Personal Protective Equipment Testing Standards

Personal Protective Equipment Testing Standards
UPDATES
ON PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
TESTING STANDARDS
ENGR. RAMON B. FERNANDO

Engineer III
Safety Control Division
Occupational Safety and Health Center
Objective of the Webinar:
To update participants on the current Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE) Testing Standards in use by OSHC-DOLE
as reference standards to qualify approved types for
workers’ safety.
Laws and Regulations On

Workplace Safety
In Relation To
Personal Protective Equipment
The DOLE is the lead agency of the government in charge in the

administration and enforcement of laws, policies, and programs on
occupational safety and health.
(Legal basis: Presidential Decree No. 442)

LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Bureau of Working DOLE Regional Offices

Conditions
Updating of Occupational Safety OSH Enforcement

and Health Related Policies
Compensation / Rehabilitation of Work Prevention through OSH Education,

Related Injuries and Illnesses Trainings, Research and Technical Services
Employees’ Compensation Occupational Safety

Commission and Health Center
EXECUTIVE ORDER No. 307

"Establishing the Occupational Safety and Health Center in the Employees'
Compensation Commission" attached agency of the Department of Labor and
Employment.
Under Section 2 - The Center shall have as one of its powers and functions:
“act as the duly recognized agency to undertake practical testing for safe use
and set standard specifications of personal protective equipment and other
safety devices”
Refers to a set of rules issued by DOLE

which mandates the adoption and use of
appropriate practices, means, methods,
operations or processes, and working
conditions reasonably necessary to
ensure safe and healthful employment.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 11058

August 2018
AN ACT STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF
Declaration of Policy.
The State afﬁrms labor as a primary social and economic force, and that a safe and healthy workforce is an integral aspect of
nation building.
The State shall protect every worker against injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful working conditions thereby
assuring the conservation of valuable manpower resources and the prevention of loss or damage to lives and properties consistent
with national development goals, and with the State’s commitment to the total development of every worker as a complete human
being.
DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 198

Series of 2018
Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11058

Entitled “An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational
Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for
Violations Thereof”
D.O. # 198: Chapter III - Section 8: Workers’ Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
1. Every employer, contractor, subcontractor, if any, shall provide his/her workers, free of charge, PPE
for any part of the body that may be exposed to hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in
the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
2. All PPE shall be of appropriate type as tested and approved by the DOLE based on its standards
and/or other means of verification.
3. The usage of PPE in all establishments, project sites, and all other workplaces where work is being
undertaken shall be based on the evaluation and recommendation of the safety officer as a result of
the workplace hazard assessment.
4. All PPE must be of appropriate size, weight, and type to specific workers exposed to hazards.
Issuance of PPE shall be supplemented by training.
5. Failure to provide appropriate PPE in high risk activities shall give rise to the right of the worker to
refuse unsafe work.
Chapter III – Section 8, D.O.# 198

Section 8: Workers’ Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Every employer, contractor, subcontractor, if any, shall

provide his/her workers, free of charge, PPE for any part of
the body that may be exposed to hazards capable of
causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of
the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

All PPE shall be of appropriate type as tested and approved

by the DOLE based on its standards and/or other means of
verification.

The usage of PPE in all establishments, project sites, and

all other workplaces where work is being undertaken shall
be based on the evaluation and recommendation of the
safety officer as a result of the workplace hazard
assessment.

All PPE must be of appropriate size, weight, and type to

specific workers exposed to hazards. Issuance of PPE shall
be supplemented by training.

