Designation: A473 − 16

Standard Specification for

Stainless Steel Forgings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* specification. Such requirements may include, but are not

1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, limited to, the following:
ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, 3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
and for low- or high-temperature service. 3.1.2 Dimensions, including prints or sketches,
3.1.3 Name of material (stainless steel forgings),
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1.4 Type or UNS designation (Table 1),
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3.1.5 Condition (Table 2), and
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.
and are not considered standard. 3.1.7 Test for magnetic permeability if specified by cus-
1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/ tomer purchase order when ordering Types 207 and 205.
A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection, 3.1.8 Special requirements.
or processing is required. 3.2 If possible the intended end use of the item should be
given on the purchase order especially when the item is ordered
2. Referenced Documents
for a specific end use or uses.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 5 stainless steel
forgings, Type 410, Designation A, ASTM Specification A473 dated
of Steel Products ______. End use: pump blocks for oil well equipment.
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
cal Analysis of Steel Products 4. General Requirements
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re- 4.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
quirements the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
Products—Metric requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma- marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
terials tional supplementary requirements.
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
4.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
3. Ordering Information requirements of this specification shall prevail.
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all 5. Manufacture
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this 5.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,
billets, slabs, or bars, either forged or rolled from an ingot, and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, cut to the required length by a suitable process.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 5.2 The material shall be forged by hammering, pressing,
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally rolling, extruding, or upsetting. It shall be brought as nearly as
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A473 – 15. DOI: possible to the finished shape and size by hot-working; and
10.1520/A0473-16.
2
shall be processed, if practicable, so as to cause metal-flow
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
during the hot-working operation in the direction most favor-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on able for resisting the stresses encountered in service as may be
the ASTM website. indicated to the manufacturer by the purchaser.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A473 − 16
TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA
UNS Manga- Phos- Other
Type Carbon, Sulfur, Silicon, Chromium, Nickel, Molyb- Nitrogen,
Desig- nese, phorus, Elements,
Number % % % % % denum, % %
nationB % % %
Austenitic Grades
S20100 201 0.15 5.5–7.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 3.5–5.5 ... 0.25
S20200 202 0.15 7.5–10.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 4.0–6.0 ... 0.25
S20500 205 0.12–0.25 14.0–15.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.5–18.0 1.00–1.75 ... 0.32–0.40
S21900 XM-10 0.08 8.0–10.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.5 5.5–7.5 ... 0.15–0.40
S21904 XM-11 0.04 8.0–10.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.5 5.5–7.5 ... 0.15–0.40
S28200 ... 0.15 17.0–19.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 ... 0.75–1.25 0.40–0.60 Cu 0.75–1.25
S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 ... 0.10
S30215 302B 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 2.00–3.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 ... ...
S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 0.60C ...
S30323 303 Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 ... ... Se 0.15 min
S30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.5 ... 0.10
S30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–12.0 ... 0.10
S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 10.5–13.0 ... ...
S30800 308 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.0 10.0–12.0 ... ...
S30815 ... 0.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.40–2.00 20.0–22.0 10.0–12.0 ... 0.14–0.20 Ce 0.03–0.08
S30900 309 0.20 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 ... ...
S30908 309S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 ... ...
S31000 310 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 ... ...
S31008 310S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 ... ...
S31254 ... 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.5–20.5 17.5–18.5 6.0–6.5 0.18–0.25 Cu 0.50–1.00
S31400 314 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50–3.00 23.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 ... ...
S31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 2.00–3.00 0.10
S31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 2.00–3.00 0.10
S31700 317 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 11.0–15.0 3.0–4.0 0.10
S32100 321 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 ... ... Ti 5×C min
S34700 347 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... ... Cb+Ta 10×C,
min
S34800 348 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... ... Cb+Ta 10×C,
min
Ta 0.10
Co 0.20
Austenitic-Ferritic Grades
S32550D ... 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 24.0-27.0 4.5-6.5 2.9-3.9 0.10-0.25 Cu 1.50–2.50
S32760D ... 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 24.0–26.0 6.0–8.0 3.0–4.0 0.20–0.30 Cu 0.50–1.00
W 0.50–1.00
S32950 ... 0.03 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 26.0–29.0 3.5–5.2 1.00–2.50 0.15–0.35
Ferritic Grades
S40500 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.5–14.5 0.60 ... ... A1 0.10–0.30
S42900 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.0–16.0 0.75 ... ...
S43000 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 0.75 ... ...
S43020 430F 0.12 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 16.0–18.0 0.75 0.60C ...
S43023 430F Se 0.12 1.25 0.06 0.06 1.00 16.0–18.0 0.75 ... ... Se 0.15 min
S44600 446 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 23.0–27.0 0.75 ... 0.25
Martensitic Grades
S40300 403 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.50 11.5–13.0 ... ... ... ...
S41000 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.5–13.5 0.75 ... ... ...
S41008 410S 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.5–13.5 0.75 ... ... ...
S41400 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.5–13.5 1.25–2.50 ... ... ...
S41425 ... 0.05 0.50–1.00 0.020 0.005 0.50 12.0–15.0 4.0–7.0 1.50–2.00 0.06–0.12 Cu 0.30
E
S41500 0.05 0.5–1.0 0.030 0.030 0.60 11.5–14.0 3.5–5.5 0.40–0.80 ...
S41600 416 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 12.0–14.0 ... 0.60C ...
S41623 416 Se 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.06 1.00 12.0–14.0 ... ... ... Se 0.15 min
S42000 420 Over 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.0–14.0 ... ... ... ...
S43100 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.0–17.0 1.25–2.50 ... ... ...
S44002 440A 0.60–0.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 ... 0.75 ...
S44003 440B 0.75–0.95 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 ... 0.75 ...
S44004 440C 0.95–1.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 ... 0.75 ...
A
Maximum, unless range or minimum is indicated.
B
New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086.
C
At manufacturer’s option; reported only when intentionally added.
D
% Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 40.
E
Wrought version of CA6NM.

