Simple present tense

Definition: The Simple Present Tense is a tense used to indicate an action or occurrence that is
happening on a regular basis or occurs in the present. It is expressed in the base form of the verb.
The Simple Present Tense is commonly used when talking about routine activities, facts,
permanent situations, or future arrangements that have been previously planned.
The most common form of simple present tense is:
subject + present verb(V1) + object, for example: "He reads the book."
Different forms of simple present tense in different types of sentences
Simple present tense in negative statements
For negative simple present tense statements, the form is:
Subject + do/does + not + verb + object.
Examples
I do not watch TV on Sundays.
He does not like country music.
Note that: we use do/ does only for action verbs, in some special cases we may not use do/ does
Examples
You can’t go out today.(auxiliary verb)
We aren’t happy.(verb to be)
Simple present tense in questionary statements
The form of simple present tense in questions is:
"Do + subject + verb + object?"
Do you like ice cream?
Do you want to go for a walk?
Note that: we use do/ does only for action verbs, in some special cases we may not use do/ does
Simple present tense in passive sentences
In active sentences, the simple present tense is transformed into a passive form like it is:
subject + to be + V3 + by + object.
Example
Cars are driven on the roads.
Trees are planted in the park.
Mistakes are made by everyone.
Uses of simple present tense
1. To express a habit or regular action:
The simple present tense is used for habitual or repeated actions. some common words such as;
regularly, every day, habitually, consistently, every night can be used in this cases.
Example
I eat breakfast every morning.
The above sentence is in the present tense and conveys an action that occurs on a regular basis.
This action can happen multiple times throughout the day or week, and the sentence structure
stays the same regardless. The use of the simple present tense implies a consistency or routine in
the action being discussed.
More examples:
He always gets up early.
we regularly go out for weekends.
2. To express a universal truth:
The simple present tense is used to express universal truths or statements that are generally
accepted as true
Example
The Earth is round.
In this sentence, the simple present tense is used to convey that the statement is true no matter
when it is being stated. It is a universal truth that the Earth is round, so by using the simple
present tense we can show that this is the case at all times, and in all circumstances.
More example
The Sun rises in the east.
Water boils at 100 degree Celsius.
3. To describe future events:
Simple present tense can be used to describe future events when an event is planned, scheduled,
or certain to take place in the near future.
Example
The train leaves at 8 pm.
This indicates a planned event in the future.
More examples
I start my new job next Monday
The bus leaves at 5 PM
4. To express a condition:
The Simple Present tense is used in expressing conditions with "if" and "unless" clauses.
For example: If I have time, I will go to the party.
Unless it rains, we will go to the beach.
This type of conditional sentence is referred to as an Open Condition because the possible
outcomes are unknown. In the sentences above, either event may happen (I may have time or it
may not rain).
Another way to express conditions with the Simple Present tense is with "when", "as long as", or
"provided that".
For example: I will help you when you need it.
We can go as long as we agree to be home by 10pm.
These types of conditional sentences are referred to as Closed Conditions because they indicate a
known outcome or set of parameters. In the sentences above, the outcome or parameters are
predetermined (help will be given when needed and we must be home by 10pm).
5. To express wishes or requests:
The Simple Present tense can be used in expressing wishes or requests by using an imperative
form. An imperative form is when the verb is used in the base form without an expressed subject.
This can be used to express wishes, suggestions, requests, or invitations.
Example
Help yourself to some food.
Please pass the salt
These are requests expressed using the Simple Present tense. The subject is understood as 'you',
so it is not included in the sentence.

Simple past tense

Definition: The simple past tense is a verb form that describes events that happened or existed in
the past. It expresses a single completed action in the past, regardless of when the action
happened. Common usage of the simple past tense includes reporting events, asking questions
about the past, or describing what someone or something did or used to do in the past.
The most common form of simple past tense is :
Subject + Past Verb(V2) + Object.
Example: ate an apple.
Note that: Regular verbs are changed to the past tense by adding "-ed" to the end of the verb.
Example: "jump" would become "jumped" in the past tense.
Irregular verbs are changed to the past tense by changing the word completely.
Example: "go" would become "went" in the past tense.
Different forms of simple past tense in different types of sentences
Simple past tense in negative statements
For negative simple past tense statements the form is:
subject + didn't + verb + object.
Example:
I did not forget to feed the cat.
They did not tell me the truth.
He did not invite me to the dinner.
Simple past tense in questionary statements
For positive statements, the form of simple past tense in questions is:
did + subject + verb + object?
Examples:
Did you go to the beach yesterday?
Did he walk to the store yesterday afternoon?
Note that: we use did only for action verbs, in some special cases we may not use did.
Example:
Was she excited to see you last week? (verb to be)
Have you visited a foreign country before? (auxiliary verb)
Simple past tense in passive sentences
For simple past tense in passive voice, the form is:
was/were + past participle + by + subject
Example:
The room was being cleaned by the janitor.
The laptop was being serviced by the technician.
Uses of simple past tense
1. we use the simple past tense to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past:
The simple past tense is a grammatical tense used to describe actions that occurred at a specific point in
the past. This tense is formed by adding "-ed" to the base form of a regular verb, or by using the irregular
verb form.
Example
I walked to the store.
She ate breakfast at 7am
In these sentences, the verbs "walked" and "ate" are in the simple past tense, indicating that the actions
occurred at a specific time in the past.
Note that: the simple past tense is not used to talk about ongoing actions or events that happened over a
period of time. Instead, it is used to describe a single event that happened and is now complete.
2. we use it to talk about past habits or routines:
Simple past tense is commonly used to talk about past habits or routines. It refers to actions or
events that happened at a specific time in the past and are no longer happening now.
Example:

