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Earth Science

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TASK SHEET: ROCK FORMATION AND METAMORPHISM

A. Identify the following terms being described below.

1. The slow process where older minerals decompose and form minerals.

2. This process takes place when dissolved mineral grains from high pressure areas recrystallize in areas
with lower pressure.

3. This happens when minerals stretch instead of breaking when they are subjected to deformational
forces in high temperatures.

4. This process occurs when mineral grains change in size and shape from the original mineral.

5. This happens when there is a change in the mineral structure while retaining the same chemical
composition.

B. Write true if the statement is correct, and write false if it is otherwise.

1. A protolith is always an igneous rock.

2. Weathering changes the protolith into metamorphic rocks.

3. If a rock begins to melt under high temperature, it will form an igneous rock.

4. The change in the protolith refers to the change in the texture and mineralogy from the original rock.

5. Rocks on the surface of Earth that are exposed to the sun will always

undergo metamorphism.

6. A polymorph of pyrite (FeS2) is troilite (FeS).

7. When limestone changes to marble, calcite crystals found in limestone become larger crystals in the
process known as recrystallization.

8. The weathering of potassium-rich feldspar by rainwater resulting in the formation of muscovite


crystals in rocks is a form of neocrystallization.

9. Pressure solution occurs when pressure is applied to the protolith and it bends instead of breaking.

10. Plastic deformation occurs when the minerals in a rock dissolve in hot water and recrystallize
elsewhere when the rock is subjected to intense pressure.

C. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow:

1. What are the estimated minimum temperature and pressure values for phyllite to form?

2. Which rock in the graph is formed through high-grade metamorphism?

3. Which rock in the graph is formed nearest to the surface?

4. Which rock in the graph is formed under the highest pressure?

5. What is the metamorphic grade of slate?


TASK SHEET: ROCK FORMATION AND METAMORPHISM

D. Instruction: Answer the following questions.

1. Suppose that you have the technology to create metamorphic rocks from existing materials. What do
you think this technology will do to the minerals?

2. Suppose that you want to form quartz from shale. How will you develop your technology to be able to
do this?

3. You want to survey conditions that can form metamorphic rocks. What devices can you develop to do
this?

4. You observed that there was an alteration of rocks after a meteorite has struck. How would you
explain this?

5. Suppose that you want to develop technology to control the formation of metamorphic rocks. What
are the things that your technology must be able to control?

6. Suppose that igneous intrusions and the Earth’s geothermal temperature are unavailable, and you
want to use these factors to alter a rock. What other options related to these can you use?

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