that the two blocks do not move? The string and the
(a) 2.5 N
pulley are assumed to be smooth and massless.
(b) 5 N F (g  10 m / s 2 )
(c) 7.84 N
[CBSE PMT 2004]
2 kg
(d) 10 N
A
24. Which one of the following is not used to reduce friction
(a) 2.0 kg
[Kerala (Engg.) 2001] B
(b) 4.0 kg
(a) Oil (b) Ball bearings
(c) 0.2 kg
(c) Sand (d) Graphite
(d) 0.4 kg
25. If a ladder weighing 250N is placed against a smooth
vertical wall having coefficient of friction between it and 29. If mass of A  10 kg , coefficient of static friction = 0.2,
floor is 0.3, then what is the maximum force of friction coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.2. Then mass of B to start
available at the point of contact between the ladder and motion is 10 kg [Orissa PMT 2004]

the floor [AIIMS 2002] A

(a) 75 N (b) 50 N
(a) 2 kg B
 Jobscaptain.com

240 Friction
(b) 2.2 kg (c)  Rg (d) Rg

(c) 4.8 kg 3. A car is moving along a straight horizontal road with a

speed v 0 . If the coefficient of friction between the tyres
(d) 200 gm
and the road is  , the shortest distance in which the car
30. A uniform metal chain is placed on a rough table such
can be stopped is [MP PET 1985; BHU 2002]
that one end of chain hangs down over the edge of the
v 02 v0
table. When one-third of its length hangs over the edge, (a) (b)
2 g g
the chain starts sliding. Then, the coefficient of static 2
v  v0
(c)  0  (d)
friction is  g  
[Kerala PET 2005] 4. A block of mass 5 kg is on a rough horizontal surface and
3 1
(a) (b) is at rest. Now a force of 24 N is imparted to it with
4 4
negligible impulse. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.4
2 1
(c) (d)
3 2 and g  9.8 m / s 2 , then the acceleration of the block is
31. A lift is moving downwards with an acceleration equal to (a) 0.26 m / s 2 (b) 0.39 m / s 2
acceleration due to gravity. A body of mass m kept on the (c) 0.69 m / s 2 (d) 0.88 m / s 2
floor of the lift is pulled horizontally. If the coefficient of
5. A body of mass 2 kg is being dragged with uniform
friction is , then the frictional resistance offered by the
velocity of 2 m/s on a rough horizontal plane. The
body is [DPMT 2004]
coefficient of friction between the body and the surface is
(a) mg (b) mg 0.20. The amount of heat generated in 5 sec is
(c) 2 mg (d) Zero
(J  4.2 joule / cal and g  9.8 m / s 2 )
32. If a ladder weighing 250 N is placed against a smooth
[MH CET (Med.) 2001]
vertical wall having coefficient of friction between it and
(a) 9.33 cal (b) 10.21 cal
floor is 0.3, then what is the maximum force of friction
available at the point of contact between the ladder and (c) 12.67 cal (d) 13.34 cal

the floor [BHU 2004] 6. Two carts of masses 200 kg and 300 kg on horizontal
(a) 75 N (b) 50 N rails are pushed apart. Suppose the coefficient of friction
(c) 35 N (d) 25 N between the carts and the rails are same. If the 200 kg
cart travels a distance of 36 m and stops, then the
Kinetic Friction distance travelled by the cart weighing 300 kg is

1. Which one of the following statements is correct [CPMT 1989; DPMT 2002]

(a) Rolling friction is greater than sliding friction

A B
(b) Rolling friction is less than sliding friction

(c) Rolling friction is equal to sliding friction

(d) Rolling friction and sliding friction are same
2. The maximum speed that can be achieved without (a) 32 m (b) 24 m

skidding by a car on a circular unbanked road of radius R (c) 16 m (d) 12 m

and coefficient of static friction  , is 7. [NCERT 1990]
A body B lies on a smooth horizontal table and another
(a) Rg (b) Rg  body A is placed on B. The coefficient of friction between
 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 241

A and B is  . What acceleration given to B will cause angle of 30° to the upward drawn vertical which causes
slipping to occur between A and B the block to just slide is [ISM Dhanbad 1994]

(a) g (b) g /  (a) 29.43 N (b) 219.6 N

(c)  / g (d) g (c) 21.96 N (d) 294.3 N

8. A 60 kg body is pushed with just enough force to start it 13. A body of 10 kg is acted by a force of 129.4 N if

moving across a floor and the same force continues to act g  9.8 m / sec 2 . The acceleration of the block is

afterwards. The coefficient of static friction and sliding 10 m / s 2 . What is the coefficient of kinetic friction[EAMCET 1994]

friction are 0.5 and 0.4 respectively. The acceleration of (a) 0.03 (b) 0.01
the body is (c) 0.30 (d) 0.25
(a) 6 m / s 2
(b) 4.9 m / s 2
14. Assuming the coefficient of friction between the road and

(c) 3.92 m / s 2
(d) 1 m / s 2 tyres of a car to be 0.5, the maximum speed with which
the car can move round a curve of 40.0 m radius without
9. A car turns a corner on a slippery road at a constant
slipping, if the road is unbanked, should be [AMU 1995]
speed of 10 m / s . If the coefficient of friction is 0.5, the
minimum radius of the arc in meter in which the car turns (a) 25 m/s (b) 19 m/s

is (c) 14 m/s (d) 11 m/s

(a) 20 (b) 10 15. Consider a car moving along a straight horizontal road
with a speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient of kinetic friction
(c) 5 (d) 4
between the tyres and the road is 0.5, the shortest
10. A motorcyclist of mass m is to negotiate a curve of radius
distance in which the car can be stopped is [g  10 ms 2 ]
r with a speed v. The minimum value of the coefficient of
[CBSE PMT 1992]
friction so that this negotiation may take place safely, is
(a) 30 m (b) 40 m
[Haryana CEE 1996]
(c) 72 m (d) 20 m
v2
(a) v 2rg (b)
gr 16. A 500 kg horse pulls a cart of mass 1500 kg along a level

