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International Journal of Applied Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences

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 ISSN 0974-0775
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GREEN FARMING UGC Approved : 27977
(International Journal of Applied Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences)
(Abbreviation : Green Farming Int. J.)

Volume 8 Number 3 May-June 2017 Bimonthly

Previous issue :
CONTENTS Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 254-505
Research Papers
Developing improved versions of a popular rice variety (Improved White Ponni) through marker assisted
backcross breeding
 MUTHUKUMAR M., SASIKALA R., S. ROBIN and M. RAVEENDRAN ......... 506
Introgression of Saltol QTL into an elite rice variety Jyothi through marker assisted selection
 P.C. ROHINI and K.S. SHYLARAJ ......... 512
Assessment of genetic diversity & genetic purity in the elite rice variety, Samba Mahsuri using SSS markers
 P. SRAVANTHI, CH V. DURGA RANI, R.M. SUNDARAM, S. NAGALAKSHMI, S. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN
and S. VANISREE ......... 518
Gene action, genetic parameters and association in segregating populations of two little millet
(Panicum miliare L.) crosses
 C. NANDINI, B. SUJATA, M. KRISHNAPPA, CHANDRASHEKHAR ANGADI and PRABHAKAR ......... 523
Morphological and molecular diversity in speciality corn (Zea mays L.)
 D. CHOUHAN, S.R. MALOO, D. SINGH and D. JAIN ......... 529
Identification and validation of SSR markers after phenotypic characterization in M2 mutant population of tomato
 T. HARITHA, V. SATYANARAYANA RAO, LAL AHAMED M. and Y. ASHOKA RANI ......... 535
Effect of EMS on seedling and plant characters useful for development of mutant genetic resource in tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum M.) cv. Arka vikas
 T. HARITHA, V. SATYANARAYANA RAO, LAL AHAMED M. and Y. ASHOKA RANI ......... 541
Genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path analysis for yield and yield attributing characters in soybean
(Glycine max L. Merrill)
 K.K. CHANDEL, N.B. PATEL, L.K. SHARMA and SURESH GALI ......... 547
Genetic diversity among slow rusting bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for yield and yield attributes
 SNEHA G. LAKKANGOUDAR, SUMA BIRADAR, S.A. DESAI, RUDRA NAIK, YASHAWANTH K.J.
and VAIBHAV PATIL ......... 552
Stability analysis for quantitative traits in safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum L.)
 R.B. DUBEY, MEENAKSHI DHOOT, K.D. AMETA and RAMESH KUMAR ........ 556
Effect of row ratios, phosphorus levels and weed management practices on weed population, growth and
yield attributes of mustard - chickpea intercropping system
 V.P. GAIKWAD, J.J. PATEL and B.D. PATEL ........ 559

Influence of phosphorus doses and weed management practices on weed control and nutrient uptake in chickpea
 SATENDRA LAL YADAV, BHAGWAN SINGH, V.P. CHAHAL, ARTI YADAV and RAHUL KUMAR ........ 566
Effect of sulphur levels and method of application on growth, yield and economics of quality protein maize (QPM)
 N. NAVATHA, K.P. VANI, P. SURENDRA BABU and A. SRINIVAS ........ 571
Effect of gypsum and boron application on growth & yield of maize under different nutrient management practices
 ARUNKUMAR B.R., N. SRINIVASA and S.S. PRAKASH ........ 576
Application of CERES-Maize model to optimize planting window and nitrogen levels for hybrid maize under
irrigated conditions of semi arid environment
 G. SREENIVAS, P. LEELA RANI and D. RAJI REDDY ........ 581
Contd. ....
Effect of planting method, planting time & size of the planting material on yield of garlic cv. Jamnagar Local
 PRATAP D., M. PADMA and A. SIVASANKAR ........ 585
Growth, yield and quality attributes of garlic as influenced by herbicidal and manual options in managing weeds
 S. MALLIK, A.B. SHARANGI and T. SARKAR ........ 592

Effect of organic sources for nitrogen management on growth and yield of grain amaranth
(Amaranthus hypochondriacus)
 DEBASIS MAHATA, A.C. SINHA and A.K. SINGHA ROY ........ 597

Nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by natural nitrification inhibitors and methods of
cultivation in rice
 P. RAVI, G. JAYASREE, G. PRATHIBA, D. BALAGURAVAIAH, V. PRAVEEN RAO and CH. SRINIVASA RAO ........ 602

Long-term effect of chemical fertilizers and amendments on Carbon management index (CMI) under
maize wheat cropping system in an acid Alfisol
 DHARMENDRA SINGH, R.P. SHARMA, N.K. SANKHYAN and IBAJANAI KURBAH ........ 607