5.3 When specified on the order, a sample forging may be of acceptable and unacceptable metal-flow shall be subject to
sectioned and etched to show flow lines and the condition as agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser prior to
regards internal imperfections. When so specified, the question order entry.

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 A473 − 16
TABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requirements
Elongation Brinell
Reduction
Yield Strength, min, Tensile Strength, min, in 2 in. Hardness
Type Condition of Area,
ksi (MPa)A ksi (MPa) (50 mm) or Number,
min, %
4D, min % max
Austenitic Grades
201, 302, 302B, 303, 303SE, 305, 308, 309, A 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 ...
309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, 321, 347, 348
202 A 45 (310) 90 (620) 40 50 ...
205 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 40 50 ...
304 and 316, Sections 5 in. (127 mm) and A 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 ...
Under
304 and 316, Sections Over 5 in. (127 mm) A 30 (205) 70 (485) 40 50 ...
304L and 316L A 25 (170) 65 (450) 40 50 ...
XM-10 and XM-11 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 45 60 ...
S28200 A 60 (415) 110 (760) 40 55 ...
S30815 A 45 (310) 87 (600) 40 50 ...
S31254 A 44 (300) 95 (650) 35 50 ...
Austenitic-Ferritic Grades
S32550 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25.0 ... 290
S32950 A 70 (480) 100 (690) 15 ... 293
S32760 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25 ... 290
Ferritic Grades
430F, 430FSE, 446 A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223
405 A 30 (205) 60 (415) 20 45 207
429 A 35 (240) 65 450) 23 45 207
430 A 35 (240) 70 (485) 20 45 217
Martensitic Grades
403, 410, 416, 416SE A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223
410S A 35 (240) 65 (450) 22 45 217
414 A ... ... ... ... ... ... 298
T 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 321
H 100 (690) 125 (860) 15 45 321
S41425 T 95 (655) 120 (825) 15 45 321
S41500 normalized and 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 295
tempered
420 A ... ... ... ... ... ... 223
431 A ... ... ... ... ... ... 277B
T 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 ... 321
H 135 (930) 175 (1210) 13 ... 440
440A, 440B, 440C A ... ... ... ... ... ... 269
A
Yield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset method in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. An alternative method of determining yield strength
may be used based on a total extension under load of 0.5 %.
B
Type 431 forgings of designation A, when specified, shall be capable of meeting the above mechanical property requirements of designation T after oil quenching from
1800 to 1900°F (980 to 1038°C) and tempering at not less than 1100°F (595°C), or designation H when oil quenched from 1850 to 1950°F (1010 to 1065°C) and tempered
at not more than 700°F (370°C).