gr g road with an acceleration of 1 ms 2 . If the coefficient of

(c) (d)
v2 v 2r sliding friction is 0.2, then the force exerted by the horse
11. On a rough horizontal surface, a body of mass 2 kg is in forward direction is [SCRA 1998]
given a velocity of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of friction is
(a) 3000 N (b) 4000 N
0.2 and g  10 m / s 2 , the body will stop after covering a
(c) 5000 N (d) 6000 N
distance of
17. The maximum speed of a car on a road turn of radius
[MP PMT 1999]
30m; if the coefficient of friction between the tyres and the
(a) 10 m (b) 25 m
road is 0.4; will be [MH CET (Med.) 1999]
(c) 50 m (d) 250 m
(a) 9.84 m/s (b) 10.84 m/s
12. A block of mass 50 kg can slide on a rough horizontal
(c) 7.84 m/s (d) 5.84 m/s
surface. The coefficient of friction between the block and
the surface is 0.6. The least force of pull acting at an
 Jobscaptain.com

242 Friction
18. A block of mass 50 kg slides over a horizontal distance of horizontal force of 100 N is acting on it, then acceleration
1 m. If the coefficient of friction between their surfaces is of the block will be [AIIMS 2002]

0.2, then work done against friction is (a) 0.5 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2
[BHU 2001; CBSE PMT 1999, 2000; AIIMS 2000] (c) 10 m/s2 (d) 15 m/s2
(a) 98 J (b) 72J 24. It is easier to roll a barrel than pull it along the road. This
(c) 56 J (d) 34 J statement is [BVP 2003]

19. On the horizontal surface of a truck (  = 0.6), a block of (a) False (b) True
mass 1 kg is placed. If the truck is accelerating at the (c) Uncertain (d) Not possible
rate of 5m/sec then frictional force on the block will be
2
25. A marble block of mass 2 kg lying on ice when given a
[CBSE PMT 2001]
velocity of 6 m/s is stopped by friction in 10s. Then the
(a) 5 N (b) 6 N coefficient of friction is [AIEEE 2003]

(c) 5.88 N (d) 8 N (a) 0.01 (b) 0.02

20. A vehicle of mass m is moving on a rough horizontal road (c) 0.03 (d) 0.06
with momentum P. If the coefficient of friction between the
26. A horizontal force of 129.4 N is applied on a 10 kg block
tyres and the road be , then the stopping distance is
which rests on a horizontal surface. If the coefficient of
[CBSE PMT 2001] friction is 0.3, the acceleration should be
2
P P (a) 9.8 m / s 2 (b) 10 m / s 2
(a) (b)
2 m g 2 m g
(c) 12.6 m / s 2 (d) 19.6 m / s 2
P P2
(c) (d)
2 m 2 g 2 m 2 g 27. A 60 kg weight is dragged on a horizontal surface by a

21. A body of weight 64 N is pushed with just enough force to rope upto 2 metres. If coefficient of friction is   0.5 , the

start it moving across a horizontal floor and the same force angle of rope with the surface is 60° and g  9.8 m / sec 2 ,

continues to act afterwards. If the coefficients of static and then work done is [MP PET 1995]

dynamic friction are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively, the (a) 294 joules (b) 315 joules
acceleration of the body will be (Acceleration due to gravity
(c) 588 joules (d) 197 joules
= g)
28. A car having a mass of 1000 kg is moving at a speed of
[EAMCET 2001]
30 metres/sec. Brakes are applied to bring the car to rest.
g
(a) (b) 0.64 g
6 .4 If the frictional force between the tyres and the road

g surface is 5000 newtons, the car will come to rest in [MP PMT 1995]
(c) (d) 0.2 g
32
(a) 5 seconds (b) 10 seconds
22. When a body is moving on a surface, the force of friction
(c) 12 seconds (d) 6 seconds
is called [MP PET 2002]

(a) Static friction (b) Dynamic friction 29. If  s , k and r are coefficients of static friction, sliding
friction and rolling friction, then [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995]
(c) Limiting friction (d) Rolling friction

23. A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a rough horizontal (a) s  k  r (b) k  r  s

surface having coefficient of friction  = 0.5. If a (c) r  k  s (d) r  k  s

 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 243

30. A body of mass 5kg rests on a rough horizontal surface of (c) 0.6 (d) 0.8
coefficient of friction 0.2. The body is pulled through a
35. Consider a car moving on a straight road with a speed of
distance of 10m by a horizontal force of 25 N. The kinetic
100 m/s. The distance at which car can be stopped is
energy acquired by it is (g = 10 ms2) [k  0.5] [AIEEE 2005]

[EAMCET (Med.) 2000]

(a) 100 m (b) 400 m
(a) 330 J (b) 150 J
(c) 800 m (d) 1000 m
(c) 100 J (d) 50 J
36. A cylinder of 10 kg is sliding in a plane with an initial
31. A motorcycle is travelling on a curved track of radius 500m. velocity of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of friction between the
If the coefficient of friction between road and tyres is 0.5, surface and cylinder is 0.5 then before stopping, it will
the speed avoiding skidding will be [MHcover.
CET (Med.) 2001]
(g  10 m / s2) [Pb. PMT 2004]

(a) 50 m/s (b) 75 m/s (a) 2.5 m (b) 5 m

(c) 25 m/s (d) 35 m/s (c) 7.5 m (d) 10 m

32. A fireman of mass 60 kg slides down a pole. He is

Motion on Inclined Surface
pressing the pole with a force of 600 N. The coefficient of
friction between the hands and the pole is 0.5, with what 1. When a body is lying on a rough inclined plane and does
acceleration will the fireman slide down (g = 10 m/s2) not move, the force of friction

