HEMATOLOGY UNIT

PRETEST
New Methylene Blue This is the most common supravital stain used for reticulocytes
count. This stain makes it possible to see the
reticulofilamentous pattern of ribosomes characteristically
precipitated in these live immature red blood cells by the
supravital stains.
ABX Difftrol/ABX Minitrol A tri-level multiparameter control intended for in vitro
diagnostic use and designed for use in monitoring the
accuracy and precision of HORIBA Medical hematology blood
cell counters.

Cuvette Roll/Wheel It is the roll/wheel that holds the cuvettes in Stago Compact
Max machine for PTPA/APTT/D-Dimer test. The cuvette
wheel is located on the right-hand side of the instrument.

Liatest D-D Plus ( Latex Is a well established, rapid, automated, quantitative immune-
and Buffer) turbidimetric assay that has been used for the quantitative
determination of D-dimer levels.

File Box is a box or container where smears are saved for 1 week. After
a week, smears are discarded.

ABX Diluent Buffered isotonic solution for sheating and diluting leucocytes,
and for the determination and differentiation of blood cells, and
the measurement of hematocrit on HORIBA Medical blood cell
counters/ABX Pentra XL machine.

Wintrobe Tube This is a tube of 110 mm long and with an internal bore
diameter of 3mm. The tube is closed at one end. This tube is
graduated on both sides from 0-10 in ascending and
descending order. The tube holds approximately 1 ml of blood.
One of its uses is for the determination of Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR).
ABX Pentra XL 80 High performance hematology analysis with integrated
validation 80 test per hour. Utilizes flow cytometry using
principles of impedance, cytochemistry and measurement of
light absorbance, Multi Distribution Sampling System (MDSS)
microsampling.

STAGO Compact Max a fully automated clinical analyzer designed to perform tests
on human plasmas, the results of which aid in the diagnosis of
coagulation abnormalities or in monitoring anticoagulant
therapy.

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 INTRODUCTION
Cells in the blood is being tested in the hematology Unit. There are different cells present in the blood.
It is the responsibility of a registered medical technologist to classify the cells present in our body. The rests of
these tests are important in identifying various diseases.

LABORATORY QUICK TOUR

Receiving Post analytical
area section (4
computers)

Smear area Staining area

Viewing Standard Operating

area Procedure

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Department of Pathology Hematology Unit Services Offered:
• Complete Blood Count (CBC) • Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
• Platelet Count • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
• Hemoglobin and Hematocrit • D-Dimer Assay
• Red Blood Cell Count • Bleeding Time (Duke's Method)
• Reticulocyte Count • Clotting Time (Slide Method)
•Red Cell Indices • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
• Mean Cell Volume (MCV) • Absolute Eosinophil Count
• Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH) • Malarial Smear
• Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) • Thin Smear
• Red Blood Cell Morphology • Thick Smear
• Peripheral Blood Smear
• Malarial Parasite Count

LECTURE
ZENAIDA B. BALLAD INTERN'S MONITOR
MARIA NENETH DIONEDA, RMT UNIT SUPERVISOR
ALMA S. OPIDA, RMT ASSISTANT SUPERVISOR
TEST DONE IN HEMATOLOGY UNIT
ROUTINE TEST Complete Blood Count and Platelet Count
COAGULATION TESTS Prothrombin Time Test
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Test
SPECIAL TEST D-Dimer Test
OTHER TESTS Reticulocyte Count
RCM/PBS (Red Cell Morphology/Peripheral Blood Smear)
CT/BT (Clotting time/Bleeding Time)
ESR (erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
HEMATOLOGY UNIT
HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER Main Unit On The Right Side
ABX Pentra x180 Back-Up Unit On The Left

Only 5 reagents ABX Alphalyse or ABX Lysebio (cyanide free)

ABX Basolyse II TM
ABX Eosinofix
ABX Cleaner
ABX Diluent

PRINCIPLE OF HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE

The traditional method for counting cells is electrical

impedance, also known as the Coulter Principle. It is used in
almost every hematology analyzer.

Whole blood is passed between two electrodes through an

aperture so narrow that only one cell can pass through at a
time. The impedance changes as a cell passes through. The
change in impedance is proportional to cell volume, resulting
in a cell count and measure of volume.

