2nd Demo LP

Mentee: Mark Daryl H. Enomar

Mentor: Maria Donna A. Baya
I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to do the following with at least
75% level of accuracy:
a. Pronounce the words properly;
b. Present a voice recorded reading activity basing on their written outputs; and
c. Value the importance articulating words properly in discourse activities.
II. Subject Matter: Phonology: Contrast and Distinctiveness
Reference: Google (https://bit.ly/30bhzFX), (https://bit.ly/3H1Ih4W),
(https://bit.ly/3H1IjK6)
Materials: Laptop, cellphone, paper and ballpen
III. Procedure: 4A’s Method

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Preliminary Activities
 Prayer
Please turn off your mic for our prayer
…Amen Amen
 Setting the mood / atmosphere
Please brace yourself for we will be going to
another language adventure, keep your snacks
and water close, and settle yourself
comfortably wherever you are now.
 Greetings Good afternoon sir!
Good afternoon class! We are fine, thank you.
How are you today?

 Checking of attendance None sir.

Class monitor, who are absent today?

 Review
Class what was our last lesson? (The students are expected to answer)

 Classroom rules
Class before we begin our lesson, please be
reminded of the following class rules:
 Listen and follow instruction.
 Respect the teacher and other student.
 Click raise a hand and ask your turn to
speak so we can all listen to each
other's views
 If possible, avoid leaving the meeting
except for important personal Yes sir.
necessities.
2nd Demo LP

Am I clear?

A. Activity
Motivation
The teacher will present a sentence containing
redundant words that have different functions. Then,
he will ask students to read the sentence observing
the correct articulation of the highlighted word to
make sense.

I will record your score on my record book.

They refuse to gather all the refuse that scattered on

the kitchen.

I click refresh to refresh the page. No sir

B. Analysis In a noun, the correct placement of the stress

1. Does the redundant word in the sentence should be in the first syllable and in the verb
functions the same? Yes or no. should be in the last syllable.
2. If you were to ask the correct placement
of the stress in a word, where should be The distinct pronunciation signals a
the appropriate placement of it in the contrastive meaning making it function
noun and in the verb? differently.
3. Does the pronunciation of this redundant
word signals another meaning and In doing conversation, the correct use of
function? Why? pronunciation and proper application of an the
4. What is the importance of articulating appropriate intonation and stress are important
the correct pronunciation of a word in a so that others can quickly understand what
conversation? you're trying to say.
Basing this activity, who among you here can guess
our topic for today? I think sir our topic for today is about applying
the correct pronunciation of a specific word in
conveying a message.
Ok Great! Exactly!

C. Abstraction
Class, this afternoon, you will learn the importance
of using the correct pronunciation of a word so that
you will be understood by your listener when
conveying a message.

Contrast and distinctiveness will be our focus for

today’s discussion, please be attentive and do take
notes of the important terms that we will be
discussing so that you will be guided in doing our I think sir these two terms deals on the
activities later on. importance of applying correct and distinctive
2nd Demo LP

language features to signal contrastive

What are these terms? meaning.
Does anyone here have the idea? Would you please
share it to the class?

Ok miss/mr. (name of the student) would you like to

share?

Ok very good, you have the point!.

To understand what this concept all about let’s dig

down and extract information!

Let’s take a look at this Examples:

[phliz]
PLEASE
[phl̥iz]
.
In the English word “please”, we could pronounce it
with an ordinary voiced [l]: [phliz] it would be a
little unnatural but it’s possible. Or, because of the
influenced of our usual pronunciation of this word,
we could devoice that [l] and pronounce it [phl̥ iz].
We’ve got two slightly different sounds here, but one
is voiced and one is voiceless. But if we pronounce
the word [phliz] or [phl̥ iz], it means the same thing.
The voicing difference in this environment is not
meaningful in English and most people never notice
if the [l] is voiced or not.

[fri]
FREE
[friː]

Here’s another example. We could pronounce the

word free with the ordinary high front tense vowel
[i]. Or we could make the vowel extra long, freeeee.
(Notice that we indicate a long sound with this sign
[iː] that looks a bit like a colon.) But this difference
is not meaningful: In English, both [fri] and [friː] are
the same word.

/f/- fan
2nd Demo LP

/v/-van
In the words van and fan, each word begins with
almost the same sound /f/, and /v/. In van, the
fricative (in phonetics, a consonant sound, such as
English f or v, produced by bringing the mouth into
position to block the passage of the airstream, but not
making complete closure, so that air moving through
the mouth generates audible friction) is voiced and in
fan it’s voiceless. In this case, the difference in
voicing is meaningful: it leads to an entirely
different word, and all fluent speakers notice this
difference! Within the mental grammar of English
speakers, the difference between voiced and
voiceless sounds is meaningful in some environments
but not in others.

Note: Sounds that are distinctive in one language will

not necessarily be distinctive in another.
In English there is crucial difference between these
two vowels: [e] and [æ]

as in bad and bed, bag & beg, had & head, ham &
hem, jam & gem, pan & pen, pat & pet, sad &
said, sat & set

But in Turkish this difference in pronunciation is not

distinctive .e.g. The word for /i/ is [Ben] or [Bæn]

Examples of words that have distinct pronunciation

which signals another meaning.