[Pb. PMT 2002] (a) is equal to R (b) is less than R

(a) 1 m/s2 (b) 2.5 m/s2 (c) is greater than R (d) is equal to R

(c) 10 m/s2 (d) 5 m/s2 2. When a body is placed on a rough plane inclined at an

33. A block of mass M  5 kg is resting on a rough horizontal angle  to the horizontal, its acceleration is

surface for which the coefficient of friction is 0.2. When a (a) g(sin  cos  ) (b) g(sin   cos )
force F  40 N is applied, the acceleration of the block
(c) g( sin 1  cos  ) (d) g(sin  cos  )
will be (g  10 m / s 2 ) [MP PMT 2004]
3. A block is at rest on an inclined plane making an angle 
(a) 5.73 m / sec 2
F with the horizontal. As the angle  of the incline is
(b) 8.0 m / sec 2 30° increased, the block starts slipping when the angle of
M inclination becomes  . The coefficient of static friction
(c) 3.17 m / sec 2
between the block and the surface of the inclined plane is
(d) 10.0 m / sec 2
or
34. A body is moving along a rough horizontal surface with an
A body starts sliding down at an angle  to horizontal.
initial velocity 6 m / s. If the body comes to rest after
Then coefficient of friction is equal to [CBSE PMT 1993]
travelling 9 m, then the coefficient of sliding friction will be
(a) sin (b) cos 

(c) tan  (d) Independent of 

[BCECE 2004]
4. A given object takes n times as much time to slide down a
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.2
45° rough incline as it takes to slide down a perfectly
 Jobscaptain.com

244 Friction
smooth 45° incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction 0.4 and 0.3 respectively, then the frictional force acting on
between the object and the incline is given by the 1999;
[RPET block AMU
is 2000] [SCRA 1994]

 1  1 (a) 750 N (b) 500 N

(a)  1  2  (b)
 n  1  n2
(c) 345 N (d) 250 N
 1  1
(c) 1  2  (d) 10. A block is lying on an inclined plane which makes 60°
 n  1  n2
with the horizontal. If coefficient of friction between block
5. The force required just to move a body up an inclined and plane is 0.25 and g  10 m / s 2 , then acceleration of
plane is double the force required just to prevent the body
the block when it moves along the plane will be[RPET 1997]
sliding down. If the coefficient of friction is 0.25, the angle
(a) 2.50 m / s 2 (b) 5.00 m / s 2
of inclination of the plane is
(c) 7.4 m / s 2 (d) 8.66 m / s 2
(a) 36.8° (b) 45°
11. A body of mass 100 g is sliding from an inclined plane of
(c) 30° (d) 42.6°
inclination 30°. What is the frictional force experienced if
6. Starting from rest, a body slides down a 45° inclined
  1.7 [BHU 1998]
plane in twice the time it takes to slide down the same
1 1
(a) 1 .7  2  N (b) 1 .7  3  N
distance in the absence of friction. The coefficient of 3 2
friction between the body and the inclined plane is [CBSE PMT 1990]
1
(c) 1.7  3 N (d) 1 .7  2  N
(a) 0.33 (b) 0.25 3

12. A body takes just twice the time as long to slide down a
(c) 0.75 (d) 0.80
plane inclined at 30o to the horizontal as if the plane were
7. The coefficient of friction between a body and the surface
frictionless. The coefficient of friction between the body
of an inclined plane at 45° is 0.5. If g  9.8 m / s 2 , the
and the plane is [JIPMER 1999]
acceleration of the body downwards in m / s 2 is
3
(a) (b) 3
[EAMCET 1994] 4
4 .9 4 3
(a) (b) 4.9 2 (c) (d)
2 3 4
13. A brick of mass 2 kg begins to slide down on a plane
(c) 19.6 2 (d) 4.9
inclined at an angle of 45o with the horizontal. The force
8. A box is placed on an inclined plane and has to be
of friction will be [CPMT 2000]
pushed down. The angle of inclination is [EAMCET 1994]
(a) 19.6 sin 45o (b) 19.6 cos 45o
(a) Equal to angle of friction
(c) 9.8 sin 45o (d) 9.8 cos 45o
(b) More than angle of friction
14. The upper half of an inclined plane of inclination  is
(c) Equal to angle of repose perfectly smooth while the lower half is rough. A body

(d) Less than angle of repose starting from the rest at top comes back to rest at the
bottom if the coefficient of friction for the lower half is
9. A force of 750 N is applied to a block of mass 102 kg to
given by
prevent it from sliding on a plane with an inclination angle
[Pb. PMT 2000]
30° with the horizontal. If the coefficients of static friction
and kinetic friction between the block and the plane are (a)  = sin  (b)  = cot 

(c)  = 2 cos  (d)  = 2 tan 

 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 245

15. A body is sliding down an inclined plane having (c) 300 J (d) Zero
coefficient of friction 0.5. If the normal reaction is twice 21. A 2 kg mass starts from rest on an inclined smooth
that of the resultant downward force along the incline, the surface with inclination 30o and length 2 m. How much
angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal is will it travel before coming to rest on a frictional surface
[EAMCET (Engg.) 2000] with frictional coefficient of 0.25 [

(a) 15o (b) 30 o (a) 4 m (b) 6 m

(c) 45 o (d) 60 o (c) 8 m (d) 2 m
16. A body of mass 10 kg is lying on a rough plane inclined at 22. A block rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle
an angle of 30o to the horizontal and the coefficient of of 30 o with the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction
friction is 0.5. the minimum force required to pull the between the block and the plane is 0.8. If the frictional
body up the plane is [JIPMER 2000] force on the block is 10 N, the mass of the block (in kg) is
(a) 914 N (b) 91.4 N (take g  10 m / s 2 ) [AIEEE 2004]

