TYPES OF AVERAGE

under:
classified as
averages
are broadly
In statistics,
Types of Average

Mathematical
Positional
AverageS Averages
Median
Geometric Harmonic Mode
Arithmetic
Mean Mean
Mean

MATHEMATICAL AVERAGES
certain mathematical procedures. In these tvmes of
These averages are calculated by using
items of data is taken into
account.
averages each and every
ARITHMETIC MEAN
that qualifies almost
also known mean or average. It is the only average
Arithmetic mean is as

measure of central tendency.

In simple way arithmetic mean is
all the essential requisites of a good the total by the number
value obtained by adding all the items of a series and dividing
the numerical
of values.

DEFINITION
sum or
arthmetic mean is the amount secured by dividing the
According to H. Secrist, "The
value of the items in a series by their numbers."
Arithmetic mean may be of two types

(a) Simple Arithmetic mean

(b) Weighted Arithmetic mean

SIMPLE ARITHMETIC MEAN

i.e.
Simple Arithmetic mean may be calculated with respect to different statistical s
(a) Individual series (b) Discrete Series (c) Continuous series.
ARITHMETIC MEAN IN CASE OF INDIVIDUAL SERIES
1. Direct Method: Arithmetic mean is the ratio of sum of items to the number of ite

X, X2, Xg. Xpn are items, then Arithmetic Mean istÄ2+X3t..*An

n
 Arithmetic mean is denoted by X

tX+X3 t.+Xn2X
n

HereX = sum of items

n number of items
X arithmetic mean

Ex 1. Find the arithmetic mean of 7, 6, 4, 5, 8 and 12.

Sol. Here, X=7,6,4,5, 8, 12
2X =7 +6+4+5+8+12=42

n=6

R-2 -7
-7 Ans.

The marks obtained by 10 students in a class test are given as 10, 14, 12, 14, 16,
Ex 2.
12, 10, 8, 14, 16. Find the mean marks.
Sol. Here Marks X =
10, 14, 12, 14, 16, 12, 10, 8, 14, 16
Now X = 10+ 14 +12 +14 + 16+12+10+8+ 14+ 16 = 126

n= 10

1 0 12.6
X n

Mean Marks = 12.6 Ans.

Ex 3. From the following marks obtained by students of a class, find the mean marks.
80, 40, 60, 70, 85, 70, 55, 65, 75, 65, 85, 45, 70
 SHORT cUT METHOD
In this method average deviations are taken by using assumed mean. Following formula is
used to calculated arithmetic mean from short cut method.

X =A+ ax n = number of items

n

X arthmetic mean

Here A = Assumed mean

dX = Deviation taken from assumed mean = X-A

Steps for Calculation

(a) Select or choose any item from the series as assumed mean, denoted by 'A'.
After selecting 'A' deviations from the assumed mean i.e., dX = X - A are taken
b)
(c) Find addition of dX and denote it as ax.

(d) Apply the following formula for caleulating arithmetic mean

XA+ 2dK
n

Ex 4 From the following data, find out of the arithmetic mean by using short cut method.

S.No: 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12
9
Income: 15| 20 40
45 3050 60 45 70 42 60 65

Sol. Taking 40 as a Assumed mean: A = 40

|S.No. Income dx= X- A

X A 40
1 15 - 25

2 20 20
 S.No. Income dX = X-A
X A=40
3 40 0
45 5
5 30 -10
6 50 10
7 60 20
8 45 5
9 70 30
10 42 2
11 60 20
12 65 25

dX 62

dX =
62, A =
40, n = 12

Now Arthmetic Mean = X =A+ 20

n

62
= 40+12
X 40+5.167

Average Income X 45.167 Ans.

Step Deviation Method
Step deviation method can be used when some common factor can be taken from dX values.
Following formula is used under this method

X A+ n
X C

Here c= Highest Common Factor of dx values

dX
d'X=

A Assumed Mean
X = Arithmetic Mean
Ex 5. Calculate arithmetic mean from the following data using step deviation method.