Failure to provide appropriate PPE in high risk activities shall

give rise to the right of the worker to refuse unsafe work.
Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to a specialized clothing or
equipment designed to protect workers against safety and health
hazards that may cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses, i.e.,
protection for the body, eyes, head, face, hands, feet, ears, etc.
Definition of Terms, DOLE D.O. # 198

FOR HEAD
PROTECTION
ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FOR INDUSTRIAL HEAD
PROTECTION
HEAD PROTECTION
Hard Hat or Safety Helmet
A device worn on the head to
provide limited protection
against impact from falling
materials, flying particles and
electric shock.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR INDUSTRIAL HEAD PROTECTION
This standard provides performance and testing requirements for industrial helmets, commonly
known as hard hats. It establishes the types and classes of protective helmets, depending on
the type of hazard encountered. It includes specifications for helmets designed to offer
protection from lateral impact, or top-only impact, giving employers and users the flexibility to
specify the helmet that best meets the needs of their specific workplace.
ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 was prepared by the members of ISEA’s Head Protection Group as a
revision to ANSI Z89.1-2009, and approved by a consensus review panel of users, government
agencies and safety experts.
Occupational Head Hazards & Effects

HAZARDS EFFECTS
Impact from falling objects Perforation/fracture
Bump against rigid of the skull
stationary objects
Penetration by sharp objects
Contact with live electrical Electrical shock
conductors
Fire hazards Burns
Parts of a Hard Hat
1. Shell – the hard outermost surface of the helmet less its harness, accessories, and fittings.
2. Suspension – the portion of the harness which is designed to act as an energy absorbing
mechanism. The complete assembly by means of which the helmet is maintained in
position on the wearer’s head.
3. Brim – an integral part of the shell extending outward
over the entire circumference.
4. Chin strap – an accessory adjustable strap that fits
under the chin to secure the helmet to the head.
Types and Classes
Protective helmets are described by impact type and electrical class.

All protective helmets shall meet either Type I or Type II requirements.
All helmets shall be further classified as meeting Class G, Class E, or
Class C electrical requirements.
Type I
Type I helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact resulting from a blow only to the top
of the head. This form of impact, for example, may result from a small tool or material falling
from above.
Type II
Type II helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact resulting from a blow to the top
or sides of the head. This form of impact, for example, may result from contact with the
sharp corner of a side beam.
Electrical Classes for Type I and Type II Helmets
Class E (Electrical)
Class E helmets are intended to reduce the danger of contact with higher voltage conductors. Test samples shall
pass the proof-test voltage of 20,000 volts.
Class G (General)
Class G helmets are intended to reduce the danger of contact with lower voltage conductors. Test samples shall
pass the proof-test voltage of 2200 volts.
Note:
This voltage is not intended as an indication of the
voltage at which the helmet protects the wearer.
No Electrical Protection Type of Hard Hats
Class C (Conductive)
Class C helmets are not intended to provide protection against contact with electrical
hazards. On the hand, Class C hard hats may include vented options that provide
increased breathability .
ANSI Z89.1 requires four performance tests that must be met in order to
assign a safety helmet type and class, which are:
1. Force Transmission
2. Apex Penetration
3. Flammability
4. Electrical Insulation
Force Transmission Test

Force Transmission Test - is a measure of force transmitted on the test
headform via an electronic load cell. A semi-spherical striking face impactor
shall be dropped on top of the shell of the hard hat. Protective helmets shall
not transmit a force to the test headform that exceeds 4,450 N (1,000 Ibf).
Additionally, for each preconditioning specified, the maximum transmitted
force of individual test samples shall be averaged. The averaged values
shall not exceed 3,780 N (850 Ibf).
Force Transmission Test

for Safety Headwear
Apex Penetration Test

Apex Penetration Test – measures the top of the hard hat’s capability to
resist penetration. The test shall include a penetrator with a steel tip and an
electrically conductive steel headform. Wires shall be attached to the
impactor and headform such that if the impactor makes contact with the
headform a low voltage electric circuit is completed. Data recording for
penetration is "pass" or "fail" based on any indicated electrical contact.
Apex Penetration Test

