Design of Structures 3 (2+1)

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Design of Structures 3(2+1)

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Design of Tension Member
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LESSON 9. Design of Tension Member
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9.1 INTRODUCTION
Current course
D&S_1 When a tension member is subjected to axial tensile force, then the
Participants distribution of stress over the cross-section is uniform. The complete
General net area of a member is effectively used at the maximum permissible
MODULE 1. uniform stress. Therefore, a tensile member subjected to axial tensile
MODULE 2. force is used to be efficient and economical member. The procedure of
MODULE 3. the design of a tension member is explained below with help of
MODULE 4. example problems.
MODULE 5.
LESSON 9.
Design of
Tension Member 9.2 STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE DESIGN OF A TENSION MEMBER
LESSON 10.
Design of The following steps may be followed in the design of axially loaded
Columns tension members.
MODULE 6.
1. Correspondingto the loading on the structure of which the tension
MODULE 7.
MODULE 8. member is a part, the tensile force in the member is first computed.
MODULE 9.
2. Thenet area required for the member is determined by dividing the
MODULE 10.
tensile force in the member by the permissible tensile stress.
MODULE 11.
MODULE 12. 3. Now,a suitable section having gross area about 20 per cent to 25 per
Courses cent greater than the estimated area is selected. For the member
selected deductions are made for the area of rivet holes and the net
effective area of the section is determined. If the net area of the section
of the member so determined is greater than the net area requirement
estimated in step i, the design is considered safe.
4. The
slenderness ratio of a tension member shall not exceed 400. In the
case of a tension member liable to reversal of stress due to the action of
wind or earthquake, slenderness ratio shall not exceed 350. If the
reversal of stress is due to loads others than wind or earthquake, the
slenderness ratio shall not exceed 180.
Example 9.1: Determine the tensile strength of the 12 mm thick plate shown
in Fig 9.1. Rivets used for the connection are 20 mm diameter. Allowable
tensile stress is 150 N/mm2.
Solution
Diameter of the rivet hole = 20 + 1.5 = 21.5 mm
The critical section to be considered is a section like ABCDE.
Effective width at critical section = b – nd = 180 – (3 x 21.5) = 115.5
mm
Effective net area = 115.5 x 12 mm2 = 1386 mm2

Strength of plate = 1386 x 150 = 207900 N
= 207.9 kN.
Example 9.2: Find the strength of the 12 mm thick plate shown in Fig. 9.2.
All the holes are 21.5 mm as gross diameter. Take ft=150 N/mm2.
Solution
Gross diameter of rivet hole = 21.5 mm

The effective net width will be computed along the various chain lines
Staggered pitch p = 40 mm
Gauge distance g = 50 mm
Net width corresponding to the chain ABCD = 210 – (2 x 21.5) =
167 mm
Net width corresponding to the chain ABECFG
Example 9.3: The tension member of a roof truss consist of two unequal
angles 70 x 45 x 8 with the longer legs connected by 16 mm diameter rivets.
Find the safe tension for the member, the angles being one on either side of
the gusset plate.
Solution
Gross area of 2 angles, 70 x 45 x 8 = 1,712 mm2
Area of 2 rivet holes 2 x (16 + 1.5) x 8 = 280 mm2
Net area of the member 1712 – 280 = 1,432 mm2

Therefore safe tension for the member = 150 x 1432 = 2,14,800 N
= 214.8 kN.
Example 9.4: The tension member of a roof truss carries a maximum axial
tension of 250 kN. Design the section. Diameter of connecting rivets = 20
mm. Safe stress in tension = 150 N/mm2.
Solution
Referring to steel tables, let us choose two angles of I.S.A. 75 x 50 x 10

mm thick.
Gross area = 75 mm x 50 mm x 10 mm = 2,300 mm2.
Let us assume that the angles are placed back to back on either side of
the gusset plate (Fig. 9.3) with two rivets.
Diameter of rivet hole = 20 + 1.5 = 21.5 mm
Net area provided = 2,300 – (2 x 21.5 x 10) = 1,870 mm2.
But the area required is only 1,667 mm2. Hence the section is safe.
Example 9.5: The tie of a truss carries an axial tension of 225 kN. Design the
section of the member and also the connection of the member to 10 mm
thick gusset plate. Use 20 mm diameter rivets.
Solution

