Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

8 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 8-9:
Application of Triangle Congruence

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
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Name of School: ___________________________
 In the previous lesson you have learned congruence postulates and theorems that
are used to prove triangle congruence. Now you are ready to learn the application of
triangle congruence.

What I Need to Know

LEARNING COMPETENCY
At the end of this module, you will be able to apply triangle
congruence to construct perpendicular bisector and angle bisector.

What I Know
Directions: Let’s find out how much you already know about this module. Read and
analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

______1. What triangle has two congruent sides and two congruent angles?

A. equilateral triangle C. isosceles triangle

B. scalene triangle D. right triangle

______2. What line segment bisects one of the vertices of a triangle?

A. angle C. perpendicular bisector

B. side D. angle bisector

______3. Which of the following are congruent in an isosceles triangle?

A. base angles and legs C. legs

B. base angles and bases D. bases

______4. Which of the following statements must be true if two sides of a triangle are
congruent?

A. The angles opposite the congruent sides are congruent.

B. The triangle is a right triangle.
C. The third side is also congruent.
D. The triangle is equilateral.

For items 5 to 6

Complete the proof. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct answer.

A. ASA C. ∠BAM ≅ ∠CAM

B. SAS D. BA ≅ CA

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Let ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle, with AB ≅ AC and AM bisects ∠ABC.

Prove that ∠B ≅ ∠C.

Statements Reasons C
AB ≅ AC Given
AM ≅ AM Reflexive property
A M
5. ___________ Definition of angle bisector

∆ABM = ∆ACM 6.___________ B

∠B = ∠C CPCTC

______7. AM is an angle bisector of ∠CAB. If the measure of ∠CAM = 35⁰, what is the
measure of ∠BAM?

A. 17.5⁰ B. 35⁰ C. 60⁰ D. 90⁰

______8. CD is a perpendicular bisector of ST. If the measure of ST = 12 m, find the

measure of TD.

A. 6m B.8m C. 10m D.12m

______9. In ∆ABC, AB ≅ AC. If m ∠ B = 80⁰, find the measure of ∠C.

A. 50⁰ B.60⁰ C.70⁰ D.80⁰

______10. OE is perpendicular bisector of LV. Which O

statement can NOT always be proven?

A. ∠LEO ≅ ∠VEO C. OE ≅ EV
B. ∆LOE ≅ ∆VOE D. LE ≅ EV

L V
E

What’s In
Do you still remember what an isosceles triangle is? Answer the given activity below.

Activity 1: “I Still Remember You”

1. Color or shade the isosceles triangle.

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 2. Name the corresponding part of the isosceles ∆FUN.
N
∠N ≅ ________
∠FUA ≅ ______
NU ≅ ________
AF ≅ ________ U A

F
A triangle is isosceles if two of its sides are
congruent. The congruent sides are its legs, the Vertex
third side is the base; the angles opposite the Angle
Leg
congruent sides are the base angles; and the Leg
angle included by the legs is the vertex angle.
Base Base Base
Angle Angle

What’s New
Activity 2: “True or False”

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true, otherwise write FALSE.

_______1. MO ≡ OY

_______2. ∠OMT ≡ ∠OTY

_______3. TO is perpendicular bisector of MY

_______4. TO is an angle bisector of ∠MTO and ∠YTO

_______5. ∆MTO is an isosceles triangle

What is it
After answering all the activities now, we will familiarize the geometric concept
that will help us prove congruence between two angles and two segments.
Perpendicular bisector -is a line segment forms a 90⁰ angle. It goes through the
midpoint on the opposite side.

Example: C
F
Perpendicular FD is a perpendicular
bisector bisector
D is the Midpoint of BA
BD = DA
BD + DA = BA
B A Angle BDF = 90⁰

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Angle bisector -is a line segment that bisects one of the vertex angles of a triangle. It
divides the angle into two equal angles.
B
Angle bisector
BD is an angle bisector
∠ABD = ∠CBD
∠ABD + ∠CBD =∠ABC

A C
D
Observe the given examples below.

Example 1:

Consider ∆TMY is an isosceles triangle with TM ≅ TY. Is ∠M ≅ ∠Y? Justify your answer
by completing the two-way proof.
T
Statements Reasons
1. Construct angle bisector Every angle has 1 angle
TO to ∠T bisector
2. ∠MTO ≅ ∠YTO Definition of a bisector
3. TM ≅ TY Given
4. MO ≅ YO Definition of a midpoint
5. ∆MTO ≅ ∆YTO SAS postulate
6. ∠M ≅ ∠ Y CPCTC M C
O
Note:

Isosceles Triangle Theorem: If two sides of a triangle are congruent then the angles
opposite these sides are congruent.