Electrical InsulationTest
Electrical Insulation Tests– measures electrical shock resistance capability of hard hat.
There are three types of electrical insulation test criteria for electrical insulation.
Class E hard hats reduce the danger of exposure to high voltage electrical conductors: hard
hat is proof tested at 20,000 volts for 3 minutes, then at 30,000 volts with no burn-through
permitted.
Class G hard hats reduce the danger of exposure to low voltage electrical conductors: hard
hat is tested at 2,200 volts for 1 minute.
Class C hard hats are not tested for electrical resistance. This class is not intended to
provide protection from electrical conductors.
Electrical Resistance Test of Safety Headwear for Class “E” and Class “G”
Flammability Test
Flammability Test measures the capability of the shell material to resist flame.
Place the helmet in an as-worn, upright position. Apply and maintain the flame
to the chosen test point for 5 seconds. Inspect the test sample for any visible
flame 5 seconds after removal of the test flame. No flame shall be visible 5
seconds after removal of the test flame.
FOR EYE AND FACE

PROTECTION
Occupational and Educational Personal
Eye and Face Protection Devices
OCCUPATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL
PERSONAL EYE AND FACE PROTECTION DEVICES
PURPOSE
This standard provides minimum requirements for protectors
including selection, use, and maintenance of these protectors
as devices to minimize or prevent eye and face injuries.
Examples of Eye or Face Hazards
1) Impact
Impact hazards include flying objects such as chips, fragments, particles, sand and dirt.
These hazards typically result from tasks like chipping, grinding, machining, masonry
work, wood-working, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting and sanding.
2) Heat
Heat injuries, including burns, can occur to the eye when workers are exposed to high
temperatures, splashes of molten metal, or hot sparks. Workplace operations that are
especially vulnerable to these types of hazards involve pouring, casting, hot dipping,
furnace operations and other similar activities.
3) Chemicals
Direct contact with chemicals is another leading cause of eye injuries. A lot of these
injuries, which typically occur in the form of a splash, mists, vapors or fumes, result from
an inappropriate choice of PPE. With the wrong type of PPE in place, a chemical
substance could enter the eye area from around or under the protective equipment.
4) Dust
In many workplace environments, dust can be very hard to avoid. It is most prevalent in
such operations as woodworking, construction and buffing. Working in a dusty environment
can cause eye injuries and especially presents hazards to contact lens wearers.
5) Optical radiation
All the main types of welding produce ultraviolet, visible spectrum, and infrared radiation.
Since reflected light can also carry radiation, your eyes can be damaged from the arcs of
other welders, too. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in particular gets absorbed in the lens and
cornea and leads to swollen, painful eyes.
Eye damage brought about in this manner is called “welder’s flash.”

While intensely painful, it’s not irreversible. That said, ongoing
exposure to this type of radiation can yellow both the lens and
cornea over time. When this happens, you’ll struggle with contrast
in your vision.
Safety Spectacles
These are primary protective devices with side protection and impact-resistant
lenses intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from flying and striking objects, glare
and injurious radiation hazards.
Side protection can be provided by the use of side shields or wraparound-style

safety glasses.
Goggles are primary protective devices with tight fitting frame and impact-resistant
lenses that completely covers the eyes, eye sockets and facial area surrounding the eyes.
No Ventilation Goggle Indirect Ventilation Goggle Direct Ventilation Goggle
1. Unlike safety spectacles, goggles provide a secure shield around the entire eye area.
2. Goggles can be worn over prescription glasses and contact lenses to provide protection from
flying objects and chemical splashes and in dusty environments.
Face Shield is a protective device made of

impact-resistant shield that extend from the
eyebrows to below the chin and across the width of
the employee’s head.
Face shields protect against striking objects,
potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids,
and heat.
Faceshields should not be used in place of

safety glasses or goggles.
“As a general rule, face shields
should be worn over suitable basic
eye protection.”
National Safety Council
The National Safety Council is
America’s leading nonprofit safety
advocate.
It focuses on eliminating the leading
causes of preventable injuries and
deaths.
Performance Tests for Eye and Face Protection Devices

1. High Mass Impact Test
2. Optical Test Requirements
a. Refractive Power Test
b. Astigmatism Test
c. Resolving Power Test
d. Prismatic Power Test
3, Ignition Test
4. Corrosion Resistance Test of Metal Components
High Mass Impact Test

This test is intended to determine the capability of a protector to resist impact from relatively
heavy, pointed objects travelling at low velocity.
A complete device shall fail if any of the following occurs:

