TASK 7

SOCIAL PATHOLOGY AND CRIMINOLOGY

“DRUG ADDICT”

Lecturer Courses :
Prof. Dr. Firman, M.S., Kons.
Nilma Zola, M.Pd., Kons

Rahma Putri Karlin

19006036

DEPARTEMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

FACULTY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
2022
 DRUG ADDICT
A. Limitations and Laws on Drugs
The law on narcotics : UU NO. 35, LN. 2009/NO.143, TLN. NO. 5062, LL State
Secretariat: 96 page
a. Narcotics crime has a transnational nature which is carried out using a high modus
operandi, sophisticated technology, supported by a wide network of organizations, and
has caused many victims, especially among the nation's younger generation which is
very dangerous to the life of society, nation and state so that the Law Law Number 22
of 1997 concerning Narcotics is no longer appropriate with the development of the
situation and conditions that are developing to tackle and eradicate these criminal acts,
so it is necessary to establish a new Law concerning Narcotics.
b. The legal basis for this law is: Pasal 5 ayat (1) and Pasal 20 of the 1945 Constitution of
the Republic of Indonesia; Law Number 8 of 1976 concerning Ratification of the 1961
Narcotics Single Convention and the 1972 Protocol Amending it; and Law Number 7
of 1997 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (United Nations
Convention on the Eradication of Illicit Traffic in Narcotics and Psychotropic
Substances, 1988).
c. This Law regulates: Narcotics Precursor; criminal sanction for abuse of Narcotics
Precursor for production of Narcotics; strengthening existing institutions, namely the
National Narcotics Agency (BNN); expansion of wiretapping investigation techniques,
under cover buy techniques, and controlled delivery techniques, as well as other
investigative techniques to track and uncover the abuse and illicit traffic of Narcotics
and Narcotics Precursor; cooperation, both bilateral, regional and international; and
community participation in efforts to prevent and eradicate the abuse of Narcotics and
Narcotics Precursor, including giving awards to members of the public who have
contributed to efforts to prevent and eradicate the abuse of Narcotics and Narcotics
Precursor.
Notes :
- This law comes into force on the date of promulgation on October 12, 2009.
 - With the enactment of this Law: Law Number 22 of 1997 concerning Narcotics;
and Attachments regarding the types of Psychotropics Group I and Group II as
listed in the Appendix to Law Number 5 of 1997 concerning Psychotropics which
have been transferred to Narcotics Group I according to this Law, are revoked and
declared no longer valid.
- Regulations for implementing this Law must have been stipulated no later than 1
(one) year after this Law was promulgated.
- This law consists of 17 Bab and 155 Pasal.
- Explanation 29 p., Appendix 9 p.
In order to provide a clear understanding of this law, it is necessary to follow
developments starting from the types of narcotics, the criminal process, to the mention of
the terms. The classification of narcotics groups in this law is divided into 3 types of groups
that fall into the category of narcotics. The categories for the distribution of the types of
Narcotics Group are as follows:
- Group I, types of narcotics that are generally known to the public include marijuana,
methamphetamine, cocaine, opium, heroin, etc.;
- Group II, types of narcotics that are generally known to the public, including morphine,
pertidine, etc.;
- Group III, Types of Narcotics that are generally known to the public include Codeine,
etc.
In Pasal 1 number 13 and number 15 of this law regulates two classifications of
narcotics users (abusers and addicts). What is actually the spirit or philosophical foundation
of the renewal of the Narcotics Law, in addition to preventing and eradicating narcotics,
also has a passion to protect and save young people who have become drug users.
In this law, narcotics users are also referred to as victims of the narcotics
circulation. Because the more circulation of narcotics, the more abusers or addicts who are
caught. Therefore, the state/government in this case intervenes in the process of prevention
and eradication, but also in the process of massively saving/protecting young people who
have become victims of narcotics.
The state/government creates a special agency, namely the National Narcotics
Agency (BNN) with the main task of dealing with Narcotics problems, not only prevention
 and eradication, but also up to the rescue/rehabilitation stage for people who have been
exposed to becoming drug abusers or addicts. The government also provides a sizable
budget to create rehabilitation homes, and cooperates with public and private hospitals to
help save victims of drug abusers or addicts.
B. Forms of Drug Addicts
a. Characteristics of Addicts seen from Cognitive Functions
1. Low level of alertness
An addict often fails in terms of responding to how their actions affect
others and how their behavior affects them. They are often deterred from using
"consequential thinking" by mental blocking, distraction and impulsive behavior.
2. Inability to make proper judgments
This trait is evident in the context of making decisions, solving problems
and reading the life consequences of their behavior. This weakness is caused by the
low ability to control impulses and suppress desires.
3. Less Sharp Judging
An addict is less able to make connections between what they experience
and the determinants of that experience. As a result, they cannot understand the
relationship between thoughts and behavior using drugs
4. Less Realistic
An addict is less able to judge themselves, others and life situations that
occur. Addicts often find it difficult to distinguish between feelings and reality and
between wants and needs. This causes addicts to be unrealistic when making
judgments about themselves.