(c) 9.14 N (d) 0.914 N (a) 2.0 (b) 4.0

17. A block of mass 1 kg slides down on a rough inclined (c) 1.6 (d) 2.5
plane of inclination 60o starting from its top. If the 23. A body takes time t to reach the bottom of an inclined
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.5 and length of the plane plane of angle  with the horizontal. If the plane is made
is 1 m, then work done against friction is (Take g = 9.8 rough, time taken now is 2t. The coefficient of friction of
m/s 2)
the rough surface is
[AFMC 2000; KCET 2001] 3 2
(a) tan  (b) tan 
(a) 9.82 J (b) 4.94 J 4 3
1 1
(c) 2.45J (d) 1.96 J (c) tan  (d) tan 
4 2
18. A block of mass 10 kg is placed on an inclined plane. 24. A block is kept on an inclined plane of inclination  of
When the angle of inclination is 30o, the block just begins to length l. The velocity of particle at the bottom of inclined
slide down the plane. The force of static friction is is (the coefficient of friction is )
[Kerala (Engg.) 2001]
(a) 2 gl( cos  sin ) (b) 2 gl(sin   cos  )
(a) 10 kg wt (b) 89 kg w
(c) 2 gl(sin   cos  ) (d) 2 gl(cos    sin )
(c) 49 kg wt (d) 5 kg wt

19. A body of 5 kg weight kept on a rough inclined plane of

angle 30o starts sliding with a constant velocity. Then the
coefficient of friction is (assume g = 10 m/s2) [JIPMER 2002]

(a) 1 / 3 (b) 2 / 3

(c) 3 (d) 2 3
1. A block of mass m lying on a rough horizontal plane is
20. 300 Joule of work is done in sliding up a 2 kg block on an acted upon by a horizontal force P and another force Q
inclined plane to a height of 10 metres. Taking value of inclined at an angle  to the vertical. The block will
acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ to be 10 m/s 2, work done remain in equilibrium, if the coefficient of friction between
against friction is [MP PMT 2002] it and the surface is [Haryana CEE 1996]
(a) 100 J (b) 200 J
 Jobscaptain.com

246 Friction
(P  Q sin )
(a)
(mg  Q cos  )
(P cos   Q) 
(b) Q (a) 20 N (b) 10 N
(mg  Q sin )
(P  Q cos  ) M (c) 12 N (d) 15 N
P
(c)
(mg  Q sin )
6. A block P of mass m is placed on a frictionless horizontal
(P sin  Q)
(d)
(mg  Q cos  ) surface. Another block Q of same mass is kept on P and

2. Which of the following is correct, when a person walks on connected to the wall with the help of a spring of spring

a rough surface [IIT 1981] constant k as shown in the figure.  s is the coefficient of
friction between P and Q. The blocks move together
(a) The frictional force exerted by the surface keeps him
performing SHM of amplitude A. The maximum value of
moving
the friction force between P and Q is
(b) The force which the man exerts on the floor keeps
[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2004]
him moving

(c) The reaction of the force which the man exerts on

floor keeps him moving (a) kA

(d) None of the above kA
(b) Q
2
3. A block of mass 0.1 kg is held against a wall by applying Smooth P
(c) Zero surface
a horizontal force of 5 N on the block. If the coefficient of
(d)  s mg
friction between the block and the wall is 0.5, the
magnitude of the frictional force acting on the block is[IIT 1994] 7. A body of mass m rests on horizontal surface. The
coefficient of friction between the body and the surface is
(a) 2.5 N (b) 0.98 N
. If the mass is pulled by a force P as shown in the
(c) 4.9 N (d) 0.49 N
figure, the limiting friction between body and surface will
4. A body of mass M is kept on a rough horizontal surface be
(friction coefficient  ). A person is trying to pull the body [BHU 2004]

by applying a horizontal force but the body is not moving. (a) mg
The force by the surface on the body is F, where   P 
(b)  mg   
  2  P
[MP PET 1997] 30°
  P  m
(a) F  Mg (b) F  Mgf (c)  mg   
  2 

(c) Mg  F  Mg 1   2 (d) Mg  F  Mg 1   2   3 P 
(d)  mg   
  2 
5. What is the maximum value of the force F such that the  

block shown in the arrangement, does not move 8. A 40 kg slab rests on a frictionless floor as shown in the
figure. A 10 kg block rests on the top of the slab. The
[IIT-JEE Screening 2003]
static coefficient of friction between the block and slab is
F 
1
0.60 while the kinetic friction is 0.40. The 10 kg block is
2 3
acted upon by a horizontal force 100 N. If g  9.8 m / s 2 ,
60°
m=3kg the resulting acceleration of the slab will be [NCERT 1982]
 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 247

(a) 0.98 m / s 2
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct
100 N A
10 kg option out of the options given below:
(b) 1.47 m / s 2
40 kg B
(c) 1.52 m / s 2 (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is
(d) 6.1 m / s 2 the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
9. A block of mass 2 kg rests on a rough inclined plane
correct explanation of the assertion.
making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The coefficient
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
of static friction between the block and the plane is 0.7.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
The frictional force on the block is [IIT 1980; J & K CET 2004]
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
(a) 9.8 N

(b) 0.7  9.8  3 N 1. Assertion : On a rainy day, it is difficult to drive a car or

(c) 9.8  3 N bus at high speed.

(d) 0.8  9.8 N Reason : The value of coefficient of friction is lowered

10. When a bicycle is in motion, the force of friction exerted due to wetting of the surface.
by the ground on the two wheels is such that it acts
2. Assertion : When a bicycle is in motion, the force of
[IIT 1990; Manipal MEE 1995; MP PET 1996]
friction exerted by the ground on the two
(a) In the backward direction on the front wheel and in
wheels is always in forward direction.
the forward direction on the rear wheel
Reason : The frictional force acts only when the
(b) In the forward direction on the front wheel and in the
bodies are in contact.
backward direction on the rear wheel

(c) In the backward direction on both front and the rear 3. Assertion : Pulling a lawn roller is easier than pushing
wheels it.
(d) In the forward direction on both front and the rear
Reason : Pushing increases the apparent weight and
wheels
hence the force of friction.
11. An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very slowly
4. Assertion : Angle of repose is equal to angle of limiting
(see the figure). The coefficient of friction between the
friction.
insect and the surface is 1/3. If the line joining the centre
of the hemispherical surface to the insect makes an angle Reason : When the body is just at the point of
 with the vertical, the maximum possible value of  is motion, the force of friction in this stage is

given by [IIT-JEE 2001] called as limiting friction.