• any part, fragment or material visible to the unaided eye becomes detached from the
inner surface of any complete device, as determined by inspection of the device
• fracture
• penetration of the inner surface either by the projectile passing completely through
the lens, frame or housing component, or by rupture of the inner lens surface
• lens not retained :
Optical Test Requirements
Refractive Power Test – is a measure of the ability of a lens to focus light

rays, as expressed in diopters (D).
Astigmatism Test – is a measure of a difference in refractive power in

one meridian of the lens from that in another meridian, as expressed in
diopters (D).
Optical Test Requirements
Resolving Power Test – is a measure of the ability of a lens to form

separate images of two objects close together.
Prismatic Power Test – is a measure of angular deviation of a light ray

after passing along the viewing path through a lens, as expressed in
prism diopters (Δ).
Ignition Test
This test is intended to determine the protector’s resistance to ignition

as worn.
Each externally exposed material of protector (exclusive of textiles or

elastic bands) shall not ignite or continue to glow once the heated rod
is removed.
Corrosion Resistance Test of Metal Components

This test is intended to determine the capability of metal components
of a protector to resist corrosion.
Metal components used in protectors shall be corrosion resistant to

the degree that the function of the protector shall not be impaired by
the corrosion and the protector can be worn as intended.
FOR PERSONAL FALL

ARREST SYSEMS
ANSI/ASSE Z359.1-2007:
Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems,
Subsystems, and Components
ANSI/ASSE Z359.1-2007
Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Subsystems, and
Components
PURPOSE
This standard addresses only personal fall arrest systems (PFAS) incorporating full body
harness and establishes the minimum performance requirements .
This standard addresses equipment used in occupations requiring personal protection

against falls from heights and applies to the manufacturers, distributors, purchasers, and
users of such equipment.
Fall Hazard Defined

A fall hazard is anything in the workplace that could cause an unintended loss of balance
or bodily support and result in a fall.
Falls are among the most common causes of serious work related injuries and deaths.
Employers must set up the work place to prevent employees from falling off of
overhead platforms, elevated work stations or into holes in the floor and walls.
Elevated locations which require increased fall hazard awareness

 Scaffolds
 Ladders
 Roofs
 Open sides & edges
 Excavations edges
 Floor openings
 Form works Falls from any of these locations may occur
while climbing, traveling, or working.
What can be done to reduce falls

OSHA requires that fall protection be provided at elevations of four feet in general
industry workplaces and six feet in the construction industry.
To prevent employees from being injured from falls, employers must:
• Guard every floor hole into which a worker can accidentally walk (using a railing and toe-board
or a floor hole cover).
• Provide a guard rail and toe-board around every elevated open sided platform, floor or runway.
• Regardless of height, if a worker can fall into or onto dangerous machines or equipment,
employers must provide guardrails and toe-boards to prevent workers from falling and getting
injured.
• Use of personal fall arrest system or safety nets.
Connecting Lanyard
Flexible line of webbing or a synthetic rope used to secure a body belt or
full body harness to a lifeline or anchor.
Full-Body
Harness
It consists of straps passed over the shoulders, across the chest,

and around the legs. In a fall, a full body harness protects you
more than a body belt, because it distributes the force of impact
over a greater area of your body.
Test specimens submitted for testing shall undergo the following qualification
tensile test procedures to establish minimum performance requirements:
1. Webbing Harness, Webbing Lanyard and Rope Lanyard:
Load bearing strap materials shall develop a breaking strength of not less than 5000
pounds (22.2 kN).
2. Hook and Carabiner:

The specimens shall be capable of withstanding a tensile test force between its two
bearing points of 22.2 kN for 1 minute without breaking or distortion sufficient to
release the gate.
Test specimens submitted for testing shall undergo the following qualification
tensile test procedures to establish minimum performance requirements:
3. D-Ring, O-Ring and Oval Connectors:

The specimens shall be capable of withstanding a tensile test force between its two
bearing points of 22.2 kN for 1 minute without breaking.
4. Buckles:
The buckle frame specimens shall be capable of withstanding an internally applied
tensile load of 17.8 kN for 1 minute without breaking.
Swing fall hazard