Influence of different levels of irrigation and fertigation on nutrient content of maize

 VENKATA SHIVA REDDY J.S., KRISHNA MURTHY R. and PUSHPA K. ........ 612
Substitution of nitrogen through organic manures and foliar spray fertilizers on nutrient concentrations of chilli fruit
 T. THULASIRAMIREDDY, B.I. BIDARI and P.L. PATIL ........ 617

Response of graded levels of NPK fertilizers on yield and fibre quality of Bt cotton in Alfisol
 T.V. JYOTHI, N.S. HEBSUR and S.K. BANSAL ........ 622

Nutrient content and uptake of soybean (Glycine max) as influenced by liquid biofertilizers (Bradyrhizobium and PSB)
 DARAVATH RAJA, V.G. TAKANKHAR and P.B. ADSUL ........ 627
Characterization of stress-tolerant mothbean rhizobia as PGPR and effect on plant growth promotion under stress
 H.K. MONDAL, R. GERA and R. KUMAR ........ 633
Influence of microbial cultures on enzyme activity of polluted soils and unpolluted soil cultivated with spinach
 ALAVALA UMA RAJSHEKHAR, R. SUBHASH REDDY and P. CHANDRASEKHAR RAO ........ 639
Microbial and enzymatic activities of saline soils
 K. NANCY JASMINE, P. PRASUNA RANI and R. LAKSHMIPATHY ........ 643
Effect of vermicompost & biofertilizers on quality parameters and leaf nutrient concentration of strawberry
 KARMA BEER and ANIL K. SINGH ........ 647

Reverberation of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers on yield and uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
 RAHUL CHOPRA, MAHENDRA SHARMA, H.S. PUROHIT, J. CHOUDHARY and AJEET SINGH ........ 652
Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
 R.P. AHIRWAR, U.S. MISHRA, N.G. MITRA and P. SIROTHIA ........ 656

Effect of organic manure application with different combinations of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of ginger
under rainfed conditions
 G.V. SUBBA REDDY, S.S.N. MALLESWARA RAO, B. NAGENDRA PRASAD and B. SRIHARI RAO ........ 660
Influence of panchagavya spray on growth, seed yield and quality parameters of vegetable cowpea [Vigna
unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes
 G.M. SUMALATHA, R. PARAMESH, N. DEVAKUMAR, VITTHAL CHABBI ........ 664

Effect of Integrated use of aquatic weeds compost and inorganic sources on available macronutrients, sulphur,
organic carbon and post-harvest soil properties in rice
 Y. BALACHENNAIAH, P. MADHU VANI, P. PRASUNA RANI and B. VENKATESWARLU ........ 668

Biomass productivity and nutrient removal study with wastewater grown microalgae
 SAMADHAN YUVRAJ BAGUL, RADHA PRASANNA and DOLLY WATTAL DHAR ........ 672

Contd. ....
Effect of untreated and engineered constructed wetland treated wastewater on yield, water productivity and
economics of brinjal
 M.V. MANJUNTHA, MANJUNATHA HEBBARA, B.H. PRASANNAKUMARA, SUNIL SATYAREDDI
and G.S. DASOG ........ 676
Physiological attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by moisture regimes
 B. SANTHOSH, S. NARENDER REDDY and LAKSHMI PRAYAGA ........ 680
Heterosis for yield and yield related traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
 MANOJ KUMAR, V. SRINIVASA, PRAVEEN YADAHALLI, AKSHAY ANGADI and MEENAKSHI KUMARI ........ 684

Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
 SRINIVASA RAO M., SUBBA RAO M., LAL AHAMED M. and RAMESH BABU P. ........ 688
Seed quality assessment in naturally aged seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)
 SUMIT DESWAL, PREETI YADAV and S.K. TEHLAN ........ 692
Storage behavior of Santa Rosa plum in response to nitrogenous and boron fertilizer under rainfed conditions
 GOWHAR A. DAR, AMIT KUMAR, F.A. MISGER and J.A. RATHER ........ 696
Ylang-ylang tree (C. odorata) for potential cultivation in India
 VASUNDHARA M, PRIYANKA R., ASHWINI JAYARAM, NATARAJ A., RADHIKA B. and MARAPPA N. ........ 701

Effect of pre-planting treatments on growth and yield of elephant foot yam cultivar Gajendra
 SARITA SAHU and VIJAY KUMAR ........ 706

Management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea through bio-control and cultural method