(a) cot   3 5. Assertion : Two bodies of masses M and m (M > m)


(b) tan   3 are allowed to fall from the same height if
(c) sec   3 the air resistance for each be the same
(d) cosec   3 then both the bodies will reach the earth
simultaneously.

Reason : For same air resistance, acceleration of

both the bodies will be same.

6. Assertion : Friction is a self adjusting force.

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248 Friction
Reason : Friction does not depend upon mass of the 1 b 2 b 3 c 4 a 5 a

body. 6 c 7 a 8 d 9 d 10 c

11 b 12 a 13 a 14 d 15 c
7. Assertion : The value of dynamic friction is less than
16 b 17 c 18 d 19 a 20 a
the limiting friction.
21 a 22 a 23 a 24 b
Reason : Once the motion has started, the inertia of
rest has been overcome.
Critical Thinking Questions
8. Assertion : The acceleration of a body down a rough
inclined plane is greater than the 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a

acceleration due to gravity. 6 b 7 c 8 a 9 a 10 ac

11 a
Reason : The body is able to slide on a inclined plane
only when its acceleration is greater than
Assertion & Reason
acceleration due to gravity.

1 a 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 d

6 d 7 a 8 d

Static and Limiting Friction

1 c 2 d 3 c 4 b 5 a
6 c 7 c 8 a 9 a 10 d
11 c 12 c 13 b 14 a 15 a
16 d 17 c 18 b 19 a 20 c
21 c 22 b 23 a 24 c 25 a
26 b 27 a 28 d 29 a 30 d
31 d 32 a

Kinetic Friction

1 b 2 d 3 a 4 d 5 a
6 c 7 a 8 d 9 a 10 b
11 b 12 d 13 c 14 c 15 b
16 d 17 b 18 a 19 a 20 d
21 d 22 b 23 b 24 b 25 d
26 b 27 b 28 d 29 c 30 b
31 a 32 d 33 a 34 b 35 d
36 d

Motion on Inclined Surface

 Jobscaptain.com

246 Friction
18. (b) Surfaces always slide over each other.
Fl 75 75
19. (a) Coefficient of friction  s     0.38
R mg 20  9.8
20. (c)

fAB A
Static and Limiting Friction
fBG B F
Ground
1. (c)
F  f AB  fBG
F F 98 1
2. (d)      0.1   AB m a g   BG (m A  m B )g
R mg 100  9 .8 10
3. (c) Here applied horizontal force F acts as normal reaction.  0.2  100  10

For holding the block f 0.3(300)  10

Force of friction = Weight of block  200  900  1100 N

f W  R W F W 21. (c)

R 22. (b)   tan (Angle of repose)  tan 60  1.732
W F
 F 23. (a) Applied force  2.5 N

W Limiting friction  mg  0.4  2  9.8  7.84 N
As   1  F  W
For the given condition applied force is very smaller than
4. (b) limiting friction.
5. (a)  Static friction on a body = Applied force = 2.5 N
6. (c) 24. (c) Sand is used to increase the friction.
25. (a) F  R  0.3  250  75 N
7. (c) Fl   s R  0.4  mg  0.4  10  4 N i.e. minimum 4N
force is required to start the motion of a body. But applied 26. (b) For the given condition, Static friction
force is only 3N. So the block will not move. = Applied force = Weight of body  2  10  20 N
mB 5
8. (a) For limiting condition    0.2  27. (a) F
W
 W  F  0.2  10  2 N
m A  mC 10  m C 
 2  0.2m C  5  m C  15kg mB m
28. (d)  s   0 .2  B  m B  0.4 kg
9. (a) mA 2

10. (d) Ball and bearing produce rolling motion for which force of mB m
29. (a) s   0 .2  B  m B  2 kg
friction is low. Lubrication and polishing reduce roughness of mA 10
surface.
Lenght of the chain hanging from the table
11. (c) For given condition we can apply direct formula 30. (d)  s 
Length of the chain lyingon the table
  
