Pakistan Studies

PAKISTAN STUDIES
PAKISTAN MOVEMENT
1900-1920
Course Facilitator:
Inayatullah Magsi
Lecturer, Allied Subjects Department
Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi-Pakistan
Pakistan Movement-1900-1920
 Partition of Bengal-1905 &

Simla Deputation-1906
INTRODUCTION
 Lord Curzon submitted the scheme to the
British government in February, 1905.
 The Secretary of state for India, St. John
Brodick approved the plan in June and
consequently the province of Bengal was
partitioned on 16th October, 1905.
 The province was divided into two
provinces Eastern Bengal with Decca as its
capital and Western Bengal with Calcutta as
its capital.
Cont.…
 The province of Eastern Bengal had

population of 31 million out of which 18
million were Muslims. On the other hand
Western Bengal had a population of 54
million out of which 45 million were
Hindus. The Eastern Bengal became a
Muslim majority province because out of
its 31 million population 18 million were
Muslims.
Partition of Bengal
Causes of Partition of Bengal
 Bengal was geographically too large with

densely population.
 The partition would bring administrative
efficiency.
 Less administrative burden on
government
 Deal with famine
 Attend to remote areas
 More efficient administration
Muslims’ Response
The Muslims welcomed the Partition of

Bengal for the following reasons:
 In the majority province of East Bengal
the Muslims would be free.
 They would get opportunities of services
and advancement of agriculture.
 The Partition could result in political
uplift and securing represent action in
the Government.
Hindus’ Response
 The Partition of Bengal had brightened the

possibility of betterment of Muslims; while
the Hindu landlords, capitalists and traders
wanted status quo.
 Hindu lawyers also reacted to the partition
of Bengal because they thought that the
new province would have its separate
courts and thus their practice would be
affected.
Reaction to the Partition
The Indian National Congress launched
Swadeshi Movement whose sole
purpose was to boycott of British
goods.
Swadeshi literally means of one’s own
country i.e. people should use goods
produced within the country. It was
intended to promote Indian industries
and strengthen the nation.
Annulment of the Partition
 Due to the high level of political unrest
generated by the partition, the eastern and
western parts of Bengal were reunited on
the occasion of the visiting His Majesty
George V to Indo-Pakistan and holding of
Darbar at Delhi on 12th December 1911 the
partition of Bengal was cancelled.
 The United Bengal was placed under a
Governor and Assam was placed under a
Chief Commissioner.
 Simla Deputation-1906
Simla Deputation-1906
Liberal Party won the election in

England in 1905. It believed in giving
adequate safeguards to Indian people
by introducing constitutional reforms.
So a delegation of prominent Muslim
Leaders from all over the country was
formed under the leadership of Sir
Agha Khan-III.
Preparation for Simla Deputation
 Arrangement of meetings among Muslim

personalities like Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Waqar-
ul-Mulk and Sir Agha Khan.
 Mohsin-ul-Mulk got the memorial signed by
1411183 Muslims from Peshawar to Bihar.
 Mr. Archbold (principal of M.A.O College),
contacted Dunlop Smith the private
secretary of viceroy and arranged a
meeting between Muslims and Lord Minto.
Formation of Simla Delegation
 A Muslim delegation comprising of 35

leaders headed by Sir Agha Khan-III
met Viceroy, Lord Minto at Simla on
October 1, 1906. The draft of Simla
Deputation was written by Syed Ali
Bilgrami.
Demands of Simla Delegation
 Muslims should be given the right to vote

under separate electoral system.
 The Muslims should be given
representation in the Imperial Legislative
Council in excess of their population.
 The Muslims should be given due share in
the gazetted and non-gazetted cadres.
Cont.…
 The Muslims should be appointed as judges

of High courts as well as chief courts.
 Seats should be reserved for Muslims in the
Senate and Syndicate of various
universities.
 Financial help should be given for setting
up a Muslim university.
 Muslims should be given representation in
the Executive council of Viceroy.
Lord Minto’s Response to The Muslim Leaders
 Lord Minto gave a patient hearing to the

demands of the Muslims presented by
Simla Deputation. He expressed his
complete agreement with the principles of
the separate electorates. He promised to
give a sympathetic consideration to the
demands and assured the deputation that
he would do all what was possible to meet
the demands.
Importance of Simla Delegation
 Separate electorate was accepted in Minto-Morley