 B.D.S. NATHAWAT, O.P. SHARMA and K.K. SAINI ........ 711
Effect of application of FYM & chemical fertilizer on cocoon yield in different category of stone & RCC house
 ANUSHA H.G., R.N. BHASKAR and CHIKKALINGAIAH ........ 715
Assessment of direct sowing of paddy with drum seeders under different weed control practices in paddy field
 R. JAYA PRAKASH, B. ASHWIN KUMAR, P. RAGHU RAMI REDDY and G. ARAVIND REDDY ........ 719

Effect of cladding material on micro environment of bamboo polyhouse

 S.K. JAIN, A.G. MANE and P.D. JADHAV ........ 724
Design and development of a device for harvesting ber fruits
 A.D. MAKWANA, V.K. TIWARI and R.A. GUPTA ........ 728

Development and evaluation of tractor operated farmyard manure spreader

 C. NAVEENKUMAR, K.V. PRAKASH, M. ANANTACHAR, M. VEERANGOUDA and M.V. RAVI ........ 732
Dehydration of onion slices in a solar tunnel dryer
 U. PRIYANKA, A. CAROLIN RATHINAKUMARI and G. SENTHIL KUMARAN ........ 736
Engineering properties, thin layer and deep bed sun drying kinetics of cluster beans ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)
 KRISHNAKUMAR P., R. KAILAPPAN, R. PANDISELVAM, V. THIRUPATHI and C. INDU RANI ........ 743
Studies on development of nutri bar functional snack
 RUPALI SHINDE and ASHA ARYA ........ 749
Characterization and evaluation of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) germplasm
 SUMIT DESWAL, T.P. MALIK, S.K. TEHLAN, PREETI YADAV and R.N. SHEOKAND ........ 753
Effect of pre-harvest application of growth regulators on physico-chemical characteristics and storage
of peach cv. Shan-i-Punjab under cold storage conditions
 SOMANDEEP KAUR, SUKHDEV SINGH and JAGSIR SINGH ........ 756

Strategic Vision Message : 39

Rural development through dryland horticulture : An innovative approach
 R.K. SARAF and SMITA PURI Back Inner Page
 Green Farming Vol. 8 (3) : 556-558 ; May-June, 2017 Research Paper

Stability analysis for quantitative traits in safed musli

(Chlorophytum borivilianum L.)
a1 a2* b3 a4
R.B. DUBEY , MEENAKSHI DHOOT , K.D. AMETA and RAMESH KUMAR
a b
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture,
Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur - 313 001 (Rajasthan)

Received : 07 November 2016 ; Revised accepted : 11 March 2017

ABSTRACT
The experimental material comprising of seven germplasm lines safed musli (Chlorphytum borivilianum L.) were grown in
Randomized block design with three replications in a four row plot of three meter length, having 30 x15 cm row to row and plant
to plant distance, in three environments at Herbal Park, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
during 2011-14. The objective of this study was to identify stable genotype of safed musli for fasciculated root yield and its
contributing traits viz., number of fasciculated roots/bunch, thickness of main fasciculated root, length of main fasciculated
root, length of middle leaves, width of middle leaves and number of leaves per plant. The analysis of variance for phenotypic
stability revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the characters. The genotype x environment
linear and non-linear components was significant for most of the traits. Germplasm line PC-1 and PC-2 were found stable for
thickness of main fasciculated root under unfavorable environmental conditions. Similarly, germplasm line P-4 was found
stable for length of main fasciculated root in favorable environment. Therefore, these promising lines could be further
exploited for commercial cultivation or could be used in further improvement programme.

Key words : Cholorophytum borivilianum, Quantitative traits, Stability analysis, Safed musli, Yield attributes.