I used to go for a run every morning before work

She always drank coffee in the morning

In both sentences, the simple past tense is used to describe a habit or routine that happened
regularly in the past. It is important to note that when using the simple past tense to talk about
past habits, we typically use time expressions such as "always," "usually," or "every day" to
emphasize the regularity of the action. By using the simple past tense to talk about past habits or
routines, we can provide a clear picture of how someone used to live or behave in the past.

3. we use it to describe a series of completed actions in the past:

To describe a series of completed actions in the past, simple past tense can be used to show the order of events.

Example:

She woke up, brushed her teeth, and got dressed.

I studied for three hours, took a break, and then continued studying.

In these sentences, each action happened in a specific order and was completed before the next action began.
In this sentence.

4. we use it on conditional sentence type two:

Simple past tense is used in conditional sentences when talking about a hypothetical situation that is unlikely
or impossible to happen in the present or future. In this case, the if-clause is in simple past tense, and the main
clause is in would/could + base form of the verb.

Example:

If I knew how to play the guitar, I would join the band.

In this sentence, the speaker is talking about a hypothetical situation in the past (not knowing how to play the
guitar) and what they would do if it were different (join the band).

5. we use it to talk about finished actions that have no connection to the present:
if we want to talk about a past event that is finished and has no connection to the present, we can use simple
past tense.

Example:

I went to the beach yesterday.

She cooked dinner last night

These are both examples of using simple past tense to describe a completed action in the past. It is important to
note that simple past tense is only used to talk about finished events and cannot be used to describe ongoing or
habitual actions.

Present perfect tense

Definition: the present perfect tense is a tense which commonly used to indicate actions or events
that began in the past and are still continuing. It is often used to connect the present with the past
and to indicate something that happened at an indefinite time.
The most common form of present perfect tense is:
subject + Have/Has + past participle(V3) + object
example: I have seen that movie.
Different forms of present perfect tense in different types of sentences
Present perfect tense in negative statements
For negative present perfect tense statements, the form is:
Subject + has/have + not + verb + object.
Examples
I haven’t written my English assignment yet.
She hasn’t finished her homework.
Present perfect tense in questionary statements
The form of present perfect tense in questions is:
"has/have + subject + verb + object?"
Examples:
Have you done any research for the project?
Have you done your homework?
Present perfect tense in passive sentences
In active sentences, the present perfect tense is transformed into a passive form like it is:
Object + has/have been + past participle verb(v3) + by+ subject
Example
The house has been painted by the contractors
The tree has been planted by the Gardner
Uses of present perfect tense
1. present perfect is used to indicate past action linked with present:
It expresses an action that started in the past and continues until now. This can refer to something
that has just began in the past and has an effect on the present.
Example:
I have worked in the company for ten years.
He has eaten dinner.
I have written a letter.
3. it is used to talk about repeated actions:
The present perfect tense used to talk about actions that occurred in the past and been repeated
more than once or many times , usually over extended period of time.
Example:
I have been running for two years.
This sentence implies that the person has been engaging in the action of running for the last two
years
More examples:
She has studied French for six years.
I have seen the movie five times
4. it used to indicate recently finished activity:
Present perfect tense can be used to indicate something that happened very recently, even if it
isn’t known when exactly it happened.
Example:
I just have finished my essay
Note that: we use the word “just” in the case of indicating immediate or very recent actions.
Past perfect tense
Definition: is a tense which usually used to indicate an action that took place in the past prior to
another action that also happened in the past and also commonly used inwhen speaking of
multiple events that occurred at different times in the past.
The most common form of past perfect tense is:
subject + had + past participle(V3) + object
example: I had gone to the school before she arrived
Different forms of present perfect tense in different types of sentences
Present perfect tense in negative statements
For negative Past perfect tense statements, the form is:
Subject + had + not + verb + object.
Examples
They hadn’t studied for the test when it was handed out.
They hadn’t finished their project on time.
Past perfect tense in questionary statements
The form of Past perfect tense in questions is:
"had + subject + verb + object?"
Examples:
Had she done her homework?
Had they read the book?
Past perfect tense in passive sentences
In active sentences, the Past perfect tense is transformed into a passive form like it is:
Object + had been + past participle verb(v3) + by+ subject
Example:
Cake had been eaten by the time the guests arrived.
Fire had been put out by the time the firefighters arrived.
Uses of present perfect tense
1. The past perfect tense is often used to indicate an action which had happened before another
past action:
2. it can be used to show an action which started in the past and continued until another time in
the past :
3. it can be used to make contrastive comparison between two past events:
4. it can also be used in conditional sentence type three: