3 Hvac
3 Hvac
3 Hvac
2.0
2.0 HVAC
2.1 General 2.1.3 Air-Conditioning
Standards
2.1 General 2.1.1 Definition of Air-
Conditioning 1.Cooling and De-humidifying
2.2 Refrigeration for summer cooling, temperatures of 68
Cycle deg to 74 deg F and 50% relative
the simultaneous control of the
humidity are a frequent design average.
2.3 Types of Air- temperature, humidity, motion and
Conditioning purity of the air in a confined space. 2. Heating and Humidifying
Systems for winter cooling, temperatures of 70 deg
2.4 Air-Conditioning
2.1.2 Functions or to 75 deg F and relative humidity of 30%
to 35% are found most satisfactory.
Equipment Elements of Air-
Conditioning 3. Air Motion
2.5 Heating air velocity should average 4.57 to 7.6
Systems
1. Cooling and de-humidifying of air meters per min measured 36” above the
2. Heating or humidifying of air floor.
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC 3. Cleaning of air or filtration
4. Air Supply
Concerning HVAC 4. Circulation of air a. 5 cuft to 7-1/2 cuft of air per minute per
person (5-71/2 cuft/min/pers). In rooms
where smoking is not allowed
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.0 HVAC
2.2 Refrigeration Cycle *Freon - refrigerant used for cooling.
Mechanical refrigeration is based upon the
alternate liquefying and evaporating of a volatile
1. Freon* is a gas at normal temperature liquid with a low boiling point usually Freon 12
2.1 General (Dichlorodiflouromethane) or Freon 11
and pressure. It is first subjected to high
pressure in a compressor which raises its (Trichloromonoflouromethane) during which
2.2 Refrigeration processes it respectively gives off and takes in
boiling point and temperature. heat. The desirable properties of Freon are: a)
Cycle
high heat of vaporization; b) moderate pressure
2. At the same high pressure, the vapor is change for low to high temperature range; c)
2.3 Types of Air- non-toxic; d) incombustible; e) non-explosive;
piped into condenser coils where it is
Conditioning and f) non-corrosive.
cooled by water to a degree below its
Systems
liquefaction point. It condenses into a
liquid state and still under high pressure,
2.4 Air-Conditioning
passes to the evaporator.
Equipment
3. In the evaporator, the pressure is
2.5 Heating
relieved by the suction stroke of the
Systems
compressor. The boiling point of the
liquid refrigerant drops and evaporation
2.6 Provisions in into a vapor takes place. The water
the NBC which surrounds the evaporator coils
Concerning HVAC gives up its heat in causing the
vaporization at low pressure, thus
reducing its temperature to the
temperature of the refrigerant. The cold
water can then be piped at this low
temperature to any desired point and
sprayed to cool the passing air. The
refrigerant is sucked back into the
compressor and the cycle recommences
2.0 HVAC
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning Systems
2.1 General
1. Central Systems
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle All-Season Centralized Air
Conditioning System consists of
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning the following:
Systems
a. A method of cooling,
a refrigeration plant
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment b. A source of heating
such as a boiler or
2.5 Heating furnace
Systems
c. An Air Handling Unit
(AHU) equipped with
2.6 Provisions in filters, pre-heater,
the NBC spray, cooling coils
Concerning HVAC and re-heater
e. The necessary
manual or automatic
controls
2.0 HVAC
2. Split Type Air Conditioning
System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.4 Air-Conditioning
AHU
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems FCU
(FAN COIL
UNIT)
2.6 Provisions in COMP.
the NBC CONDENSER
Concerning HVAC EVAPORATOR
ACCU
(AIR CONDITIONING
CONDENSING UNIT)
ACCU
2.0 HVAC
3. Window Type Air Conditioning
System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.0 HVAC
2.4 Air-Conditioning 2. Condensers
Equipment
a) Air-cooled Condensers
2.1 General
used in unit and packaged-type air-
2.4.1 The Refrigeration conditioners up to 3 tons
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle Plant refrigeration.
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.0 HVAC
2.4.6 Control Equipment 2. Actuating or Operating
Devices
2.1 General 1. Sensing Devices
a) Dampers
2.2 Refrigeration a) Humidistat These control the flow of air and are
Cycle or Hygrostat is a controller, sensitive in the form of louvers.
to the amount of humidity in the air.
2.3 Types of Air- b) Control Valves
Conditioning These are valves with variable
b) Thermostat
Systems orifices which are moved by motors
a controller which responds to
2.4 Air-Conditioning changes in temperature. to present smaller or larger
Equipment openings as directed by a
c) Pressure Regulators thermostat.
2.5 Heating are instruments sensitive to changes
Systems in pressure. They may control a c) Relays
single pressure or a differential These are devices that use electrical
2.6 Provisions in energy to amplify or convert the
the NBC between two pressures.
power of a thermostat or other
Concerning HVAC
controllers so that the resultant force
will be sufficient and adaptable to
operate a valve or damper.