l1    l

l/3

l/3

1
  1 l  l / 3 2l / 3 2
12. (c) Sliding friction is greater than rolling friction. 31. (d)
32. (a)
W 1  9 .8
13. (b) F   49 N
 0.2 Kinetic Friction
    0 .25  l
14. (a) l '    l    l   20% of l. 1. (b)
   1   0 . 25  1  5 2. (d) In the given condition the required centripetal force is provided
by frictional force between the road and tyre.
mB m
15. (a)   0.2  B  m B  2kg mv 2
  mg  v   Rg
mA 10 R
16. (d) Work done by friction can be positive, negative and zero 3. (a) Retarding force F  ma   R   mg  a  g
depending upon the situation.
Now from equation of motion v 2  u 2  2as
Lenght of chain hanging from the table l
17. (c)   u2 u2 v2
Lenght of chain lyingon the table Ll  0  u 2  2as  s     0
2a 2  g 2 g
 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 247
4. (d) Net force = Applied force – Friction force u2 (20)2
ma  24   mg  24  0.4  5  9.8  24  19.6 15. (b) s    40 m
2  g 2  0 .5  10
4 .4 16. (d) Net force in forward direction = Accelerating force + Friction
 a  0 .88 m / s 2
5  ma   mg  m(a   g)  (1500  500)(1  0.2  10)
5. (a) Work done = Force × Displacement   mg  (v  t)
 2000  3  6000 N
W  (0.2)  2  9.8  2  5 joule
17. (b) v  rg  0.4  30  9.8  10.84 m / s
W 0 .2  2  9 .8  2  5
Heat generated Q    9.33 cal 18. (a) W  mgS  0.2  50  9.8  1  98 J
J 4 .2
2 19. (a) Fl  mg  0.6  1  9.8  5.88 N
m 
2
1 s  200 
6. (c) For given condition s   2   1    
m2 s1  m 2   300  Pseudo force on the block = ma  1  5  5 N
Pseudo is less then limiting friction hence static force of
4 4
 s 2  s1   36   16 m friction = 5 N.
9 9
u2 m 2u 2 P2
7. (a) There is no friction between the body B and surface of the 20. (d) S   
table. If the body B is pulled with force F then 2 g 2 gm 2
2 m 2 g
F  (m A  m B ) a 21. (d) Weight of the body = 64N
Due to this force upper body A will feel the pseudo force in a so mass of the body m  6.4 kg ,  s  0.6 , k  0.4
backward direction.
Appliedforce - Kineticfriction
f  mA a Net acceleration 
f Mass of the body
A
R  smg  k mg
  ( s  k )g  (0.6  0.4 )g  0.2 g
B F m
22. (b)
But due to friction between A and B, body will not move. The
body A will start moving when pseudo force is more than Appliedforce – Kineticfriction
23. (b) a 
friction force. mass
i.e. for slipping, m A a   m A g  a   g 100  0.5  10  10
  5m / s 2
8. (d) Limiting friction  s R  smg  0.5  60  10  300 N 10
24. (b)
Kinetic friction  k R  k mg  0.4  60  10  240 N
u 6
Force applied on the body = 300 N and if the body is moving 25. (d) v  u  at  u  gt  0      0 .06
gt 10  10
then, Net accelerating force
=Applied force – Kinetic friction 26. (b) From the relation F  mg  ma
60 F  mg 129.4  0.3  10  9.8
 ma  300  240  60  a   1 m / s2 a   10 m / s 2
60 m 10
27. (b) Let body is dragged with force P, making an angle 60° with the
v2 100
9. (a) v   gr r   20 horizontal.
g 0.5  10 R P sin 60°
10. (b) P

u2 (10)2 60° P cos 60°

11. (b) S   25 m Fk
2 g 2  0 .2  10
12. (d) F cos 30° mg motion =  R
R F
Fk  Kinetic friction in the k

 From the figure Fk  P cos 60 and R  mg  P sin60

F sin 30°
f  P cos 60  k (mg  P sin60)

 R
For limiting condition f mg P  P 3 
  0 .5  60  10   P  315.1 N
2  2 
F sin30  (mg  F cos 30) , By solving F  294.3 N 
13. (c) Net force on the body = Applied force – Friction 315.1
 Fk  P cos 60  N
ma  F  k mg   k  F  ma  129.4  10  10  0.3
2
mg 10  9.8 315.1
Work done  Fk  s   2  315 Joule
14. (c) v  gr  0.5  9.8  40  196  14 m/s 2
 Jobscaptain.com

248 Friction

(d) v  u  at  t 
u
[As v  0 ]  1  1
28. 4. (a)   tan   1   1 2 [As   45 ]
a  n2  n
um 30  1000 (a) Retardation in upward motion  g(sin   cos  )
t   6 sec 5.
F 5000
29. (c)  Force required just to move up Fup  mg(sin   cos  )
30. (b) Kinetic energy acquired by body Similarly for down ward motion a  g(sin   cos  )
= (Total work done on the body) – (work against friction)
 Force required just to prevent the body sliding down
 F  S  mgS  25  10  0.2  5  10  10
 250  100  150 Joule Fdn  mg(sin   cos  )
31. (a) v  rg  0.5  500  10  50 m / s According to problem Fup  2 Fdn

32. (d) Net downward acceleration 

Weight - Friction force  mg(sin   cos  )  2mg(sin   cos  )
Mass
 sin   cos   2 sin  2  cos 
(mg   R) F

m  3  cos   sin  tan   3 
60  10  0 .5  600    tan 1 (3 )  tan 1 (3  0.25)  tan 1 (0.75)  36.8
 R 600N
60
 1 
300 6. (c)   tan   1  
  5 m / s2 W  n2 
60
33. (a)   45 and n  2 (Given)
R F sin 30°
F  1  1 3
   tan 451  2   1    0.75
30° F cos 30°  2  4 4
Fk
7. (a) a  g(sin   cos )  9.8(sin5 o  0.5 cos 45 o )
mg 4 .9
Kinetic friction = k R  0.2(mg  F sin30)  m / sec 2
2
 1 8. (d) Because if the angle of inclination is equal to or more than
 0 .2 5  10  40    0.2(50  20)  6 N
 2 angle of repose then box will automatically slides down the
plane.
F cos 30  Kineticfriction
Acceleration of the block  9. (d) R
Mass F

3
40  6
2 P
  5 .73 m / s 2
5 
mg cos 
u2 u2 (6)2  mg
34. (b) We know s      0.2
2 g 2 gs 2  10  9
Net force along the plane
u2 (100)2
35. (d) s   1000 m = P  mg sin = 750  500 = 250 N
2  g 2  0 .5  10
Limiting friction = Fl   s R   s mg cos 
36. (d) Kinetic energy of the cylinder will go against friction
= 0.4 × 102 × 9.8 × cos 30 = 346 N
1 u2 (10)2
 mv 2 =  mgs  s    10 m As net external force is less than limiting friction therefore
2 2  g 2  (0 .5)  10 friction on the body will be 250 N.
10. (c) a  g(sin   cos  )  10(sin60  0.25 cos 60)
Motion on Inclined Surface
a  7.4 m / s 2
1. (b) When the body is at rest then static friction works on it, which 11. (b) Fk  k R  k mg cos 
is less than limiting friction ( R) .
3
2. (b) Fk  1.7  0.1  10  cos 30  1 .7  N
2
3. (c) Coefficient of friction = Tangent of angle of repose
 1   1  3
   tan  12. (a)   tan  1    tan 301  2  
 n2   2  4
13. (a) For angle of repose,
Friction =Component of weight along the plane
 Jobscaptain.com

