“Controlling Servo Motors using RF Module Transmitter and Receiver with

Arduino”
Laboratory Final Project

2nd Sem, SY 2021-2022

July 4, 2022

I. Background of the Project

This paper investigates how servo motors presented in a simple manner examine and
its importance and its numerous amounts of its contribution to the electronic industry. If
one wants their project to have a maximum precision, servo motors is the appropriate
device to use. The accuracy and its advanced reliable velocity and acceleration is
apparent from residential areas that owns small DVD players up to massive industry
heavy equipment’s that manufacture the industry.

However, even though it is known sturdy and dependable to work on many things, it still
exploits problems like any other devices do. It is known for its high maintenance cost
together with its operation. Therefore, this device used rarely by companies.
Furthermore, the rotation of the motor is hard to control sine the command pulses lags.
It is not appropriate for precise rotational control.

According to Fuji Electric Global 2020, Even though the vast majority of people on the
earth are ignorant of its existence and significance, servo motors are one of the most
important technologies in use today. Servos are still used by many businesses due to
their dependability, accuracy, efficiency, size, and power.
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Illustration of a SG90 servo motor used in this project

II. Justification of the Project

Knowing that one of servo motors' drawbacks is poor shaft navigation, this project uses
a 10k potentiometer to make it simpler to control the servo motors' shaft to the desired
angle between 0 and 180. A type of position sensor called a potentiometer is used to
measure displacement in any direction. While linear potentiometers measure
displacement linearly, rotating potentiometers detect rotational displacement.

The exact control of the servo motor shaft's movement is the desired outcome. This
project is simply a simple prototype, so the students working on it will be most helpful to
its inquiry in the future when it is developed and investigated in heavy-duty factories and
is able to precisely maneuver the servo motor using a potentiometer.

III. Objectives of the Project

By producing a precise and successive project research in this subject, the student

whom conducting this research is expected:

 To explain the schematic diagram of the said project.

 To apply and resolve some in-real life disadvantages of using servo motors.

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 To plan productive experiment and its purpose.

 To learn the basic function of every device he/she utilize.

 To develop a skill in hands-on laboratory project in real time.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

IV. Operation

Arduino nano, Arduino Uno, a servo motor, an RF Module (transistor and receiver), and
a R=10k potentiometer are the instruments utilized. The module's purpose is to calibrate
the servo motors' shafts for wireless communication. Additionally, it may be useful for
data transfer between the two Arduino boards (Arduino Nano and Arduino Uno).
Another disadvantage of servo motors is that they require a lot of maintenance.
However, since this project was simply built at a minimal cost, this issue can be solved.
Students who are looking for a solution to the real-world drawbacks of servo motors will
find it useful.

V. Schematic Diagram

Through these two modules, data is transmitted using a distinct procedure. It's known
as amplitude shift keying (ASK). In other words, the constant oscillation starts when a
HIGH signal is received for the transmitter module, activates, and generates an RF
output carrier wave, and ends when a LOW signal is received. The AM radio procedure
is the same as this procedure. Alternatively known as binary amplitude shift keying.
Since the process can be HIGH or LOW in two different ways.

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Arduino IDE Codes for Arduino Nano (left) and Arduino Uno (right)

VI. PBC Layout

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VII. Billing of Materials

Material Number of Item Unit Price

Arduino Nano 1 A000005 $24.99 - ₱1376.07

Arduino Uno 1 A000066 $25.94 - ₱1428.63

RF transmitter-
1 HiLetgo 315Mhz $5.49 - ₱302.36
receiver module

uxcell -
10K Potentiometer 1 $7.42 - ₱408.65
a15011600ux0235

Servo Motor 1 DaFuRui MG996R $4.65 - ₱256.10

Breadboard 1 RG-BK-4 $11.98 - ₱659.79

Breadboard
120pcs $0.72 - ₱39.65
Jumper Wires

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VIII. Specification Sheets of Components

ARDUINO NANO
MICROCONTROLLER ATMega4809 (datasheet)
OPERATING VOLTAGE 5V

VIN MIN-MAX 7-21V

DC CURRENT PER I/O 20 mA
PIN
DC CURRENT FOR 3.3V 50 mA
PIN
CLOCK SPEED 20MHz

CPU FLASH MEMORY 48KB (ATMega4809)

