FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, BUILT ENVIRONMENT &

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ECV3143 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

LABORATORY REPORT 3

EXPERIMENT TITLE : DEFLECTION

GROUP :A
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 08/11/2022
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION : 15/11/2022
LECTURER : IR TS DR TENGKU ANITA RAJA HUSSIN

NO GROUP MEMBERS STUDENT ID

1 Lakitha Lawrance Hewa SUKD2102710

2 Paulo Vicente Mario Dos Reis Freitas SUKD2101570

3 Faris Salim Albargouth SUKD2101999

Description Peer Marks Marks

Table of Contents

Objectives
5
Apparatus

Reference

FIgure/Illustrations

Introduction 3

Procedure 3

Results & Analysis 3

Discussion 3

Conclusion 3
Total /20

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 Table of Contents

1. Introduction 2

2. Objective 3

3. Apparatus 4

4. Procedure 4

5. Result and Analysis 5

6. Disscussion 7

7. Conclusion 8

8. References 9

9. Appendix 10

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INTRODUCTION

Beam is a type of structure that is used to hold up heavy loads in different buildings. Any structure's
beams carry a lot of weight, which tries to bend them. The beams hold up the structure by resisting the
load-caused bending. How well a beam can hold up a load depends on what kind of beam it is, what it
is made of, and what shape it is. Along their length, beams create shear forces and bending moments
that make them work. A beam that is held up by a roller and a pin is called a "simple supported beam."
When loads are placed on a beam, the beam will bend. Fragile materials inside or attached to the beam
would break if it bent too much. To explain what deflection is, let's look at a simple cantilevered beam
with a weight (W) on the end:

A beam is a load-supporting member in any construction that is positioned horizontally and bears load
perpendicular to its length. On the basis of how it is put in a building, beams may be divided into four
distinct categories. First is a simply supported beam with supports at both ends, second is an
overhanging beam whose length extends beyond its supports, third is an overhanging beam with more
than two supports, and fourth is a cantilever beam with just one end fixed and the other end free. There
are three fundamental forms of beam supports, including fixed end support, pined connection support,
and roller end support. Any two of these three varieties may be utilised to support a single beam.
When a load is given to a beam, shear force is produced across its cross section to create bending
moment. According to its moment of inertia, the beam responds to this bending moment and shear
force. Moment of inertia of beam is a shape-dependent quantity that indicates the beam's resistance to
bending moment. The beam's modulus of elasticity is another component that contributes to its
bending resistance. It is the material-related feature of a beam that determines the strain produced by a

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given load. Force of inertia of beam and modulus of elasticity of beam material, when combined,
describe the beam's response to the applied bending moment. The beam's length is an additional
component that impacts its performance. Larger the length of the beam, the greater the moment of
bending produced by external load.

When a load is placed on a beam, the shear force delivered across its cross section area causes
the beam to bend. The moment of inertia of the beam determines how it will respond to the bending
moment and shear force. The attribute of a beam's moment of inertia, which depends on its form,
demonstrates the beam's capacity to withstand applied bending moments The modulus of elasticity of
the beam is another element that aids in its resistance to bending. When a specific load is applied to a
beam, its material-related properties determine the strain that results. When combined, the beam's
moment of inertia and elasticity modulus determine how the beam will react to a load-induced bending
moment.

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OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the relationship between deflection and an applied load on a beam

2. To determine the maximum deflection at mid span and maximum slope induced at the support
for a beam subjected to an increasing point load and a uniform distributed load

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APPARATUS

1. Simply supported beam

2. Dial gauge
3. Loads
4. Ruler

PROCEDURE
1. First, the equipment was set up, and a beam was placed on it.
2. Second, the dial gauge was positioned on its position
3. Weight was put on the third weight pan.
4. Each and every weight increase was read.
5. The tables' values were set up correctly.
6. The process was carried out again for various spans and beams.