If involved in a fall with an anchorage point that
is not positioned directly overhead, a swing fall
or pendulum effect will occur.
Striking an object while swinging can lead to
serious injury. It is very important to position
your anchorage point directly overhead
whenever possible to minimize swing falls.
Reminder: After A Fall
Immediately remove from service all equipment used to arrest the

fall. You cannot use the equipment again until it’s been inspected
and approved by the manufacturer or by safety consultants
(professional engineer).
FOR ELECTRICAL
RUBBER GLOVES
PNS ASTM D120:2016

Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves
Philippine National Standard

PNS ASTM D120:2016 (ASTM D120-14a)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE

Gloves are used for personal protections: therefore, when authorizing their use, a margin
of safety shall be allowed between the maximum voltage on which they are used and the
proof-test voltage at which they are tested.
Proof Tested Maximum Proof Tested Maximum

Class of VAC Use Voltage VDC Use Voltage
Equipment
(PNS ASTM D120:2016) AC DC
00 2500 500 10000 750
Electrical safety gloves
are categorized by the 0 5000 1000 20000 1500
level of voltage protection
1 10000 7500 40000 11250
they provide.
2 20000 17000 50000 25500
3 30000 26500 60000 39750
4 40000 36000 70000 54000
Periodic Electrical Resistance Test
In addition to the daily inspection, Electrical safety equipment are required to be subjected to
periodic electrical tests.
Rubber insulating gloves must be tested before first issue and every six months thereafter. If
the insulating gloves have been electrically tested but not issued for service, they may not be
placed into service unless they have been electrically tested within the previous 12 months.
An alternating glove color program is suggested to help ensure all gloves in use are in the
proper test cycle. This program creates a visual reminder of the proper test cycle by using
one color for the first six months and a different color for the following six months.
FOR FOOT
PROTECTION
PNS ASTM F2412:2016
Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection
PNS ASTM F2413:2016

Standard Specification For Performance Requirements
for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear
Foot Hazards
• Falling or rolling objects
• Sharp objects
• Live Electrical conductors
• Hot surfaces
• Wet, slippery surfaces
Common Foot Injury

• Fractures • Cuts
• Punctures • Amputations
• Burns • Electrocution

PNS ASTM F2412:2016 (ASTM F2412-11)
SCOPE
These test methods measure the resistance of footwear to a variety of hazards that can
potentially result in injury.
These test methods contain requirements to evaluate the performance of footwear for the
following: impact resistance, compression resistance, electric hazard resistance, static
dissipative property and mid-sole device puncture resistance.

PNS ASTM F2413:2016 (ASTM F2413-11)
Standard Specification For Performance Requirements for
Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear
SCOPE
This specification covers minimum requirements for the performance of footwear to provide
protection against a variety of workplace hazards that can potentially result in injury.
This specification contains requirements to evaluate the performance of footwear for the
following: impact resistance, compression resistance, electric hazard resistance, static
dissipative property and mid-sole device puncture resistance.
PNS-ASTM F2413:2016
Standard Specification for Performance Requirements
IMPACT RESISTANCE (I/75) for the toe area of footwear requires a minimum clearance of 12.7 mm for
men’s and 11.9 mm for women’s after a nominal impact of 75 foot-pounds (101.7J).
COMPRESSION RESISTANCE (C/75) for the toe area of footwear requires a minimum clearance of
12.7 mm for men’s and 11.9 mm for women’s after compression of 2500 lbs. (11,121 N).
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE (PR) properties of the footwear puncture resistant device. PR constructed
or manufactured footwear with puncture resistant device shall be capable of withstanding a force load
of not less than 1200N (270 lbf) without the test pin visually penetrating beyond the face of the material.
Electrical Properties of Safety Shoes
ELECTRIC HAZARD (EH) resistance of the footwear. EH constructed or manufactured footwear