SRAM 6KB (ATMega4809)

EEPROM 256byte (ATMega4809)

PWM PINS 5 (D3, D5, D6, D9, D10)

UART 1
SPI 1

I2C 1
ANALOG INPUT PINS 8 (ADC 10 bit)
ANALOG OUTPUT PINS Only through PWM (no
DAC)
EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS all digital pins

LED_BUILTIN 13
USB Uses the
ATSAMD11D14A
(datasheet)
LENGTH 45 mm
WIDTH 18 mm

WEIGHT 5 gr (with headers)

ARDUINO UNO

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Microcontroller SAMD21 Cortex‐M0+

32bit low power ARM
MCU
Board Power Supply 5V
(USB/VIN)
Supported Battery(*) Li‐Po single cell, 3.7V,
700mAh minimum
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 600mA
DC Current for 5V Pin 600mA
Circuit Operating Voltage 3.3V
Digital I/O Pins 22
PWM Pins 12 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
10, A3 ‐ or 18 ‐,
A4 ‐or 19)
UART 1
SPI 1
I2C 1
Analog Input Pins 7 (ADC 8/10/12 bit)
Analog Output Pins 1 (DAC 10 bit)
External Interrupts 8 (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, A1 ‐or
16‐, A2 ‐ or 17)
DC Current per I/O Pin 7 mA
Flash Memory 256 KB
Flash Memory for 8 KB
Bootloader
SRAM 32 KB
EEPROM no
Clock Speed 32.768 kHz (RTC), 48 MHz

RF MODULE - RECEIVER

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433 MHz Module Specifications:

Wireless (RF) Simplex Transmitter and Receiver

Receiver Operating Voltage: 3V to 12V

Receiver Operating current: 5.5mA

Operating frequency: 433 MHz

Transmission Distance: 3 meters (without antenna)

to 100 meters (maximum)
Modulating Technique: ASK (Amplitude shift
keying)
Data Transmission speed: 10Kbps

Circuit type: Saw resonator

RF MODULE - TRANSMITTER
Product Model: XD-FST

Launch distance :20-200 meters (different voltage,

different results)
Operating voltage :3.5-12V

Dimensions: 19 * 19mm

Operating mode: AM

Transfer rate: 4KB / S

Transmitting power: 10mW

Transmitting frequency: 433M

Circuit type: Saw resonator

10k - Potentiometer

Material Used : Plastic

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Linear type with a single turn

Compact size

Value:- 0- 10K

Resistance Tolerance:- ±10%

Rotation angel:- 210 ±20 °

Rotational Life Cycle:- 200 cycles

Temperature range : - -55 to +125 °C

Servo Motor

Operating Voltage is +5V typically

Torque: 2.5kg/cm
Operating speed is 0.1s/60°

Gear Type: Plastic

Rotation : 0°-180°
Weight of motor : 9gm

Package includes gear horns and screws

Breadboard

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Distribution Strips are two

Wire Size is 21 to 26 AWG wire

Tie Points are two hundred

Withstanding Voltage is 1,000V AC

Tie points within IC are 630

Insulation Resistance is DC500V or 500MΩ

Dimension is 6.5*4.4*0.3 inch

Rating is 5Amps

ABS plastic through color legend

ABS heat Distortion Temperature is 183° F (84°

C)Hole or Pitch Style is 2.54mm

Other Materials:

JUMPER WIRES ARDUINO UNO TYPE B ARDUINO NANO TYPE A

REFERENCES:

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433Mhz RF Transmitter and Receiver module with Arduino. (2020, December 16). SriTu

Hobby.

https://srituhobby.com/433mhz-rf-transmitter-and-receiver-module-with-arduino/

The Purpose of Servo Motors. (n.d.). Fuji Electric Global.

https://www.fujielectric.com/products/column/servo/servo_01.html#:~:text=Servo

%20motors%20or%20%E2%80%9Cservos%E2%80%9D%2C,for%20specific

%20velocity%2C%20and%20acceleration.

What is Servo Motor – Advantages, Disadvantages Applications. (2020, April 20).

ROBU.IN. Retrieved July 4, 2022, from https://robu.in/what-is-servo-motor/

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