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RESULTS & ANALYSIS

Length: 1 m
Width: 0.025 m
Thickness: 0.006 m

Load Deflection (mm) Average

(N) (mm)
Increase Decrease

0.5 0.09 0.04 0.065

1.0 0.19 0.16 0.175

1.5 0.29 0.26 0.275

2.0 0.41 0.35 0.380

2.5 0.54 0.49 0.515

3.0 0.65 0.60 0.625

Deflection,

1
𝐼 = 𝑏ℎ³
12
1
𝐼 = (0.025)(0.006)³
12
𝐼 = 4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰

𝐸 = 200 × 10⁻⁹

Theoretical calculation :

For 0.5N

𝑊𝐿³
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼
0.5 × 1³
𝛿=
48(200 × 10⁻⁹)(4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰)
𝛿 = 1.157 × 10¹⁴

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For 1.0N

𝑊𝐿³
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼
1 × 1³
𝛿=
48(200 × 10⁻⁹)(4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰)
𝛿 = 2.315 × 10¹⁴
For 1.5N

𝑊𝐿³
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼
1.5 × 1³
𝛿=
48(200 × 10⁻⁹)(4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰)
𝛿 = 3.472 × 10¹⁴
For 2.0N

𝑊𝐿³
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼
2 × 1³
𝛿=
48(200 × 10⁻⁹)(4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰)
𝛿 = 4.63 × 10¹⁴

For 2.5N

𝑊𝐿³
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼
2.5 × 1³
𝛿=
48(200 × 10⁻⁹)(4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰)
𝛿 = 5.787 × 10¹⁴
For 3.0N

𝑊𝐿³
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼
3 × 1³
𝛿=
48(200 × 10⁻⁹)(4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰)
𝛿 = 6.944 × 10¹⁴

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 DISCUSSION

From the above calculation, we used an electronic digital clipper to measure the beam's width and
thickness, and a long ruler to measure the length of the beam using only a simple support. For the load,
we applied 0.5 N to the dial gauge and recorded the reading. To increase the load, we applied another
0.5 N load and took the reading. We repeated this process six times. Following this, the load needed to
be decreased by taking one step at a time, and the reading needed to be taken.. According to the
aforementioned experimental and theoretical calculations, theoretical values are always smaller than
experimental values. This is due to the fact that theoretical values are derived from idealised situations,
neglecting several real-world factors such as broken equipment, human mistake, and human/machine
constraints. In addition to these facts, a rise in the beam's modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia
both reduce the beam's deflection. During an experiment, various materials behave differently.
Beam deflection is when a force, load, or weight causes a beam to change shape from its original shape.
Based on the data and the calculations, the deflection goes up as the load goes up. This also showed that
the graph goes up in a straight line. When the load goes up, it makes sense that the deflection will also
go up. This means that when a point load is put on a beam, the point where the load is placed will bend
or change shape, depending on how much load is put on it. The maximum deflection occurs at the point
where the load is subjected. The maximum deflection was calculated by using maximum deflection of
beam subjected to point load with different length formula;

Deflection,

The calculated results for the experimental value and the theoretical value disagree. This indicates that a
proportion of errors were obtained. The following errors might arise throughout the experiment:

1. Parallax error

 The eye position is not parallel to the scale of the equipment we used, which means that the
data we are recording is not correct.

2. Instrument error

 The instrument wasn't set up or was moved before the experiment began, which could make
it not work as well as it should.
 The instrument isn't in great shape, which makes the results a little off.

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CONCLUSION
From the experiment, it was clear that the beam's deflection reading goes up as the load on it goes up.
Based on the experiment, we can agree that the beam's deflection will always happen at the beam's
maximum bending moment, because that's where the deflection will be the highest. So, the goal of the
experiment has been met, which was to find the maximum deflection at midspan and the maximum
slope at the support for a beam that is subjected to a point load that is increasing and a uniformly
distributed load.
The objective of this laboratory work, which was to examine beam deflection, has been accomplished,
and four separate experiments involving three distinct materials and four distinct shapes have been
conducted. This lab work concludes that an increase in modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia
decreases the beam's deflection, whereas an increase in the number of loads, the magnitude of the load,
and the distance of the load from the ends increases the beam's deflection. The deflection of each beam
is determined by its modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia. It is also possible to conclude that
experimental deflection values are always greater than calculated values.

REFERENCES

Studocu, 2021. Deflection of Beam Lab [online]

Available at: https://www.studocu.com/my/document/universiti-teknologi-mara/structures-and-
materials-laboratory/deflection-of-beam-lab/9971145

Green Machine,2022. Deflection of Simply Supported Beam [online]

Available at:
https://www.green-mechanic.com/2019/05/deflection-of-beam-lab-report-simply.html

https://www.studocu.com/my/document/universiti-teknologi-mara/structural-engineering-lab/deflection-beam-
lab/13516499?origin=home-recent-1

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APPENDIX

Figure 1: 1 meter simply supported beam Figure 2: Dial gauge, with rod to carry the loads

Figure 3: The loads Figure 4: Electronic digital caliper, to measure

the width and thickness

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