Friction 249

= mg sin  2  9.8  sin 45 o  19.6 sin 45 o

Critical Thinking Questions
14. (d) For upper half
v 2  u 2  2al / 2  2(g sin )l / 2  gl sin 1. (a) By drawing the free body diagram of the block for critical
For lower half condition
l/2 R
 0  u 2  2 g(sin   cos  )
l F   R  P  Q sin
2
  (mg  Q cos  ) F
P+Q sin
l/2
P  Q sin
   mg + Q cos
mg  Q cos 
 gl sin  gl(sin   cos ) 2. (c)
  cos  2 sin    2 tan  3. (b) Limiting friction
15. (c) Resultant downward force along the incline Fl   s R  0.5  (5)  2.5 N R

 mg(sin   cos ) Since downward force is less than

limiting friction therefore block is at R 5N
Normal reaction  mg cos
rest so the static force of friction will
Given : mg cos  2mg(sin   cos ) work on it.
mg
By solving   45 o . Fs = downward force = Weight
16. (b) F  mg(sin   cos )  0.1  9.8  0.98 N
 10  9.8(sin30  0.5 cos 30)  91.4 N . 4. (c) Maximum force by surface when friction works
1
17. (c) W  mg cos S  0.5  1  9.8   1  2 .45 J F f 2  R 2  (R)2  R 2  R  2  1
2
18. (d) F  mg sin30  50 N  5kg - wt . Minimum force  R when there is no friction

1 Hence ranging from R to R  2  1

19. (a)   tan 30  .
3
We get, Mg  F  Mg  2  1
20. (a) Work done against gravity  mgh  2  10  10  200 J
Work done against friction = (Total work done – work done 5. (a) R
against gravity)  300  200  100 J F
21. (a)
60°
2m f F cos 60

F sin 60 W  10 3
f  R
S 30°
Rough F cos 60  (W  F sin 60)
v 2  u 2  2as  0  2  g sin 30 2  v  20 1
Substituting   & W  10 3 we get F  20 N
Let it travel distance ‘S’ before coming to rest 2 3
v2 20 6. (b) When two blocks performs simple harmonic motion together then
S   4m at the extreme position ( at amplitude =A)
2 g 2  0 .25  10
KA
22. (a) Angle of repose   tan 1 ()  tan 1 (0.8)  38.6 Restoring force F  KA  2ma  a 
2m
Angle of inclined plane is given   30 . There will be no relative motion between P and Q if pseudo
It means block is at rest therefore, force on block P is less than or just equal to limiting friction
between P and Q.
Static friction = component of weight in downward direction
10  KA 
 mg sin  10 N  m   2 kg i.e. m    Limiting friction
9  sin 30  2m 
 1   1  3
 Maximum friction 
KA
23. (a)   tan   1    tan  1  2   tan 
 n2   2  4 2
P
24. (b) Acceleration (a)  g(sin   cos  ) and s = l 7. (c) Normal reaction R  mg  P sin 30 o  mg 
2
R + P sin 30°
v  2as  2 gl(sin   cos )
P

30°
P cos 30°
F

mg
 Jobscaptain.com

250 Friction
opposite to its weight. Thus weight is reduced. So pulling is
easier than pushing the lawn roller.

FV

 Limiting friction between body and surface is given by, F F

 P
F  R    mg   . FH
 2 FH

8. (a) Limiting friction between block and slab   s m A g

FV
 0.6  10  9.8  58.8 N W
W
But applied force on block A is 100 N. So the block will slip (a) (b)
over a slab. 4. (b)
Now kinetic friction works between block and slab 5. (d) The force acting on the body of mass M are its weight Mg
acting vertically downwards and air resistance F acting
Fk  k m A g  0.4  10  9.8  39.2 N
vertically upward.
This kinetic friction helps to move the slab
Mg  F F
39.2 39.2  Acceleration of the body, a   g
 Acceleration of slab    0 .98 m / s 2 M M
mB 40
Now, M > m, therefore, the body with larger mass will have
9. (a) Limiting friction Fl   mg cos  greater acceleration and it will reach the ground first.
6. (d) Only static friction is a self adjusting force. This is because
Fl  0.7  2  10  cos 30  12 N (approximately)
force of static friction is equal and opposite to applied force (so
But when the block is lying on the inclined plane then long as actual motion does not start). Frictional force = mg
component of weight down the plane  mg sin i.e. friction depends on mass.
 2  9.8  sin 30  9.8 N 7. (a)

It means the body is stationary, so static friction will work on it 8. (d) Acceleration down a rough inclined plane
 Static friction = Applied force = 9.8 N a  g(sin   cos  ) and this is less than g.
10. (a,c) In cycling, the rear wheel moves by the force communicated to
it by pedalling while front wheel moves by it self. So, while
pedalling a bicycle, the force exerted by rear wheel on ground
makes force of friction act on it in the forward direction (like
walking). Front wheel moving by itself experience force of
friction in backward direction (like rolling of a ball). [However,
if pedalling is stopped both wheels move by themselves and so
experience force of friction in backward direction].
11. (a)

Assertion & Reason

1. (a) On a rainy day, the roads are wet. Wetting of roads lowers the
coefficient of friction between the tyres and the road.
Therefore, grip of car on the road reduces and thus chances of
skidding increases.
2. (e) When a bicycle is in motion, two cases may arise :
(i) When the bicycle is being pedalled. In this case, the applied
force has been communicated to rear wheel. Due to which the
rear wheel pushes the earth backwards. Now the force of
friction acts in the forward direction on the rear wheel but
front wheel move forward due to inertia, so force of friction
works on it in backward direction
(ii) When the bicycle is not being pedalled :
In this case both the wheels move in forward direction, due to
inertia. Hence force of friction on both the wheels acts in
backward direction.
3. (a) Suppose the roller is pushed as in figure (b). The force F is
resolved into two components, horizontal component F which H

helps the roller to move forward, and the vertical component

acting downwards adds to the weight. Thus weight is increased.
But in the case of pull [fig (a)] the vertical component is
 Jobscaptain.com
Friction 251