2.0 HVAC
2.5 Heating Systems
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.0 HVAC
2.5.2 Steam Heating
System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
1. Air-Vent System (One-Pipe
2.3 Types of Air- Gravity System)
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
2. Vacuum System (Two-pipe
Concerning HVAC
Steam Heating System)
2.0 HVAC
2.5.4 Hot Water Heating
System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.0 HVAC
2.6 Provisions in the Capacity of Works, Project or
NBC Concerning HVAC Plant
The total horsepower of all engines,
2.1 General motors, turbines or other prime movers
2.6.1 Definitions installed, whether in operation or not.
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle Compressor
Accidental Contact
Any inadvertent physical contact with A mechanical device for the purpose of
2.3 Types of Air- increasing the pressure upon the
Conditioning power transmission equipment, prime
movers, machines or machine parts refrigerant.
Systems
which could result from slipping, falling,
2.4 Air-Conditioning sliding, tripping or any other unplanned Condenser
action or movement. A vessel or arrangement of pipes or
Equipment
tubing in which vaporized refrigerant is
Air Conditioning liquefied by the removal of heat.
2.5 Heating
Systems The process of treating air so as to control
simultaneously its temperature, humidity, Condemned Boiler or Unfired
2.6 Provisions in cleanliness and distribution to meet the Pressure Vessel
the NBC requirements of the conditioned space. A boiler or unfired pressure vessel that
Concerning HVAC has been inspected by the Building
Boiler Official and declared unsafe or
A closed vessel for heating water or for disqualified and power stamped or
application of heat to generate steam or marked designating its rejection.
other vapor to be used externally or to
itself.
2.0 HVAC
Crane External Inspection
Means a machine for lifting or lowering a An inspection made on boiler during
load and moving it horizontally, the operation.
2.1 General hoisting mechanism being an integral part
of the machine. Guarded
2.2 Refrigeration Shielded, fenced or otherwise protected
Cycle Duct by means of suitable enclosure guards,
A passageway made of sheet metal or covers or standard railings, so as to
2.3 Types of Air- other suitable material not necessarily preclude the possibility of accidental
Conditioning leak tight, for conveying air or other gases contact or dangerous approach to
Systems at low pressure. persons or objects.
4. Boilers of more than 46 sqm 9. Each boiler shall have at least one
heating surface shall each be safety valve. For boilers having more
provided with two means of feeding than 46 sqm pressure of water heating
water, one steam driven and one surface or a generating capacity
electrically driven, one pump and exceeding 907 kg per hour, two (2) or
one injector. more safety valves shall be required.
2.0 HVAC
10. Each boiler shall have a steam 13. Upon the completion of the
gauge, with a dial range of not less installation, the Building Official shall
than 1-1/2 times and not more than conduct an inspection and test, after
2.1 General which a certificate of operation for a
twice the maximum allowable
period not exceeding one year shall be
2.2 Refrigeration working pressure. It may be issued upon payment of the required
Cycle connected to the steam space or to inspection fees.
the steam connection to the water
2.3 Types of Air- column. 14. The Building Official shall notify the
Conditioning owner in writing of the intended date of
Systems 11. Whenever repairs/replacements the annual inspection at least 15 days in
advance. However, the owner may
2.4 Air-Conditioning
are made on fittings or appliances, request a postponement in writing of said
Equipment the work shall comply with the inspection and the Building Official shall
section on New Installation of the fix a date for inspection agreeable to both,
2.5 Heating Philippine Mechanical Engineering but not to exceed 30 days from the
Systems Code. intended date.
2.6 Provisions in 12. After a permit has been granted 15. The owner or user of a boiler shall
the NBC prepare the same for inspection by
to install a boiler/pressure
Concerning HVAC cooling it down blanking off all
vessel/pressurized water heater connections to adjacent boilers, removing
upon payment of the installation all soot and ashes from tubes, heads,
fees thereof, it shall be the duty of shell, furnace and combustion chamber.
the Building Official to make periodic The owner shall assist the Building
inspection of the installation to Official by providing all labor and
determine compliance with the equipment required during said
inspection.
approved plans and specifications.
2.0 HVAC
2.6.3 Refrigeration and Air- 5. Where ducts pass thru walls, floors
Conditioning or partitions, the space around the duct
shall be sealed with fire resistant
2.1 General 1. The temperature and humidity of material equivalent to that of the wall,
the air to be used for comfortable floor or partition, to prevent the
2.2 Refrigeration cooling shall be maintained at 68-74ºF passage of flame or smoke.
Cycle
effective temperature at an air
movement from 4.57 to 7.60 MPM 6. When ducts or the outlets or inlets
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
within the living zone. to them pass through fire walls, they
Systems shall be provided with automatic fire
2. Water from evaporators, dampers on both sides of the fire wall
2.4 Air-Conditioning condensers and other machinery shall through which they pass.
Equipment be properly collected into a suitable
water or drainage system. 7. Fire doors and fire dampers shall
2.5 Heating be arranged to close automatically and
Systems 3. Ducts shall be constructed entirely remain tightly closed, upon the
of non-combustible materials such as operation of a fusible link or other
2.6 Provisions in steel, iron, aluminum or other approved heat actuated device,
the NBC approved materials. Only fire retardant located where readily affected by an
Concerning HVAC lining shall be used on the inside of abnormal rise of temperature in the
ducts. duct.
refrigeration
HEATING,
VENTILATION AND
AIR-CONDITIONING
END