10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120
Sol Taking 70 as a assumed mean

A 70

dX
X dX = X- A d'X= , c 10
10 - 60
-6
20 - 50

30 -40 - 4

40 -30 -3
50 - 20
2
60 10
70 0
80 10
90 20 2
100 30 3
110 40 4
120 50 5

d x = -6

dx xc
Arithmetic mean =A+
n

= 70+2 x10
60
70- =70-5 65
12

65 Ans.

EXERCISE
1. From the data given below calculate arithmetic mean.

10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
Ans. 555
 ARITHMETIC MEAN IN CASE OF DISCRETE SERIES

Discrete Series is that series in which observations (items) are given along with their frequencies.
Arithmetic mean of discrete series can be calculated by direct method, Short cut method and
by Step deviation method.
Direct Method : This method involves the following given steps
(a) Multiply the various values of the variable with corresponding frequencies, i.e. find F,X|.
F2X2, F3Xg... etc.

b) Find the total of values given by, FX =F,X +FX, + FX3 + .

 (c) Find the sum of given frequencies and denote it by 2F=N

(d) Find the arithmetic mean with the following formula :

or
FX
N

Here X =
Arithmetic mean

FX =
Total of product of values and
corresponding frequencies
N= F =Total (Sum) of frequencies
Ex6. From the following data, find out the arithmetic mean by using direct method.
Marks: 5 7 9 11 12 13 15 17 20
Frequency:3 10 13 20 7 6 4 2 3
Sol.
Marks
Frequency FX
X F
5 3 15
7 10 70
9 13 117
11 20 220
12 7 84
13 6
78
15 4
60
17
2
34
20
3
60
F N= 68
FX=738
Arithmetic Mean ==
N

738
- 68 =10.85
X =
10.85 Ans.
ii) Short Cut Method:
Following steps are involved in this
(alTake assumed mean "A from the method
middle of values of the variable.
 b) Find deviations of all the values from 'A' and denote it as dX, i.e., dX = X- A

(c) Multiply each value of dX with the corresponding frequency (F) and represent it by FdX.

(d) Find total of FdX and denote it by FdX

(e) Apply the following formula to find out the value of arithmetic mean.

=A+ 2Fdx
N

Here X= Arithmetic mean

N F = Number of observations
A Assumed mean.

Ex1 Following data relates to number of calls received by an exchange under the frequency
distribution. Calculate Arithmetic Mean.
No. of Cals:|10 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Frequency 50 40 4232 7 10 16 4 2
Sol Taking 22 as a assumed mean.

Number of Frequency A 22 FdX

F dX= X - A
Calls X

- 12 - 600
10 50
-6 - 240
16 40
- 4 - 168
18 42
32 -2 - 64
20
22 7 0

24 10 2 20

26 16 64

28 4 24
30 2 8 16

948
F=N= 203 2 FdX =-
 Fdx
Arithmetic Mean X= A+
N

-948
X 22+ 203

X 22-4.67
LX =17.33 Ans.
(iii) Step Deviation Method
This method is applied when highest common factor can be taken from dX value.
Following formula is applied in this method:

X=A + r ' x
-xc
N
Here
Here A = Assumed Mean

dX
d'X= c = Highest Common Factor from dX value
c

N 2F
X = Arithmetic mean.

Ex 8. Find out arithmetic mean from the following data by using Step deviation method.
Income : 10 15 20 30
25 35 40
LEmployees 10 4 66 12 8 4 10 2
Sol Taking 20 as a Assumed Mean.

dX
Income Employees dX = X- A d'X= Fd'X
C

X F A 20 C5
5 10 - 15
-3 - 30
10 4 - 10
-2 8
15 6 5 1 6
20 12 0 0
25 8 S 8
30 4
10 8
35 10
15 3 30
40 2
20 4 8
F=N =56
Fd X = 10
 2Rd'x
X = A+ XC
N

10
X= 20+ x5
56

50
20 +6
X = 20+0.89

Arithmetic Mean = X = 20.89 Ans.

EXERCISE
1. Calculate Arithmetic Mean from the following data
X: 0 2 3 4 5 6 7

F:|14 21 2543 51 40 39 12