Impedance analysis returns CBCS and three-part WBC

differentials (granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes) but

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 cannot distinguish between the similarly sized granular
leukocytes: eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils.

Counting rates of up to 10,000 cells per second can be

achieved and a typical impedance analysis can be carried out
in less than a minute.
COAGULATION UNIT
PRINCIPLE OF STAGO COMPACT MAX MECHANICAL END-POINT DETECTION

Electromechanical clot detection systems measure a change

in conductivity between two metal electrodes in plasma. The
BBL Fibrometer was the first semiautomated instrument to be
used routinely in the coagulation laboratory. The probe of this
instrument has one stationary and one moving electrode.
During clotting, the moving electrode enters and leaves the
plasma at regular intervals. The current between the
electrodes is broken as the moving electrode leaves the
plasma. When a clot forms, the fibrin strand conducts current
between the electrodes even when the moving electrode exits
the solution. The current completes a circuit and stops the
timer.

Another mechanical clot detection method employs a magnetic

sensor that monitors the movement of a steel ball within the
test plasma. Two principles are used for the mechanical clot
detection in the routinely used coagulation instruments. In one
system, an electromagnetic field detects the oscillation of a
steel ball within the plasma-reagent solution. As fibrin strands
form, the viscosity starts to increase, slowing the movement
(Figure 44-1). When the oscillation decreases to a predefined
rate, the timer stops. indicating the clotting time of the plasma.
This methodology is found on all Diagnostica Stago. analyzers

COMPILATION OF PROCEDURES
CBC PROCEDURE (PRE-ANALYTICAL)
1. Receive the request 2. Check the quality
from with your dater and integrity of the
spx

3. Validate the 4. Record it on your

barcode master list

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 CBC PROCEDURE (ANALYTICAL)
1. Back-up machine will 2. Scan the barcode
be used with the barcode reader

3. Mix the specimen up 4. Process the spx

to 10 times

CBC PROCEDURE (POST-ANALYTICAL)

1. After processing, will 2. Notice the flags
diplay the result in the present - Large immature
monitor cells (needs smearing)

3. Notice the 4. The machine will also

Scattergram (LMNE) print out the result. The
result will be transmitted
in the Laboratory
Information System

After this, procede to smear preparation.

SMEAR PROCEDURE
1. Mix the blood well 2. Make an ideal smear

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3. Label your slide 4. Allow to air-dry

STAINING PROCEDURE
1. Prepare 4 2. Solution 1
solutions for (3-5 dips)
hema quick stain

3. Solution 2 4. Solution 3
(5-10 dips) (40 – 60 dips)

5. Solution 4 6. Wash in a tap

(5 dips) water
(5 flow forward)

7. Allow it to dry. When Recap for Dips:

completely dried, it is now Solution 1 (3-5 dips)
ready for viewing in the Solution 2 (5-10 dips)
microscope Solution 3 (40 – 60 dips)
Solution 4 (5 dips)
Wash in a tap water (5 flow forward)

RETICS COUNT PROCEDURE

1. Mix the tube spx 2. In a clean and dry test
tube, put two drops of blood

3. Add two drops of 4. Mix well

methylene blue

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5. Stand for 10 minutes 6. After 10 minutes,
make a smear

7. Label the slide 8. Allow air-dry.

The result from the LIS will be edited by the staff to include the platelet count and differential count based
on the laboratory’s manual reading. The result from the LIS will be transmitted in the HIS.
CBC PROCEDURE (FINAL POST-ANALYTICAL)
1. Copy the manual 2. Manage examinations in
results to the the HIS
machine results

3. Laboratory Information 4. Enter the names

System Press F8 so that (patient, pathologist and
the result may be medtech). Release the
transmitted to the HIS results on all wards.

5. Print the results. The

medtech will now sign the
results.

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 COAGULATION TEST (PT and APTT)
1. The citrated specimen must 2. Open the cap
be numbered with the last and position the
name of the patient. tube in the plates.

3. Choose the test (PT or 4. After that, the result will be copied from the
APTT or D-dimer) machine and it will be released in the HIS

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