5.4 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shall followed by air-cooling or water quenching. The stabilization
submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the heat treatment is not usually specified, unless these steels are
shape of the rough forging before machining, or before heat intended for severely corrosive environments in the tempera-
treating for mechanical properties. ture range from 800 to 1600°F (425 to 870°C). When specified,
5.5 The grain size shall be as fine as practicable and the stabilization heat treatment shall be the final heat treatment
precautions shall be taken to minimize grain growth. and may be performed before machining.
6.4 S32950 shall receive an annealing treatment, consisting
6. Heat Treatment
of heating the material to a temperature of 1825°F (995°C) to
6.1 Except for S31254, the austenitic steels shall receive a 1875°F (1025°C) for an appropriate time followed by water
solution heat treatment, consisting of heating the material to a quenching or rapid cooling by other means.
minimum temperature of 1900°F (1040°C), followed by cool-
ing rapidly in air or water. 6.5 S32760 shall receive an annealing treatment consisting
of heating the material to a minimum temperature of 2010°F
6.2 S31254 shall receive a solution heat treatment, consist- (1100°C), followed by water quenching or rapid cooling by
ing of heating the material to a minimum temperature of other means.
2100°F (1150°C) followed by cooling rapidly in air or water.
6.6 The ferritic grades shall be properly annealed:
6.3 When specified, Types 347, 348, and 321 shall receive a
stabilization heat treatment in addition to the solution heat 6.7 Except for S41425 and S41500, the martensitic grades
treatment specified in 6.1, which shall consist of holding the shall be annealed, or hardened and tempered as specified.
forgings at 1550 to 1750°F (845 to 955°C) for 1 h for each inch Liquid quenching shall be permitted only by agreement with
of section thickness with a minimum holding time of 2 h, the purchaser.

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 A473 − 16
6.8 For S41425, heat to 1700°F (925°C) minimum and hold 8.2 Instead of tension tests, hardness requirements, in ac-
for 1 h at temperature minimum. Air cool to below 90°F (32°C) cordance with Table 2, may be specified by the purchaser for
and temper at 1100°F (595°C) minimum for 1 h/in. of the ferritic and the martensitic steels.
cross-sectional thickness minimum. 8.3 The martensitic grades shall be capable of meeting the
6.9 For S41500 heat to 1750°F (955°C) minimum, air cool hardness requirements, after heat treating, as specified in Table
to 200°F (95°C) or lower prior to any optional intermediate 3.
temper and prior to the final temper. The final temper shall be
between 1050°F (565°C) and 1150°F (620°C). 9. Magnetic Permeability
6.10 Types 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C should be used by 9.1 When required by the purchase order, the magnetic
the purchaser in the hardened and tempered condition. In permeability of Types 201 and 205 in the annealed condition
response to heat treatment, these materials shall be capable of shall not exceed 1.2 as tested by a Severn-type indicator.
meeting the minimum hardness requirements as specified in
Table 3. 10. Prolongations for Tests
6.11 Types 403 and 410 tempered material shall be 10.1 Subject to Sections 11 and 12, the forgings shall be
normalized, or shall be liquid quenched from 1700°F (925°C), produced with prolongations for testing, unless otherwise
minimum, followed by being held at the tempering temperature specified. The producer may elect to submit an extra forging to
for at least 1 h/in. (25.4 mm) of cross section in accordance represent each test lot instead of prolongations, or the test
with 6.11.1, 6.11.2 or 6.11.3. specimens can be taken from the forgings themselves.
6.11.1 Condition 1—1250°F (675°C) minimum, 1400°F
(760°C) maximum. 11. Number of Tests
6.11.2 Condition 2—1100°F (595°C) minimum, 1400°F 11.1 For all classes of forgings weighing from 5000 to
(760°C) maximum. 7000 lb (2270 to 3180 kg) each, at least one tension test shall
6.11.3 Condition 3—1050°F (565°C) minimum, 1400°F be made from each forging. Also, one magnetic permeability
(760°C) maximum. test must be made when specified on the customer order.
6.12 Type S32550 shall receive an annealing treatment 11.2 For all classes of forgings weighing more than 7000 lb
consisting of heating the material to a minimum temperature of each, one tension test shall be made from each end of each
1940°F (1060°C), followed by water quenching of rapid forging. In the case of ring forgings, the tension test specimen
cooling by other means. shall be removed from each of two locations on the periphery,
approximately 180° apart, or insofar as practicable from
7. Chemical Composition opposite ends of the forging. Also, one magnetic permeability
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical test must be made when specified on the customer order.
composition specified in Table 1. 11.3 For forgings weighing less than 5000 lb each, one
7.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis tension test shall be made from each size classification for each
required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test heat in each heat-treating charge. When the heat-treating cycles
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751. are the same and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type)
are controlled within 625°F (614°C) and equipped with
8. Mechanical Properties Requirements recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-
8.1 The material shall conform to the room temperature ment are available, then only one tension test from each heat of
mechanical requirements specified in Table 2. each size classification is required. Also, one magnetic perme-
ability test must be made when specified on the customer order.