INTRODUCTION

Safed musli (Chlorphytum borivilianum L., Family : medicinal crop for developing high yielding and stable
Lilliaceae) is an important medicinal plant and an annual genotypes. The principal objective of plant breeding is to
herb. The roots (tubers) are rich in alkaloids, vitamins, improve stability in yield and to develop varieties of good
minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, root fibers, quality. For this purpose, various methods of stability analysis
polysaccharides and steroids (Tandon and Shukla, 1993). have been proposed and developed by biometriciants and
Fasiculated roots of Chlorophytum borivilianum are used as breeding researchers. This approach was modified by Finlay
tonic and important ingredient of 20 ayurvedic and unnani and Wilkinson (1963) and Eberhart and Russell (1966).
preparations (Oudhia, 2001). After peeling and drying, these According to Eberhart and Russell (1966) a stable variety
fleshy roots popularly known as safed musli are used in more should have around unit regression coefficient over
than a hundred ayurvedic preparations and prescribed environments (bi ≈ 1) and minimum deviation from the
primarily as a tonic against stress and general debility (Bordia 2
regression (S di = 0) in addition to higher seed yield than
et al., 1995). The medicinal utility of roots is due to presence population mean.
of number of alkaloids. The main alkaloids are Saponin and
Sapogenins. It is kharif crop and widely distributed in MATERIALS AND METHODS
Rajasthan, M.P., A.P, U.P, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa,
Haryana, Chhattisgarh and Punjab. About 17 species are The experimental material comprising of seven
found in India but, only two species viz; Chlorophytum germplasm lines Safed musli (Chlorphytum borivilianum L.)
borivilianum, and C. arundinaceum have medicinal value. viz., PC-1, PC-2, PC-3,PC-4, PC-5, PC-6 and PC-7 were
Limited breeding work has been done on this important grown in Randomized block design with three replications in a
four row plot of three meter length, having 30 x15 cm row to
1 2 row and plant to plant distance, in three environments at
Professor & Head , P.G. Student *(dhootakshi9@gmail.com)
3 4
Herbal Park, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT,
Asstt. Professor, P.G. Student

56
May-June 2017 Stability analysis for quantitative traits in safed musli 557

Table 1. Mean values for length and width of middle leaves, no. of leaves /plant, no. of fasciculated root/bunch
Length of middle Width of middle No of leaves/ No. of fasciculated root/
Sr. Genotype leaves (cm) leaves (cm) plant bunch
No.
E1 E2 E3 Pool E1 E2 E3 Pool E1 E2 E3 Pool E1 E2 E3 Pool

1 G1 32.33 31.87 31.27 31.82 12.77 11.47 11.87 12.03 12.77 30.40 30.07 24.41 16.63 14.70 19.93 17.0 9
2 G2 20.03 18.73 20.77 19.84 19.37 18.90 18.67 18.98 19.37 11.13 13.00 14.50 15.07 13.30 17.60 15.3 2
3 G3 14.60 13.93 15.60 14.71 17.40 17.13 15.60 16.71 17.40 14.80 16.33 16.18 13.33 11.93 12.00 12.4 2
4 G4 21.80 22.27 21.60 21.89 15.27 15.53 16.40 15.73 15.27 13.33 14.33 14.31 12.35 11.30 11.47 11.7 1
5 G5 23.07 22.00 23.27 22.78 19.00 18.73 18.40 18.71 19.00 13.20 14.00 15.40 12.00 10.97 11.73 11.5 7
6 G6 19.37 18.80 21.53 19.90 15.40 15.53 16.40 15.78 15.40 14.73 15.00 15.04 11.37 11.20 10.73 11.1 0
7 G7 21.60 21.20 20.40 21.07 18.07 17.63 18.53 18.08 18.07 11.60 13.00 14.22 11.37 9.37 9.47 10.07
GM 21.83 21.26 22.06 21.72 16.75 16.42 16.55 16.57 16.75 15.60 16.53 16.30 13.16 11.82 13.28 12.75
SE 0.72 0.49 0.62 0.36 0.42 0.31 0.45 0.23 0.42 0.36 0.68 0.29 0.75 0.73 0.52 0.39
CD5 2.22 1.51 1.90 1.02 1.30 0.96 1.37 0.66 1.30 1.10 2.08 0.83 2.32 2.25 1.59 1.12
CD1 3.12 2.13 2.67 1.37 1.83 1.35 1.93 0.88 1.83 1.54 2.92 1.12 3.26 3.16 2.24 1.50
CV 5.72 4.01 4.85 4.92 4.37 3.30 4.66 4.16 4.37 3.96 7.08 5.36 9.93 10.73 6.76 9.19

Table 2. Mean values for fasciculated root yield, thickness of main fasciculated root & length of main fasciculated root
Sr. Fasciculated root yield (q/ha) Thickness of main fasciculated root (mm) Length of main fasciculated root (cm)
Genotype
No. E1 E2 E3 Pool E1 E2 E3 Pool E1 E2 E3 Pool

