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Assignment Module 1

1. The document provides 15 multi-part math and physics problems involving matrices, differential equations, and Laplace transforms. 2. It asks to find ranks of matrices, solve systems of equations, find eigenvectors and eigenvalues, solve differential equations, and calculate physical quantities like charge and current over time. 3. The problems range from straightforward to advanced, involving techniques like matrix operations, separation of variables, variation of parameters, and Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Sahil Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views

Assignment Module 1

1. The document provides 15 multi-part math and physics problems involving matrices, differential equations, and Laplace transforms. 2. It asks to find ranks of matrices, solve systems of equations, find eigenvectors and eigenvalues, solve differential equations, and calculate physical quantities like charge and current over time. 3. The problems range from straightforward to advanced, involving techniques like matrix operations, separation of variables, variation of parameters, and Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Sahil Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B.Tech.

I Year II Semester (2022-23)


BMAS 1105 Matrices, Differential Equations and Laplace Transform
Assignment I
1. Obtain a matrix N in the normal form equivalent to
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟒 𝟒
𝑨 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏] and hence find the rank.
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟎
1 0 0 0
Ans. [0 1 0 0] ; 3
0 0 1 0

2. Find the rank of the matrix A by using elementary transformations, where


𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
A = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 ].
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐
Ans. 3

𝟑 −𝟐 𝟏 𝒙 𝒃
3. Determine the values of a and b for which the system [𝟓 −𝟖 𝟗 ] [ 𝒚 ]=[ 𝟑 ] has
𝟐 𝟏 𝒂 𝒛 −𝟏
(i) a unique solution (ii) no solution (iii) infinitely many solutions.
Ans. (i) 𝑎 ≠ −3, b may have any value; (ii) 𝑎 = −3 and 𝑏 ≠ 1/3; (iii) 𝑎 = −3, 𝑏 = 1/3.

4. For what values of 𝝀, the equations


𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟏, 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒𝒛 = 𝝀, 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎𝒛 = 𝝀𝟐 have a solution and solve them
completely in each case.
Ans. 𝜆 = 1, 2; when 𝜆 = 1, 𝑥 = 1 + 2𝑘, 𝑦 = −3𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 𝑘; when 𝜆 = 2, 𝑥 = 2𝑘, 𝑦 = 1 −
3𝑘, 𝑧 = 𝑘; whre k is arbitrary

5. Find the value of k such that the following equations have unique solution:
𝒌𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 − 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒌𝒚 − 𝒛 − 𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝒌𝒛 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 and use matrix
method to solve these equations when k = 2.
1
Ans. 𝑘 ≠ 2; 𝑥 = 2 + 𝑘1 − 𝑘2 , 𝑦 = 𝑘2 and 𝑧 = 𝑘1 , where 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 are arbitrary.
6. Test for consistency and solve the following system of equations:
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟖, −𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟒, 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟎.
Ans. Consistent; 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 2.

𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑
7. Find the eigen values of 𝟑𝑨𝟑 + 𝟓𝑨𝟐 − 𝟔𝑨 + 𝟐𝑰, where A [𝟎 𝟑 𝟐 ].
𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐
Ans. 4, 110, 10.

𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
8. Show that the matrix ⌈−𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟒⌉ has less than three linearly independent eigen
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
vectors. Also find them.
5 1
Ans. 2, 2, 3; 𝑘1 [ 2 ] , 𝑘2 [ 1 ].
−5 −2

𝒅
9. Solve the differential equation (𝑫𝟓 − 𝑫)𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝒆𝒙 + 𝟖 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙, where 𝑫 ≡ 𝒅𝒙.

Ans. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐4 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐5 sin 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

10. Solve the differential equation:


𝒚′′ + 𝟒𝒚′ + 𝟏𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ; 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟎, 𝒚′ (𝟎) = 𝟗.
Ans. 𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 (−2 cos 3𝑥 + 3 sin 3𝑥 + 2)

𝝅
11. If 𝒚′′ + 𝟐𝒚′ + 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟑𝟕 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟎 and find the value of y when 𝒙 = 𝟐. It is given that y
=3, 𝒚′ = 𝟎 when 𝒙 = 𝟎.
Ans. y = 1

12. Solve the following differential equations with constant coefficient


𝒅𝟒 𝒚
(i) − 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝒙.
𝒅𝒙𝟒
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
(ii) 𝒅𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙.
1
Ans. (i) 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐3 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐4 sin 𝑥 − 5 cos 𝑥 cosh 𝑥
1 1 1
(ii) 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 − 5 𝑒 𝑥 (2 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)

13. Solve the following homogeneous linear differential equations:


𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
(i) 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 .

𝒅𝟑 𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
(ii) 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 .
𝑐1 𝑐 1
Ans. (i) 𝑦 = + 𝑥22 + 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥

𝑥2 1
(ii) 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 + 𝑐2 cos (√3 log 𝑥) + 𝑐3 sin (√3 log 𝑥) + + 𝑥 log 𝑥
7 4

14. Solve the following first order differential equations:


(i) 𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − (𝒚𝟐 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
(ii) (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
(iii) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
2
Ans. (i) 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 + (3) 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 = 𝑐
3 3
2
(ii) – (3) 𝑥 −2 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥1/2 𝑦 1/2 = 𝑐

(𝑦 2 +1)
(iii) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − =𝑐
𝑥

15. A decaying e.m.f. E = 200 𝒆−𝟓𝒕 is connected in series with a 𝟐𝟎 𝛀 resistor and 0.01 F
capacitor. Assuming Q = 0 at t = 0, find the charge Q and current I at any time. Show that
the charge reaches a maximum. Calculate it and find out when it is reached.
2 1
Ans. 𝑄 = 10𝑡 𝑒 −5𝑡 , 𝑖 = 10 𝑒 −5𝑡 − 50 𝑡 𝑒 −5𝑡 ; 𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑒 at 𝑡 = 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
Advanced Questions
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
16. Find the rank of the matrix A = ⌈ 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 ⌉; a, b, c being all real.
𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟑
Ans. 3; if 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 ≠ 𝑐 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ≠ 0
2; if 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 ≠ 𝑐 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0
2; if 𝑎 = 𝑏 ≠ 𝑐
1; if 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐

17. Find the rank of the following matrix:


𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟒𝟐
𝟐
[𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟒𝟐 𝟓𝟐 ].
𝟑 𝟒𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟔𝟐
𝟒𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟔𝟐 𝟕𝟐
Ans. 3

18. Find all values of 𝝁 for which the rank of the matrix
𝝁 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝝁 −𝟏 𝟎 ] is equal to 3.
A=[
𝟎 𝟎 𝝁 −𝟏
−𝟔 𝟏𝟏 −𝟔 𝟏
Ans. 𝜇 = 1, 2, 3

19. Find the solution of the equation 𝒚′′ − 𝒚 = 𝟏 which vanishes when x = 0 and tends to a
finite limit as 𝒙 → −∞ .
Ans. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 −1

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
20. Solve the second order differential equation − 𝟒 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙.
𝒅𝒙𝟐
1 1 1 1
Ans. 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑐1 𝑒 √3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −√3𝑥 ) + 2 − 8 sin 𝑥 − 104 (3 sin 3𝑥 + 2 cos 3𝑥) + 146 (8 sin 2𝑥 +
3 cos 2𝑥).

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