with electric shock resisting soles and heels capable of withstanding an application of 18,000 volts
(root mean square (RMS) value) at 60 Hz for 1 minute with no current flow or leakage current in
excess of 1.0 milliampere under dry conditions.
STATIC DISSIPATIVE (SD) properties of the footwear. SD constructed or manufactured footwear

will provide for a resistance of between 1 and 100 meg ohms when 50 volts are applied via an
electrode to the hand of a person wearing the SD test sample on a conductive ground plate.
CLEAR POINTS
PPE requirement of workers in workplaces is the responsibility of employers and contractors.
Appropriate types of PPEs for use shall be based on the hazard assessments of the
safety officer.
Only the PPEs as tested and approved by the OSHC/DOLE (such as safety shoes, hard
hats, safety spectacles, safety goggles, impact resistant faceshields, electrical rubber
gloves, personal fall arrest system) shall be provided to the workers free of charge.
Summary
• Assess the workplace for hazards

• Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using
PPE
• Select appropriate and approved PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be
eliminated
• Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, how and when it must be worn
• Train employees how to use and care for their PPE, including how to recognize
deterioration and failure
• Require employees to wear selected PPE
Validity of Final Test
Results Report – the
issued final test result
report for a PPE test
request shall have a
validity of two years
from the date
indicated in the report.
List of Passed PPEs as of December 2020

https://oshc.dole.gov.ph
Occupational Safety and Health Center
Thank you for

Listening!
ENGR. RAMON B. FERNANDO
ENGINEER III
SAFETY CONTROL DIVISION
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER

Personal Protective Equipment Testing Standards

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Personal Protective Equipment Testing Standards

ENGR. RAMON B. FERNANDO

Objective of the Webinar:

To update participants on the current Personal Protective

Laws and Regulations On

The DOLE is the lead agency of the government in charge in the

(Legal basis: Presidential Decree No. 442)

Bureau of Working DOLE Regional Offices

Updating of Occupational Safety OSH Enforcement

Compensation / Rehabilitation of Work Prevention through OSH Education,

Employees’ Compensation Occupational Safety

EXECUTIVE ORDER No. 307

Refers to a set of rules issued by DOLE

REPUBLIC ACT No. 11058

AN ACT STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL

DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 198

Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11058

Chapter III – Section 8, D.O.# 198

Every employer, contractor, subcontractor, if any, shall

Chapter III – Section 8, D.O.# 198

All PPE shall be of appropriate type as tested and approved

Chapter III – Section 8, D.O.# 198

The usage of PPE in all establishments, project sites, and

Chapter III – Section 8, D.O.# 198

All PPE must be of appropriate size, weight, and type to

Chapter III – Section 8, D.O.# 198

Failure to provide appropriate PPE in high risk activities shall

Personal Protective Equipment

Definition of Terms, DOLE D.O. # 198

Occupational Head Hazards & Effects

Parts of a Hard Hat

Types and Classes

Protective helmets are described by impact type and electrical class.

Electrical Classes for Type I and Type II Helmets

No Electrical Protection Type of Hard Hats

Force Transmission Test

Force Transmission Test

Apex Penetration Test

Apex Penetration Test

FOR EYE AND FACE

Examples of Eye or Face Hazards

Eye damage brought about in this manner is called “welder’s flash.”

Side protection can be provided by the use of side shields or wraparound-style

No Ventilation Goggle Indirect Ventilation Goggle Direct Ventilation Goggle

Face Shield is a protective device made of

Faceshields should not be used in place of

Performance Tests for Eye and Face Protection Devices

High Mass Impact Test

A complete device shall fail if any of the following occurs:

Optical Test Requirements

Refractive Power Test – is a measure of the ability of a lens to focus light

Astigmatism Test – is a measure of a difference in refractive power in

Optical Test Requirements

Resolving Power Test – is a measure of the ability of a lens to form

Prismatic Power Test – is a measure of angular deviation of a light ray

This test is intended to determine the protector’s resistance to ignition

Each externally exposed material of protector (exclusive of textiles or

Corrosion Resistance Test of Metal Components

Metal components used in protectors shall be corrosion resistant to