Reading & Writing

READING
&
WRITING
MODULE 2
How to play:
You will dance to the music while you also pass the
“cabbage” around the classroom. If the music stops,
the last person holding the cabbage will peel the
cabbage and answer what is asked.
CHECKPOINT
CHECKPOINT
CHECKPOINT
CHECKPOINT
CHECKPOINT
Language Use
Module 2
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
define language use;
identify six characteristics of effective

language; and
evaluate written text based on the
identified characteristics.
Property of a Well-Written Text #3
Language Use
LANGUAGE USE
It refers to the appropriateness of
word/vocabulary usage. Proper
language use enables you, the
writer, to capture the message
that you want to give to your
readers.
Six characteristics of
effective language:
1. concrete and specific
2. concise
3. familiar
4. precise
5. constructive
6. appropriately formal
Concrete and Specific
Language
Concrete language refers to
things that we can experience
directly through our senses.
Specific language refers
directly to particular cases, not
generalizations about many
cases.
Concrete Language
Abstract Concrete
To excel in senior high,
you’ll have to work hard.
Concrete Language
Abstract Concrete
To excel in senior high, To excel in senior high,
you’ll have to work hard. you’ll need to attend
every class; writing key
points of the lesson; and
review your notes for
each class weekly.
Specific Language
General Specific
The student enjoyed Rhea enjoyed Mr.
the class. Gallardo’s 8:00
a.m. EAPP class.
Specific Language
General Specific
Students are
concerned about
their school stuff.
Specific Language
General Specific
Students are Students are
concerned about concerned about
their school stuff. their grades.
Concise Language
It involves using the most appropriate
terms to get one’s point across. Concise
language means using a minimal
amount of effective terms to convey
one’s argument. To make the sentence
more clearly expressed, writers must
avoid unnecessary words in their
sentences.
Example:
Verbose/Wordy Concise
Leah believed but Leah assumed that
could not verify James adored her.
that James had
feelings of
affection for her.
Example:
Verbose/Wordy Concise
My professor My professor
demonstrate some of demonstrated
the ways and methods methods for cutting
for cutting words from words from my essay.
my essay that I had
written for class.
Precise Language
Is the use of exact nouns,
adjectives, verbs to help
produce vivid mental pictures
without resorting to using too
many words to convey
thoughts.
Example:
Imprecise Precise
The sweet aroma of The sweet aroma of
the flowers fill the the sampaguita fill the
room.
room.
Example:
Imprecise Precise
Research is taught Research is taught to
early in university. first-year university
students.
Example:
Imprecise Precise
Entrepreneurs use
professional writing
skills to
communicate with
others.
Example:
Imprecise Precise
Entrepreneurs use Entrepreneurs use
professional writing professional writing
skills to communicate
skills effectively with clients
to communicate with and business
others. partners.
1. The distance between New York City and Los
Angeles is approximately 2,800 miles.
2. The distance between New York City and Los

Angeles is pretty far.
Familiar Language
It refers to words/ terms that
the reader easily recognizes
and understands because they
use them regularly. The
message has a greater effect
when using vocabulary that is
familiar to the reader.
Example:
Unfamiliar Familiar
After our perusal of The data we studied
pertinent data, the show that your
conclusion is that a property is profitable
and in high demand.
lucrative market exists
for the subject
property.
Example:
Unfamiliar Familiar
After our perusal of The data we studied
pertinent data, the show that your
conclusion is that a property is profitable
and in high demand.
lucrative market exists
for the subject
property.
I don’t think you are I appreciate your
capable of hard work on this
completing this task. project.
Constructive Language
The use of constructive
language expresses a
potentially negative in a
positive way, while destructive
language leads the reader to
blame and criticism, causing
defensiveness.
Example:
Destructive Constructive
That’s a terrible idea Your idea is very
that would never creative and could
work. be a great addition
to our proposal.
Example:
It is not my problem.
Example:
It is not my problem. How can I help?
Wazzupp Sir Peralta!
Thankslalu for the thingz you did
for the school! I will cheer you on
hehe
P.S. lolz
Love,
Me
Formality of Language
The formality of the language used should
conform to the formality of the situation and
the relationship between the writer and the
reader.
Wazzupp Sir Peralta!
Thankslalu for the thingz you did
for the school! I will cheer you on
hehe
P.S. lolz
Love,
Me
Example:
Here's a short example to illustrate the
different levels of formality:
Informal: Hey, what’s up? How’s it
going?
Formal: Hello, how are you?
Very Formal:
Good morning/afternoon/evening. How
do you do?
Dear Sir Peralta,
Greetings of peace and prosperity!
On behalf of the students, I would like
to congratulate you to the changes
you have done in our school. We are
all appreciative of what you have
accomplished, and we look forward
to more success.
Sincerely yours,
John
Let’s Recap!
Property of a Well-Written Text
Language Use
Concrete and Specific language

Concise language
Familiar Language
Precise language
Constructive Language
Formality of Language
Take Note!
1. concrete and specific, not abstract and general
2. concise, not verbose
3. familiar, not obscure
4. precise, not ambiguous
5. constructive, not destructive
6. appropriately formal
Let’s Assess!
Generalization
Complete the statements below.
- Today, I learned that

___________________________________.
- I will use the pieces of learning I got today in
_____________________.
ASSIGNMENT
Direction: In a three-column table,
write a very formal, formal, and
informal introduction of yourself.

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READING

define language use;

identify six characteristics of effective

2. The distance between New York City and Los

Concrete and Specific language

- Today, I learned that

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