Web Based Systems Development: IT1100 - Internet and Web Technologies
Web Based Systems Development: IT1100 - Internet and Web Technologies
Lecture 02
Web based Systems development
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Content
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Distributed systems and
their architectures
Distributed systems and their Architectures
▪ Distributed systems
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Distributed Systems vs Standalone Systems
Standalone Computer Distributed system
System
▪ All the components are ▪ The components are
executed within a single distributed and executed in
device multiple devices
▪ Do not need a network ▪ Need a network
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Client-server architecture (2-tier)
• The basic architecture of the distributed systems is called
the client-server (or two-tier) architecture
• Usually the client (user) sends a request asking the server
for some service and the server responses with the
resources
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Client-server architecture (2-tier)
• There can be multiple clients, accessing the same server.
• These clients may use different types of devices
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Client-server architecture (3-tier)
• 3-tier architecture is used, when there is a need for data persistence and
also to separate the application logic from the data
• This can be seen as an extension of 2-tier architecture
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Client-server architecture (n-tier)
• When there is a need for further separation and distribution of the
components, more tiers can be added and extend the 2-tier or 3-tier
architecture into an n-tier architecture
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Main concepts of Web
Web server
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Domain name
• The server computer has an IP address, which is used
to access and communicate with the server.
– Ex: 74.125.236.199
• An IP address is not human friendly, therefore more
human friendly name is given for humans to identify the
server, which is called the domain name
– ex: www.google.com
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Domain name
There is a hierarchy for the domain names
(sub-domains)
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Domain Name System (DNS)
• DNS is a network, which consists of Domain
Name Servers
• DNS helps to map the domain name to the IP
address
– This process is called the address resolution
(DNS resolution )
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System17
Domain Name System (DNS)
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Unified Resource Identifier (URI)
• URI is a string of characters designed for unambiguous identification
of resources.
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Unified Resource Identifier (URN)
urn:nbn:de:101:3-2019075675872913
urn:uuid:6r4bc420-9c3a-12i9-97d9-0665700c9a66
ISBN 1-446-2776877-40
Unified Resource Identifier (URL)
Unified Resource Locator (URL) can be seen as a web address,
which is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location
on a computer network.
– www.google.com/search?q=examples
– https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
– https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
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URI, URL and URN example
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Websites
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Web Applications
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Websites Vs. Web Applications
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E-commerce systems
E-commerce is a large domain, which covers many
related concepts like
– Internet marketing
– Electronic fund transfer
– Online transaction processing
– And many more…..
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E-commerce systems
E-commerce systems provide online buying and
selling over the internet.
There is a large variety of types of e-
commerce systems
– Online goods/soft items(software, e-books, videos)
– Retail services (travel, food, cloths)
– Marketing services (advertising, auctions)
– Customer services (help centers, online banking)
– Many more…..
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E-commerce systems
• E-commerce systems can also be categorized according
to the stakeholder engagement
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Advantages of e-commerce
• To customers
– No queues
– Reduced price
– Global transactions
– Available 24/7
– Wide collection for easy selection
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Disadvantages of e-commerce
• To customers
– Cannot examine the product
– Lacks the shopping experience
– Needs internet access
– Can be addicted
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Advantages of e-commerce
• To businesses
– After the capital cost, maintenance cost is low
– Global customers
– Increased market share
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Disadvantages of e-commerce
• To businesses
– For physical items, storing and distributing is
needed
– Need to update the system frequently
– Depends on the power and the internet
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Web Forms
• E-commerce systems use web forms to capture the customers’ data
and send to the server for processing
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Web Forms
• Forms use variety of fields (elements) or structures not only to
capture the users’ data, but also to display data and information
• Input fields
– Text boxes, dropdown lists, option buttons, radio buttons, selectable
items, drag and drop items, file selectors, etc..
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Web Forms Development
• When developing HTML web forms, all the form elements are
wrapped by the parent element named “form”, which has 2 main
attributes
</form>
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Form method
• Used to specify the type of the intended action the form
submission is needed
Ex: available form methods in HTML
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Form method – get
• Default form method to submit data
• Data is visible on the address bar
• www.myDomain.com/controller.php?name=Saman&age=35
• Appends form-data into the URL in name/value pairs (Query string)
• The length of a URL is limited (about 3000 characters)
• Never use GET to send sensitive data! (will be visible in the URL)
• – GET is better for non-secure data
• Useful for form submissions where a user want to bookmark the result
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Form method – post
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Form action
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Form submission
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Form elements
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Form validation
Form validation – using HTML
<input type="text" name=“name" required>
<input type="text" name="name" value=“Sam" readonly>
<input type="text" name="name" value=“Sam“ disabled >
<input type="text" name="name" value=“Sam“ size=“20” >
<input type="text" name="name" value=“Sam“ maxlength=“50” >
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Summary
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