Example 9.6: The tie in a bridge truss carries an axial tension of 350 kN. The
member is to consist of two channels connected back to back on either side
of a gusset plate. The diameter of rivets used for the connection is 16 mm.
Two rivets are likely to appear in section. Design the member. Safe stress in
tension is 150 N/mm2.
Solution
Net area required
Referring to steel tables, let us select two channels ISLC, 125 (Fig. 9.5)
Dimensions of section = 125 mm x 65 mm

tf = 6.6 mm
tw = 4.4 mm

Gross area Ag = 1,367 mm2 per channel

Making allowance for four rive holes,
Net area provided = 2 x 1367 – (4 x 17.5 x 4.4) = 2,426 mm2.
But the required area is only 2,333 mm2. Therefore, the section selected
is safe.
Example 9.7: The tension member of a roof truss consist of a single ISA 100
x 75 x 10 mm thick, connected at the end to a gusset plate with the longer leg
vertical with 20 mm diameter rivet. Find the safe tension the member can
withstand. Permissible tensile stress may be taken as 150 N/mm2.
Solution
Net effective area provided
Where, A1 = Net sectional area of the connected leg,
A2 = Area of the unconnected leg, and
Safe axial tension = Aeff x Safe stress

= 1,266 x 150 = 1,89,900 N = 189.9 kN.
The tension member is shown in Fig. 9.6.

Example 9.8: Design a single angle tension member to sustain a tension of

1,30,000 N. Use 18 mm diameter rivets.
Solution
The single angle tension member is shown in Fig. 9.7.
But actual tension in the member is only 1,30,000 N. Hence the design is
safe.
Example 9.9: A tension member consist of two angles 60 x 60 x 8 the angles

being placed back to back on the same side of the gusset plate. One leg of
each angle is connected to the gusset plate. The outstanding legs are also
connected by tack rivets. Find the safe tension for the member. Rivets are 16
mm in diameter.
Solution
The tension member is shown in Fig. 9.8.

This being large the length of the connection can be decreased by using a
lug angle,
Let the longer leg be the connected leg,
Area of the connected leg = (125-5)10 = 1,200 mm2
Area of the outstanding leg = (75-5)10 = 700 mm2

Therefore load taken by the connected leg
Therefore load taken by the outstanding leg = 200 – 126.3 = 73.7 kN
Connection to the gusset plate using a lug angle is shown in Fig. 9.9.
The lug angle should have a strength equal to 20 % greater than the
strength of the outstanding leg.
Therefore strength required for the lug angle = 1.2 x 73.7 kN = 88.44
kN
Ne area required for the lug angle = (88.44 x 1000/150) = 589.6 mm2
Let us try 1 lug angle 125 x 75 x 6 mm
Gross area = 1,166 mm2

Net area = gross area – area of one rivet hole = 1,166 – (21.5 x 6) =
1,037 mm2
Strength required for connection between lug angle and the main angle
is equal to 1.4 times the strength of the outstanding leg.
Therefore, strength required for this connection = 1.4 x 73.7 =
103.18 kN
Number of rivets required = (103.18 x 1000/36,305) ≈ 3
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Design of Structures 3(2+1)

Effective net area = 115.5 x 12 mm2 = 1386 mm2

Gross diameter of rivet hole = 21.5 mm

Gross area of 2 angles, 70 x 45 x 8 = 1,712 mm2

Area of 2 rivet holes 2 x (16 + 1.5) x 8 = 280 mm2

Net area of the member 1712 – 280 = 1,432 mm2

Referring to steel tables, let us choose two angles of I.S.A. 75 x 50 x 10

Gross area = 75 mm x 50 mm x 10 mm = 2,300 mm2.

Diameter of rivet hole = 20 + 1.5 = 21.5 mm

Net area provided = 2,300 – (2 x 21.5 x 10) = 1,870 mm2.

Dimensions of section = 125 mm x 65 mm

tw = 4.4 mm

Diameter of rivet hole = 16 + 1.5 = 17.5 mm

Net area provided = 2 x 1367 – (4 x 17.5 x 4.4) = 2,426 mm2.

A2 = Area of the unconnected leg, and

Safe axial tension = Aeff x Safe stress

Example 9.8: Design a single angle tension member to sustain a tension of

Example 9.9: A tension member consist of two angles 60 x 60 x 8 the angles

The tension member is shown in Fig. 9.8.

Area of the connected leg = (125-5)10 = 1,200 mm2

Area of the outstanding leg = (75-5)10 = 700 mm2

Gross area = 1,166 mm2

Last modified: Saturday, 5 October 2013, 7:35 AM

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