Svcet: Μsec (Called 1/50 Μsec Wave)

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK UNIT 4
SVCET
SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
EE 6701–HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
UNIT-V HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING AND INSULATION COORDINATION
PART-A
1. Name the different types of standard tests conducted on high voltage apparatus.
 Type Test - To check the design features
 Routine Test - To check the quality of the individual test piece.
 High Voltage Tests Include
o Power frequency tests
o Impulse tests
2. What is the test conducted on bushings?

 Power Factor-Voltage Test
 Internal or Partial discharge Test
 Momentary Withstand Test at Power frequency
 One Minute withstand Test at Power Frequency
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 Visible Discharge Test at Power Frequency
 Impulse voltage tests- a. Full wave Withstand Test , b. Chopper Wave withstand Test
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3. Define withstand voltage.

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The voltage which has to be applied to a test object under specified conditions in a withstand
test is called the withstand voltage [as per IS: 731 and IS: 2099-1963].
4. Define impulse voltage.

 Impulse voltages are characterized by,
o Polarity,
o Peak value,
o Time to front (tf), and
o Time to half the peak value after the peak (tt).
 According to IS: 2071 (1973), standard impulse is defined as one with t f = 1.2μSec, tt =50
μSec (called 1/50 μSec wave).
 The tolerances allowed are ±3% on the peak value, ±30% in the front time, and ±20% in
the tail time.
5. Differentiate type test and routine test. (or) What do you mean by type tests and routine
test?
Type Tests:
 These tests are intended to prove or check the design features and quality
 Type tests are done on samples when new designs or design changes are introduced.
EE6701 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Page 1

SVCET
Routine Tests:
 Routine tests are intended to check the quality of the individual test piece.
 Routine tests are done to ensure the reliability of the individual test objects and quality
and consistency of the materials used in their manufacture.
6. Define disruptive discharge voltage.

The Voltage that produces loss of dielectric strength of equipment is called
disruptive discharge voltage. In solid-it is called puncture. In liquid or air-it is called
Flashover.
7. Define creeping distance.
It is the shortest distance on the contour of the external surface of the insulator unit or
between two metals fitting on the insulator
8. What is insulation co-ordination?

The process of bringing the insulation strengths of electrical equipment and buses into the
proper relationship with expected overvoltages and with the characteristics of the insulating
media and surge protective devices to obtain an acceptable risk of failure.
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9. Define 50% and 100% flashes over voltage.
50% Flashover Voltage:
This is the voltage which has a probability of 50% flashover, when applied to a test
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object. This is normally applied in impulse tests in which the loss of insulation strength is
temporary.
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100% Flashover Voltage:

The voltage that causes a flashover at each of its applications under specified conditions
when applied to test objects is specified as hundred per cent flashover voltage.
10. Differentiate flashover and puncture.

Flashover: It is a discharge over the surface of the insulation systems.
Puncture or Spark over: It is a discharge through the insulation systems. If the insulation is
solid, it could not able to regain its insulation strength after puncture.
11. What are the different tests done on insulators?

 Type Test - To check the design features
 Routine Test - To check the quality of the individual test piece.
 High Voltage Tests Include
o Power frequency tests Impulse tests
12. What is an isolator?

 It is an off-load or minimum current breaking mechanical switch.
 Explained according to “IS:9921 Part-1, 1981”.
 Interrupting small currents(0.5A): Capacitive currents of bushings, busbars etc.,

SVCET
13. What are the test conducted on isolators and circuit breakers?
The main tests conducted on the circuit breakers and isolator switches are
i. Dielectric tests or overvoltage tests,
ii. Temperature rise tests,
iii. Mechanical tests, and
iv. Short circuit tests
14. What is the test conducted on transformer?

 Induced Overvoltage Test
 Partial Discharge Tests
 Impulse Test
15. What are partial discharges?

These are the discharges due to presence of void or any other inclusions inside of the
dielectrics. The partial discharges may not be suddenly bridge the electrode; but is increasing
with the duration of the operation.
16. What is the test conducted on surge arresters?

 Power frequency spark over test
 Impulse sparkover test
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 Residual voltage test
 Impulse current withstand test
17. What is the test conducted on cables?
C
Different tests on cables are

SV
i. Mechanical tests like bending test, dripping and drainage test, and fire resistance and
corrosion tests
ii. Thermal duty tests
iii. Dielectric power factor tests
iv. Power frequency withstand voltage tests
v. Impulse withstand voltage tests
vi. Partial discharge test
vii. Life expectancy tests
18. Why is insulation coordination needed?

 To ensure the reliability & continuity of service
 To minimize the number of failures due to over voltages
 To minimize the cost of design, installation and operation
19. State the principle that is followed in the insulation design of EHV and UHV
substations.
In EHV and UHV substations, the insulation design is mainly based on the consideration of
switching surges whereas in high voltage substations consider lightning surges.

SVCET
20. Explain the reasons for conducting wet tests on high voltage apparatus and give the
specifications for the water used for wet tests.
The wet test is carried to satisfy the service condition of the HV apparatus. The test object is
subjected to spray of water with the following specifications:
 Precipitation Rate :310% (mm/min)
 Direction of Spray: 450 to the vertical
 Conductivity : 100 micro-siemens 10%
 Water Temperature : Ambient 15%
PART - B
1. With a neat sketch explain the impulse testing on the power transformer.
2. Discuss the various test carried out in a circuit breaker at HV labs.
3. What are the different power frequency tests done on bushings? Mention the procedure
for testing.
4. Briefly discuss the various tests carried out the insulator.
5. What is meant by insulation coordination? How are the protective devices chosen for
optimal insulation level in a power system?
6. Explain the terms:
(i) With stand voltage (ii) Flash over voltage

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(iii) 50% flash over voltage (iv) Wet and dry power frequency tests
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7. Explain the following terms used in HV testing as per the standards:

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(i) Disruptive discharge voltage (ii) Creepage distance
(iii) Impulse voltage (iv) 100% flash over voltage.
8(i) What are the tests conducted on circuit breakers and isolator switches? Explain about
any one of the tests.
(ii) What are different tests conducted on cables? Explain any one of them.

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SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK UNIT 4

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR

2. What is the test conducted on bushings?

3. Define withstand voltage.

4. Define impulse voltage.

EE6701 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Page 1

6. Define disruptive discharge voltage.

disruptive discharge voltage. In solid-it is called puncture. In liquid or air-it is called

8. What is insulation co-ordination?

100% Flashover Voltage:

10. Differentiate flashover and puncture.

11. What are the different tests done on insulators?

12. What is an isolator?

EE6701 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Page 2

14. What is the test conducted on transformer?

15. What are partial discharges?

16. What is the test conducted on surge arresters?

Different tests on cables are

18. Why is insulation coordination needed?

EE6701 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Page 3

(i) With stand voltage (ii) Flash over voltage

7. Explain the following terms used in HV testing as per the standards:

(i) Disruptive discharge voltage (ii) Creepage distance

(iii) Impulse voltage (iv) 100% flash over voltage.

any one of the tests.

EE6701 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Page 4

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