5. Less Able to Think Clearly

Addicts are often unskilled in terms of thinking and vocational skills.
Addicts do not have attitudes and habits that can support their readiness to face the
existing realities of life. As a result, it is difficult for an addict to be able to foster a
productive and normative lifestyle in society.

b. Characteristics of Addicts seen from the Perception of Addicts

 1. Low self-esteem
Addicts have a blurred self-concept, see themselves less positively because
they have anti-social attitudes and experiences of criminal behavior. Negative self-
image encourages addicts to label themselves.
2. Negative social identity
The experience of using drugs in groups causes the formation of a negative
social identity. This has an impact on an addict being unable to know themselves
properly.

c. Characteristics of addicts seen from their emotions

1. Inability to tolerate discomfort
Addicts often have difficulty feeling, expressing, and responding to feelings
effectively. They often lose their temper and get out of control so they do negative
things when their feelings are hurt or they feel they are not being treated fairly.
2. Anger and enmity
The attitude and actions of the addict are accompanied by emotion, often
fueled by passionate feelings of anger and hostility. These symptoms are caused by
the influence of the social environment or are their characteristics to escape from
the existing reality.
3. Emotional lability and divorce
Addicts have an unstable emotional state because of symptoms of dysphoria
(disturbed feeling), so they rarely experience emotional well-being. This is
expressed in somatic complaints, consistently negative mood and mild depression.
Addicts also have symptoms of "Anhedonia", namely the inability to enjoy pleasure
so that they often act defensively and aggressively.
4. Less skilled at controlling emotions
Addicts have difficulty controlling their feelings so that they often act
impulsively and excessively when responding to interpersonal or environmental
factors. Conditions such as disappointment, boredom, lack of enthusiasm, often
encourage addicts to do things that eventually bring problems to themselves.
d. Characteristics of Addicts seen from Social Interaction
1. An entitlement attitude
An attitude of entitlement encourages them to feel unfairly treated when
their needs are not met. The addict often complains, is compulsive and responds to
his rights as rights and not as rewards that must be earned to obtain them. This
attitude is a weakness that hinders the coaching process. The right that should be
focused on is the right to have the opportunity to change, to receive help and
guidance and to try to fulfill the desires and needs in a way that is appropriate in
society.
2. Irresponsible attitude
Addicts cannot be relied on to be able to meet the demands of themselves
and others. Ironically, addicts are very obsessive in their efforts to meet the needs
related to drug use.
3. Inconsistent achievements
Sometimes there is time for an addict to be responsible, but suddenly this
attitude disappears suddenly and it cannot be determined when this attitude will
come back. This is due to the habit of avoiding responsibility in the past. Addicts'
actions are often driven by narrow mindsets, pressing needs, manipulative behavior
and fears of dealing with uncomfortable situations.
4. Loss of trust
Actions that can damage other people's trust in an addict are symptoms that
often arise in the life of an addict. The addict's interpersonal relationships are often
damaged by deception, manipulation, misrepresentation and forgery. This comes
from an abusive family environment, negative role models and unhealthy
socialization.
5. Unstructured
Because drug use is usually used from adolescence, addicts do not have the
appropriate self-structure to manage (me - manage) themselves. This is also evident
in everyday social life where an addict does not have the ability to establish good
relationships with people who are older or younger.
6. Master of lies
 Because of the social and legal implications, addicts must hide their
addiction to avoid confrontation and the consequences. Addicts become very
skilled liars. Combined with the ability to feel the expectations of others, addicts
will speak what others want to hear.
7. Hard to Accept Consequences
The lack of acceptance of an addict against various kinds of boundaries
adopted by family, society and law, often addicts cannot accept the consequences
of the behavior they have made.
C. Factors That Cause Drug Addicts
From various studies conducted by experts, at least there are several factors that
cause drug abuse, including the following:
a. Individual factors
Consists of aspects of personality, and anxiety/depression. Included in the
personality aspect include personality that is curious, easily disappointed, impatient and
low self-esteem. Meanwhile, what is included in anxiety/depression is because you are
unable to solve life's difficulties, so you run away from using narcotics and illegal
drugs.
There are several personal factors that can cause teenagers to get involved in
drug abuse, and the following are the personal factors themselves:
- Weak mentality
- Stress and depression
- Want to know and try
- Looking for thrills and challenges
b. Socio-cultural factors
Consists of family conditions and the influence of friends. The family condition
here is a disharmonious condition such as divorced parents, parents who are busy and
rarely at home and the family economy is both excessive and lacking.
While those included in the influence of friends, for example, because they are
friends with someone who turns out to be a drug user and wants to be accepted in a
group.
 The cause of drug abuse can also occur because of the family, Why does
someone get involved in drugs because of family factors?
- Broken home
- Lack of parental attention to children
- Pampering children too much
- Hard education for children
- Lack of communication and openness
c. Environmental factors
An environment that is neither good nor supportive and accommodates
everything related to the psychological development of children and lack of attention
to children can also lead a child to become a user/user of narcotics.
Here are some social factors that cause teenagers to get involved drug abuse:
- Wrong socializing
- bandwagon
d. Narcotics factor itself
The ease with which narcotics are obtained is supported by the factors
mentioned above, further complicating the emergence of narcotic abuse.
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