12. Test Specimens

TABLE 3 Response to Heat Treatment
Hardness
12.1 Tension test specimens shall be taken from the test
Heat TreatmentB
Type A
UNS Temperature Quenchant HRC, prolongations or from the forgings as provided in Section 10.
°F (°C) min
12.2 Depending upon the method of forging, test specimens
403 S40300 1750 (955) Air 35
410 S41000 1750 (955) Air 35
shall be procured as follows, unless otherwise specified:
410S S41008 1750 (955) Oil 25 max 12.2.1 The axis of the specimen shall be located at any point
414 S41400 1750 (955) Oil 42 midway between the center and the surface of solid forgings; at
416 S41600 1750 (955) Air 35
416 Se S41623 1750 (955) Air 35 any point midway between the inner and outer surfaces of the
420 S42000 1825 (955) Air 50 wall of bored forgings; and shall be parallel to the direction of
431 S43100 1875 (1020) Oil 40 greatest metal flow.
440A S44002 1875 (1020) Air 55
440B S44003 1875 (1020) Oil 56 12.2.2 The axis of the specimen shall be tangential to the
440C S44004 1875 (1020) Air 58 forging on the periphery; that is, at right angles to both the
A
Samples for testing shall be in the form of a section not exceeding 3⁄8 in. (9.50 radius and the axis of the forging.
mm) in thickness.
B
Temperature tolerance is ±25°F (14°C). 12.3 The tension test specimens shall be machined to the
form and dimensions for standard round tension test specimens

4
 A473 − 16
with 2-in. or 50-mm gauge length shown in Fig. 5 of Test requirements, the material represented by such specimens may
Methods and Definitions A370 or Test Methods E8/E8M Fig. be retreated and resubmitted for test.
8 for forgings ordered to SI units. On small forgings where it
is not practicable to use such specimens, the substitution of 14. Keywords
specimens conforming to the small-size specimens of Fig. 6 of
14.1 austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel; austenitic
Test Methods and Definitions A370 is permitted or for forgings
stainless steel; ferritic stainless steel; martensitic stainless steel;
ordered to SI units, refer to Section 10.2 of Test Methods
A1058. stainless steel forgings

13. Retreatment
13.1 If any specimen selected to represent any lot as
described in Section 12 fails to meet any of the test

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A473 – 15)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2016.)

(1) Revised Table 2 to correct the yield and tensile strength

value requirements for S41425.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A473 – 13)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2015.)

(1) General revision to comply with A01.06 form/

nomenclature.

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