Human Rights

HUMAN RIGHTS
Man has the basic rights to life, dignity and self-development. Society has the basic rights to survive, self-determination
and right to develop as a society. The government is created by the society or by the people, for the people, and of the
people. The Philippines ... adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and
adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.
Sec. 1
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the
equal protection of the laws.
Sec. 2
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and
seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable
Sec. 3
The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when
public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.
Sec. 4
No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.
Sec. 5
No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise
and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No
religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.
Sec. 6
The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon
lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public
safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.
Sec. 7
The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized.
Sec. 8
The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or
societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Sec. 9
Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
Sec. 10
No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Sec. 11
Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by
reason of poverty.
Sec. 12
(1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to
remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice.
Sec. 13
All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall,
before conviction, be bailable by sureties, or be released on recognizance as maybe provided by law.
Sec. 14
No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.
Sec. 15
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in case of invasion or rebellion when the public
safety requires it.
Sec. 16
All persons shall have the right to a
speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies
Sec. 17
No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Sec. 18
(1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime
Sec. 19
Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or in Human punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty
be imposed
Sec. 20
No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Sec. 21
No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense.
THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY
The word “threat” literally means the expression of an intention to inflict injury to another. Two elements are interfered
from this definition. The first is intention, either declared or indicated to inflict injury. The second, is force or the means
with which to carry The intention.
B. Threat to National Security is defined as an intention, declared or indicated
To jeopardize, prejudice, or in any way endanger by the use of force or any means the security of the state.
C. Classification of Threat to National Security – Threat to National Security can be classified in accordance with-
• The Source – Can either be internal or external. A threat generated from within the territorial limits of the country is
said to be an internal threat. A threat from outside the country is referred to as an external threat.
The Form – Depending upon the type of force or means intended to be utilized, the threat to National Security can be
termed either as military or non-military. Military threat is the intention to use
Military force to attain the objectives. Non-military threat is the use of all means other than Military. This refers to acts,
methods, forms and techniques designed to weaken or destroy the military, political, economic and social structure of
the nation.
The Existence – The threat to National Security can be either actual or potential. Potential threat literally means existing
in possibilities but not in actuality; becoming as distinguished from being possible or in the making.
1. Local Communists:
• Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP)
• The Peking-oriented element is designed to topple the duly established government and in turn seize state power. Its
objective is to overthrow the established government through violent Means.
Secessionist movement’s ultimate purpose of this movement is to create an independent Bangsa Moro comprising the
whole or part of Mindanao, Palawan, Sulu, Basilan and Tawi-Tawi.

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HUMAN RIGHTS

No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

All persons shall have the right to a

No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY

B. Threat to National Security is defined as an intention, declared or indicated

• Communist Party of the

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