1. A force of 19.6 N when applied parallel to the surface just moves a (c) 0.2 N (d) 20 N
body of mass 10 kg kept on a horizontal surface. If a 5 kg mass is 7. A body of mass 10 kg slides along a rough horizontal surface. The
kept on the first mass, the force applied parallel to the surface to
just move the combined body is coefficient of friction is 1/ 3 . Taking g  10 m / s 2 , the least force
which acts at an angle of 30° to the horizontal is
(a) 29.4 N (b) 39.2 N
(a) 25 N (b) 100 N
(c) 18.6 N (d) 42.6 N 50
(c) 50 N (d) N
2. If the normal force is doubled, the coefficient of friction is 3
8. A lift is moving downwards with an acceleration equal to
(a) Not changed (b) Halved acceleration due to gravity. A body of mass M kept on the floor of
(c) Doubled (d) Tripled the lift is pulled horizontally. If the coefficient of friction is  , then
the frictional resistance offered by the body is
3. A body of weight 50 N placed on a horizontal surface is just moved
(a) Mg (b) Mg
by a force of 28.2 N. The frictional force and the normal reaction are
(c) 2 Mg (d) Zero
(a) 10 N, 15 N 28.2 N 9. In the above question, if the lift is moving upwards with a uniform
(b) 20 N, 30 N velocity, then the frictional resistance offered by the body is
45°
(a) Mg (b) Mg
(c) 2 N, 3 N
(c) 2 Mg (d) Zero
(d) 5 N, 6 N
50 N 10. A body of mass 2 kg is moving on the ground comes to rest after
4. Block A weighing 100 kg rests on a block B and is tied with a some time. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the body and the
horizontal string to the wall at C. Block B weighs 200 kg. The ground is 0.2. The retardation in the body is
coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.25 and between B and (a) 9.8 m / s 2 (b) 4.73 m / s 2
the surface is 1/3. The horizontal force P necessary to move the
block B should be (g  10 m / s 2 ) (c) 2.16 m / s 2 (d) 1.96 m / s 2
11. A cyclist moves in a circular track of radius 100 m. If the coefficient
(a) 1150 N of friction is 0.2, then the maximum velocity with which the cyclist
can take the turn with leaning inwards is
(b) 1250 N
C (a) 9.8 m/s (b) 1.4 m /s
(c) 1300 N A (c) 140 m/s (d) 14 m/s
12. A block of mass 5 kg lies on a rough horizontal table. A force of 19.6
(d) 1420 N B P N is enough to keep the body sliding at uniform velocity. The
coefficient of sliding friction is
5. A rough vertical board has an acceleration ‘a’ so that a 2 kg block (a) 0.5 (b) 0.2
pressing against it does not fall. The coefficient of friction between (c) 0.4 (d) 0.8
the block and the board should be
13. A motor car has a width 1.1 m between wheels. Its centre of gravity
a is 0.62 m above the ground and the coefficient of friction between
the wheels and the road is 0.8. What is the maximum possible
(a)  g/a speed, if the centre of gravity inscribes a circle of radius 15 m ?
(Road surface is horizontal)
(b)  g/a (a) 7.64 m/s (b) 6.28 m/s
2 kg
(c) 10.84 m/s (d) 11.23 m/s
(c)  g/a
14. A child weighing 25 kg slides down a rope hanging from the branch
(d)  a/g of a tall tree. If the force of friction acting against him is 2 N, what
is the acceleration of the child (Take g  9.8 m / s 2 )
6. A stone weighing 1 kg and sliding on ice with a velocity of 2 m/s is
stopped by friction in 10 sec. The force of friction (assuming it to be (a) 22.5 m / s 2 (b) 8 m / s 2
constant) will be
(c) 5 m / s2 (d) 9.72 m / s 2
(a) 20 N (b) 0.2 N

(SET -5)
 Jobscaptain.com
252 Friction

1. (a) Fl  R  Fl  m i.e. limiting friction depends upon the P cos 30   (mg  P sin 30)
(Fl )  m ' 10  5
mass of body. So,   3 1  1  3P  P
(Fl ) m 10  P   100  P     100  
2 3 2 2  2
3 3
 (Fl )   Fl   19.6  29.4 N
2 2  2 P  100  P  50 N
2. (a) Coefficient of friction is constant for two given surface in
contact. It does not depend upon the weight or normal 8. (d) R  m(g  a) for downward motion of lift
reaction.
If a  g then R  0  F   R  0
3. (b) R 28.2 sin 45°
9. (b) When the lift is moving upward with constant velocity then,
R  mg  F   R   mg

28.2 cos 45° 10. (d) We know that a  g  0.2  9.8  1.96 m / s 2
f

50 N
1 11. (d) v   r g  0.2  100  10  10 2  14 m / s
Frictional force = f  28.2 cos 45  28.2   20 N
2 F 19.6 2
12. (c) k     0.4
Normal reaction R  50  28.2 sin 45  30 N R 5  9 .8 5
4. (b) Friction between block A and block B & between block B and 13. (c) v   g r  0.8  9.8  15  10.84 m / s
surface will oppose the P
 P  FAB  FBS   AB m A g   BS (m A  m B )g 14. (d) Net downward force = Weight – Friction

25  9.8  2
 0.25  100  10 
1
(100  200)  10 =1250 N  ma  25  9.8  2  a   9.72 m / s 2
3 25

5. (a) For the limiting condition upward friction force between board
and block will balance the weight of the block.
F
i.e. F  mg
 (R)  mg
 (ma)  mg R m ma
g
 
a mg

***

6. (b) u  2 m / s, v  0, t  10 sec

v u 0  2 2 1
 a      0.2 m / s 2
t 10 10 5

 Friction force  ma  1  (0.2)  0.2 N

7. (c) Let P force is acting at an angle 30° with the horizontal.

For the condition of motion F   R