1 G1 40.60 38.20 45.00 41.27 8.43 8.20 8.33 8.32 14.00 14.00 14.33 14.11
2 G2 37.65 35.20 40.90 37.92 7.00 7.07 7.47 7.18 11.70 11.07 12.53 11.77
3 G3 38.88 33.47 36.92 36.42 7.33 7.27 7.47 7.36 13.10 13.73 13.33 13.39
4 G4 34.17 33.63 38.55 35.45 6.83 6.40 7.33 6.86 11.77 11.33 12.67 11.92
5 G5 31.79 31.23 34.63 32.55 7.20 7.60 7.80 7.53 9.07 9.20 11.20 9.82
6 G6 32.45 32.60 36.80 33.95 7.27 8.20 7.80 7.76 10.40 11.07 12.27 11.24
7 G7 34.48 32.92 35.77 34.39 8.47 8.60 8.53 8.53 8.37 8.00 9.67 8.68
GM 35.72 33.89 38.37 35.99 7.50 7.62 7.82 7.65 11.20 11.20 12.29 11.56
SE 1.51 0.73 1.32 0.71 0.20 0.20 0.27 0.13 0.55 0.42 0.27 0.25
Cd5 4.66 2.25 4.06 2.04 0.60 0.61 0.82 0.37 1.70 1.30 0.82 0.71
Cd1 6.54 3.15 5.70 2.74 0.84 0.85 1.15 0.49 2.38 1.83 1.15 0.95
CV 7.34 3.73 5.95 5.93 4.51 4.48 5.89 5.02 8.53 6.53 3.75 6.43

Udaipur (Raj.) during 2011-14. The Farm yard manure (FYM) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
was applied at the rate of 20 t/ha and weeds were manually
The Analysis of Variance for phenotypic stability revealed
removed whenever they appeared. The characters studied
that mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the
were fasciculated root yield, number of fasciculated
characters (Table 3). Pooled deviation was significant for
roots/bunch and thickness, length of main fasciculated root,
fasciculated root yield, number of fasciculated roots/Bunch,
length, width of middle leaves and number of leaves per plant
width of middle leaves and number of leaves per plant and
(Table 1 and 2). Genetic parameters studied by Analysis of
non-linear genotype x environment interaction was varying for
variance (Fisher 1918) and Stability parameters (Eberhart
genotype to genotype for these traits. The mean squares due
and Russel 1966).
to linear component i.e. genotype x environment linear were
Table 3. Pooled analysis of variance for genotype x environment interactions for different traits in safed musli
Number of Thickness of main Length of main Length of Width of Number of
Fasciculated
Source d.f. Fasciculated Fasciculated Fasciculated middle middle leaves
root yield
roots/Bunch roots root leaves leaves per plant
MS(G) 6 25.2831** 18.9818** 1.0989** 10.7267** 79.7918** 17.2920** 39.8521**
MS (E+GXE) 14 6.6157** 2.0402** 0.0890 0.6048** 0.7265** 0.3504* 20.6525**
MS (E-Linear) 1 1.4455 0.1861 0.0072 0.1123 0.0490 0.0080 0.1070
MS (G x E -Linear) 6 12.7034** 2.9498** 0.0945 1.2602** 1.2737* 0.2247 23.7196**
Pooled Dev 7 2.1363** 1.5255** 0.0960 0.1134 0.3542 0.5071** 20.9586**
Pooled Err. 36 1.521 0.4577 0.0492 0.1845 0.3812 0.1584 0.2542
* Significant at 5% level, ** Significant at 1% level

57 Green Farming
558 Dubey et al. Green Farming 8 (3)

significant for all the traits except for thickness of main

fasciculated root width of middle leaves. Germplasm line PC-1
and PC-2 were found stable for thickness of main fasciculated
root under unfavorable environmental conditions. Similarly,
germplasm line P-4 was found stable for length of main
fasciculated root in favorable environment. In the present
investigation, both predictable (linear) and unpredictable
(deviation) component were significant and shared the
genotype x environments interaction. However, predictable
component was predominant for almost all the traits.
Therefore, these promising lines could be further exploited for
commercial cultivation or could be used in further improvement
programme.
A perusal of phenotypic stability parameters for
fasciculated root yield, number of fasciculated roots/bunch,
thickness of main fasciculated roots, length of main
fasciculated root, length of middle leaves, width of middle
leaves, number of leaves per plant revealed that germplasm
line PC-1 exhibited S2di non-significant, and regression
coefficient (bi) less than unity with mean value higher than
population mean for length of middle leaves. This germplasm
line therefore, considered suitable and stable under
2
unfavorable environment. Germplasm line PC-7 exhibited S di
non-significant, and regression coefficient (bi) is equal to unity
with mean value higher than population mean for width of
middle leaves (Table 4). This germplasm line therefore,
considered suitable and stable under variable environment.
For length of main fasciculated root, germplasm lines PC-2
2
(bi~1) and PC-3 (bi<1) exhibited S di non-significant, with
mean value higher than population mean. These germplasm
lines are respectively suitable and stable under variable
environment and under unfavorable environment.

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