Reforms in 1909.
 It created unity among Muslims.
 Protection of Muslim Rights and Interests.
 Representation in Administration and Judiciary.
 Educational Development of Muslims.
 Hindu-Muslim conflicts rose to the constitutional
level.
 Basis for creation of Muslim League and Pakistan
Movement.
 Establishment of Muslim
League-1906
Historical Perspective
 After the war of independence 1857, Sir
Syed Ahmad Khan advice the Muslims not
to join the congress and also tried to keep
them away from the politics. Till his death
in 1898 he worked for the Muslim Political
Interest itself but after the death of the Sir
Syed Ahmad Khan the Muslim felt that
their will be a separate political party of the
Muslims which worked for the Muslim
interest only.
Establishment of Muslim League
To meet the political needs of the

Muslims of India It was decided in the
annual meeting of the Muhammadan
Education Conference in Dhaka in 1906,
that a political party of the Muslims
should be established.
The Muslim League was founded on
30th December 1906 at Dhaka.
Causes of the Establishment of Muslim League
 Establishment of Indian National Congress

 Communalism (Sanghtan, Shudhi, Arya
samaj)
 Urdu Hindi Controversy
 Partition of Bengal
 Simla Deputation
 The British attitude (Political Reforms)
 Negative Role of Hindu Sectarian Parties
and Movements
Objectives of All India Muslim League
 To establish friendly relations between the

British government and the Muslims.
 To co-ordinate with other nations and
political parties in the sub-continent for the
common welfare.
 To protect the rights of the Muslims by
seeking government co-operation.
 To remove misunderstandings from the
minds of the British against the Muslims.
 Lucknow Pact-1916
Lucknow Pact-1916
 Lucknow Pact, (December 1916), agreement

made by the Indian National Congress
headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar
Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led
by Muhammad Ali Jinnah;
 It was adopted by the Congress at its
Lucknow session on December 29 and by
the League on December 31, 1916.
Importance of Lucknow Pact
The Lucknow Pact is seen as a beacon

of hope of Hindu-Muslim unity. It
established cordial relations between
the Muslim League and the Indian
National Congress. Before the pact,
both parties were viewed as rivals who
opposed each other and worked in
their own interests.
Main clauses of the Lucknow Pact
 There shall be self-government in India.

 Muslims should be given one-third
representation in the Central Government.
 There should be separate electorates for all
the communities until a community
demanded for joint electorates.
 System of weightage should be adopted.
Why was the Lucknow Pact signed?
The Lucknow Pact was signed after

both the Congress and the Muslim
League realized that they will have to
come together and jointly demand self
rule for India from British rulers.
THANK YOU

Pakistan Studies

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pakistan Studies

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PAKISTAN STUDIES

 Partition of Bengal-1905 &

 The province of Eastern Bengal had

 Bengal was geographically too large with

The Muslims welcomed the Partition of

 The Partition of Bengal had brightened the

Liberal Party won the election in

 Arrangement of meetings among Muslim

 A Muslim delegation comprising of 35

 Muslims should be given the right to vote

 The Muslims should be appointed as judges

 Lord Minto gave a patient hearing to the

 Separate electorate was accepted in Minto-Morley

To meet the political needs of the

 Establishment of Indian National Congress

 To establish friendly relations between the

 Lucknow Pact, (December 1916), agreement

The Lucknow Pact is seen as a beacon

 There shall be self-government in India.

The Lucknow Pact was signed after

You might also like