TM ≅ TY, the opposite angle of TM is ∠Y, and the opposite angle of TY is ∠ M, therefore
∠Y ≅ ∠ M

Example 2:
Given: ∆ CIS, with base angles ∠C and ∠S, IO is the angle bisector of ∠CIS
Prove: IO is the perpendicular bisector of CS
I
Statements Reasons
1. ∆CIS, with base angles
∠C and ∠S, IO is the Given
angle bisector of ∠CIS
2. ∠C ≅ ∠S Base Angle Theorem
Definition of an Angle
3. ∠CIO ≅ ∠SIO Bisector
4. IO ≅ IO Reflexive Property C S
O
5. ∆CIO ≅ ∆SIO SAS
6. CO ≅ OS CPCTC

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7. ∠IOC ≅ ∠IOS CPCTC
Definition of
8. ∠IOC = ∠IOS = 90⁰ perpendicular bisector
Definition of a
9. IO is the perpendicular perpendicular bisector
bisector of CS (6-9)

The next examples this will allow you to put what you've learned into practice.

Example 3:

QS is the angle bisector of ∆PQR.

1. Find the m∠SQR if the m∠PQR is 72°.

2. Find the measure of RS if the measure of PR is 18m.
P

Q
S

R
We all know that the definition of an angle bisector, divides the angle into two equal
angles. Therefore, m∠SQP ≅ m∠SQR.

Solutions:
1 1
1. m∠PQR = m∠SQR 2. PR = RS
2 2
1 1
(72°) = m∠SQR (18) = RS
2 2
Answer: m∠SQR= 36° 9 = RS
Answer: RS = 9m

Example 4:

BA≅ BC and ∠BAD ≅ ∠BCD

1. Find the values of x and y to make this

triangles congruent.

2. What is the measure of the congruent side

BA and BC, and the congruent angles
∠BAD and ∠BCD?

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Solutions:

Find the value of x Find the value of y

BA≅ BC ∠BAD ≅ ∠BCD

3x – 11 = x + 5 4y – 1 = y + 41
3x–x –11= x –x + 5 4y–y –1= y –y + 41
2x -11 = 5 3y -1 = 41
2x–11+11= 5+11 3y–1+1= 41+1
2x = 16 3y = 42
2=2 3=3
Answer: x = 8 Answer: y = 14

Substitute the value of to the equations: Substitute the value of y to the equations:
3x – 11 = x + 5 4y – 1 = y + 41
3(8)–11= (8 + 5) 4(14)–1 = (14) + x 41
24 – 11= 13 56 – 1= 55
13 = 13 55 = 55

Answer: BA ≅ BC ≅ 13 m Answer: ∠BAD ≅ ∠BCD ≅ 55⁰

What’s More
Now I challenge you to answer the given activities below.

Activity 3: “I Can Prove It”

Directions: Select your answer inside the box and write it on the missing part of the
proof.

Definition of Angle Bisector CPCTC

Isosceles ∆COS with ∠C ≅ ∠S, OI is the perpendicular bisector of CS

CS ∠OCI SO ∆COI

Definition of Perpendicular Bisector 60⁰ 90⁰

Given: Isosceles ∆COS with ∠C ≅ ∠S, OI is the perpendicular bisector of CS

Prove: OI is the angle bisector of ∠COS

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 Statements Reasons

1. __________________________ Given
Base Angle Theorem
2. _______ ≅ ∠ OSI
Definition of Bisector
3. CO ≅ _______
Definition of perpendicular
4. m∠OIC = m∠OIS = ____ bisector
ASA
5. ________ ≅ ∆SOI

6. ∠COI ≅ ∠SOI _____________________________

7. OI is the angle bisector of
∠COS _____________________________

Activity 4: “Complete Me” O

Directions: Complete the following statements.

1. If ∆LOV is an isosceles triangle with ∠L ≅ ∠V, then

_______ ≅ _______.
2. If ∆LOV is an isosceles triangle with OV ≅ OL, then
_______ ≅ _______.
L
3. If the measure of ∠LOV = 74⁰, then the measure of
∠LOE = _________.
4. If LE ≅ EV and LE = 8 m, then LV = ___________. E
5. If ∠LOE = 6x-2 and ∠VOE= 5x+4, then the measure of ∠LOV is ___________ V

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: “I’ll Show What I’ve Learned”

Directions: Follow the procedure. Write your answer inside the box.

The bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the base at its
midpoint.

Procedure:

1. Draw an isosceles ∆ABC.

2. Draw the bisector BE of the vertex ∠B which intersects AC at E.
3. Prove that the two ∆BEA and ∆BEC are congruent.
4. Show that E is the midpoint AC.

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 5. Show BE is perpendicular to AC at E. (Remember that segments are perpendicular
if they form right angles).

Now that you know the important ideas about this topic, let’s go deeper by moving on
the next activity.

What I Can Do
Your goal in this section is to take closer look at some aspects of the topic. Keep in mind
the question: How does knowledge in triangle congruence will help you solve real-life
problems?

Activity 6 “Fly Fly Fly”

In a Mathematics Fair, one of the activities is a symposium in which the delegates

will report on an inquiry about an important concept in Mathematics.

Suppose you are one of the delegates and you are asked to make a report on: How the
concept of triangle congruence is applied in real-life. In making your report be guided by
these tasks.

1. Design at most 5 different paper planes using congruent triangles.

2. Fly the paper planes one at a time. Record the flying time of each plane. Then,
choose the most stable one.

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 3. Point out the factors that affect the stability of the plane.
4. Write your explanation why such principle works.
5. Draw out a conclusion and make recommendation.

Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer on the space
before the number.

______1. Which of the following words will complete the Isosceles Triangle Theorem: “If
two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite these sides are ________?

A. unequal B. different C. opposite D. equal

______2. What line segment forms a 90⁰ angle and goes through the midpoint of the
opposite side?

A. angle B. side C. perpendicular bisector D. angle bisector

A
For items 3-4, use ∆PAM given at the right.

______3. Which line segment is an angle bisector?

A. PA B. LA C. PL D. AM

______4. Which of the following statements below is correct?

A. AM bisects ∠PAL C. AM bisects ∆PAL P L

M
B. ∠PAL bisects AM D. None of these
For items 5-6, use ∆XYZ given the right.

______5. Applying the concepts of triangle congruence, find the

measure of ∠XYW, given that the measure of ∠XYZ = 78°. X

A. 39⁰ C. 64⁰
B. 45⁰ D. 78⁰ W Y

______6. Given the YW bisects ∠XYZ and WZ = 4, find the measure

of WX. Z

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
For 7 and 8, use ∆HGF on the right. F

______7. What is the value of x?

A. 5 C. 8 2x
B. 7 D. 12
H
G 3x-5

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______8. The value of side FG is ____________.

A. 5 B. 10 C. 12 D. 15
O
______9. Is there enough information to conclude that the two
triangles are congruent? If so, what is a correct congruence
statement?
A. Yes, ∆HOS ≅ ∆TOS
B. Yes, ∆HOS ≅ ∆SOT
C. Yes, ∆SOT ≅ ∆HOT
H
D. No, the triangles cannot be proven congruent T
S
______10. Analyze the given proof. Is the proof INCORRECT? If so, find the error and tell
how you would correct the proof.

Given: ∆BSP is an isosceles triangle S

∠B ≅ ∠P, SA bisects ∠BSP
Prove: BS ≅ PS
Statements Reasons
B ≅ ∠P Given
BA bisects ∠BSP Given
∠BSA ≅ ∠PSA Definition of bisector
BA ≅ PA Definition of bisector
P
∆ BSA ≅ ∆PSA AAS theorem B
BS ≅ PS CPCTC A

A. Yes, the error is the statement ∠BSA ≅ ∠PSA it should be ∠BSA ≅ ∠PSB
B. Yes, the error is the reason AAS theorem it should be ASA theorem
C. Yes, the error is the reason of BA ≅ PA it should be reflexive property
D. No, there’s no error in the proof.

E. Additional Activities
At this point, you will be given a practical task which will demonstrate you
understanding of triangle congruence.

Performance Task

Activity 7 “I am An Engineer!”

One of the projects of the City Council for economic development is to connect a
nearby island to the city with the suspension bridge for easy accessibility of the people.
Those from the island can easily deliver their products and those from the city can enjoy
the beautiful scenery and beaches of the island.

Suppose you are the one of the engineers of the DPWH who is commissioned by the
Special Project Committee to present a design/blueprint of a suspension bridge to the
City Council. How would your design/blueprint look like? How would you convince the
City Council that the design is stable and strong? Make a presentation of your answer to
the questions. Your presentation will be evaluated according to its accuracy, practicality,
stability, and mathematical reasoning.
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Refer your work using the given rubric.

Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning

CRITERIA Rating
4 3 2 1
The computations The computations Some The
are accurate and are accurate and computations computations
show wise use of show use of the are erroneous are erroneous
the concepts of concepts of and show use of and do not
Accuracy triangle triangle some concepts of show use of
congruence. congruence. triangle the concepts of
congruence. triangle
congruence.
The design is The design is The design The design
comprehensive and presentable and makes use of the doesn’t use
displays the makes use of the geometric geometric
Creativity
aesthetic aspects of concepts of representations representation
the mathematical geometric but not s and not
concepts learned. representation. presentable. presentable.
The design is stable The design is The design The design
and comprehensive stable, presentable makes use of does not use
and displays the and makes use of triangles, but triangles and
Stability aesthetic aspect of congruent not stable. is not stable.
the principles of triangle.
triangle
congruence.
The explanation is The explanation is The explanation The
clear, exhaustive or clear and is explanation is
thorough, and coherent. It covers understandable incomplete
Mathematical
coherent. It the important but not logical. and
Reasoning
includes concepts. inconsistent.
intersecting facts
and principles.
OVERALL RATING
Reference
Aseron, E. eD. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education-
Intructional Materials Council Secretariat, 2013,343-372
Development Team

Writer: Ma. Kristina A. Caasi

Camanga National High School

Editor/QA: Ressme M. Bulay-og

Eugenio E. Balasabas
Mary Jane I. Yeban

Reviewer: Gina I. Lihao

EPS-Mathematics
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Evelyn F. Importante
Team: OIC-CID Chief EPS

Jerry c. Bokingkito
OIC-Assistant SDS

Aurelio A. Santisas, CESE

OIC- Assistant SDS

Jenelyn A. Aleman, CESO IV

OIC- Schools Division Superintendent
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