Fato- “fate”
Fatto- “fact”

In Italian, a length difference is meaningful. The

word fato means “fate”. But if I take that alveolar
stop and make it long, the word fatto means a “fact”.
The difference in the length of the stop makes [fatɔ]
and [fatːɔ] two different words.

Conversely, sounds that do not contrast in English

such as long and short vowels, may be distinctive in
another language, like Japanese and Finnish.

[tori] ‘bird’ [tori:] ‘shrine gate’

[tuli] ‘fire’ [tu:li] ‘wind’
2nd Demo LP

Ok great!!!
Let’s go back on our previous activity.
Notice that we are using two the same word that
functions differently in a sentence- as a noun and as
a verb.

RECORD
The noun is pronounced (rekɔːʳd) re-cord The verb
is pronounced (rɪkɔːʳd ) re-cord

REFUSE
As a noun, refuse (pronounced REF-yooss) is food
waste, scraps, or garbage. As a verb, refuse
(pronounced ree-FYOOZ) means to reject. In English, we have to consider the correct
application of distinctive sounds in a word to
REFRESH signal its contrastive meaning, so that our
As a noun, refresh (pronounced RE-fresh). As a listener could understand what we are trying
verb, refresh (pronounced re-FRESH). to convey

The proper application of intonation, stress and

tongue or lips placement in articulating a word are of
high importance as it helps us identify its function in
the sentence which then eventually indicate or
signals another meaning.

See? Now that we are done discussing about these

two important terms, why is it important in English
language to consider the proper use of distinctive
sounds in doing a conversation?

Ok very good!

D. Application
Then let us put that learning into action!

Guided Practice I will sign this contract (noun) today.

I have here set of words that can either be used as a Did he contract (verb) a serious disease?
noun or a verb. All you have to is construct a
sentence utilizing these words that will show its The judge convicted (verb) the convict
different functions in a sentence. Using a close and (noun).
open parenthesis, label that word if it functions as a
verb or a noun. This activity will be submitted using The government will not permit (verb) us to
the Google form that I designed intended only to this start the project without showing them our
activity. I will send you the link and type your building permit (noun).
answers on the space provided by the form, and
submit it after 15 minutes. Make sure that you can This light (noun) is amazing! It lights (verb)
attain the set minutes or else your response will not up the whole house.
2nd Demo LP

be accepted.
Hey Marites, enough with your gossip. And
List of words by the way, you are not a judge (noun) to
 contract judge (verb) me.
 convict
 permit
 light
 judge

Independent Practice
“Read Me”
Utilizing your output on the previous activity,
I want you to do recording while reading your
constructed sentences. Please observe the
correct pronunciation, intonation and
appropriate application of phonological
elements in reading your work. Then attached
it on the Google form link that I send you on
your group chat. This output will be graded
basing on the set criteria. (see the attached
criteria below).
 2nd Demo LP

IV. Evaluation:

Reflective Essay: Write a three-paragraph essay reflecting on our discussion today. Be guide by
the rubric below.

Criteria Levels of performance

5 4 3 2
Content The main idea is The main idea is The main idea is No established main
very well-established. established and the fairly developed. idea; lacks clarity of
Writer takes a clear writer takes somewhat Writer’s position, focus.
position in response clear position in response while
to to the article’s stated in some ways,
the articles’ argumen argument lacks clarity.
Organization Very clear and Effectively structured. Somewhat No attempt at
effectively structured. Transitions are somewhat organized. organization; no
Transitions are smooth and Transitions may not transitions
smoothly and there are some errors be smooth and there used and/or frequent
effectively used. in usage. are some errors in errors in usage
usage.
Mechanics All sentences are Mot sentences are well Mot sentences are Sentences sound
well-constructed and -constructed and have well awkward, are
have varied structures varied structures and -constructed but they distractingly
and lengths; no errors lengths; few errors in have similar repetitive, or are
in spelling, spelling, punctuation, structures difficult to understand
punctuation, capitalization, grammar, and lengths; several numerous errors in
capitalization, etc., but they do errors in spelling, spelling, punctuation,
grammar, etc. not interfere with punctuation, capitalization,
understanding. capitalization, grammar, etc., that
grammar, etc., interfere with
that interfere with understanding.
understanding.

V. Assignment

Do advance reading about phonology focusing on minimal pairs.

Attached Criteria for the Rsssseading

2nd Demo LP

DIMENSION 5 3 1
Pitch Virtually no error, and Some accurate Errors are evidently
the placement of stresses, but there are observed due to its
stress is applied frequent and/or improper application
accurately. repeated errors. of stress in a word.
Diction The student articulates Student is sometimes No clue as to what the
clearly and the words articulating the words, student is reading.
of the sentence are but the text is often Possibly speaking in a
understandable. not discernable. different language.
Pronunciation The words in the Few words in the Majority of the words
sentence are sentence are in the sentence
pronounced correctly mispronounced but mispronounced are
making it very clear still understandable. making it more
and precise to be confusing to
understood. understand.