Subject pronouns NOUN

I
You you/Jose and you
We Luisa and I / My father and I
They Jose and Pedro/ dogs / books/ your parents
She Luisa / My sister / Your mother
He Jose/ your brother / my father
It cat / book /flower/ my last vacation
 The radio/Tv and
Turn on your microphone/camara
Turn off
Can you turn on your microphone, please?
Yes, I can. // No, I can’t.
Can you repeat/ explain again, please?
Can you share your screen?
Can I share my screen? Yes, you can. //No, you can’t.
Teacher/Coach sorry to interrupt you ..
I have a question.
Can I ask you something?
May I ask you a question?
May I ask you something?
How do you say (Ella no me ama) in English?
She doesn’t love you.
How do you spell that ?
N-o-t-e-b-o-o-k. double / triple
Go ahead
May I come in?
Jason , it’s your turn.
-What is the meaning of (Love at the first sight)?

/dʌz/ /miːn/
-What does (vowel) mean?
How do you pronounce that
word/phrase/question/sentence?
I have an emergency I’ll be back in 2 minutes
I have to go to the bathroom I’ll be back in 5 minutes.
May I go to the toilet? May = formal
May I go to the bathroom? Can = Informal
May I go to the restroom? I’ll = I will

My apologies for the delay.

My apologies for being late.

First option/alternative The correct answer is first option

Second option The correct answer is letter “C”
Third option
Fourth option
Last option

A / an (un/ una/ uno ) = Singular

A ( consonsant sound )
An ( vowel sound)
A book /bʊk/
A dog
An umbrella /ʌmˈbrelə/
An apple
A university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/
A useful information /ˈjuːsfl/

Consonant – vowel (sound)

This is an umbrella.
Work out.
Look at it
--------------------------------------------------------------
I love her. Résumé = c.v Here’s my Résumé
I love him. Cut cat
I have a cat. thanks I have a cat. playing
Thanks /θæŋks/ θ æ ŋ

I got it .
Everything is clear.
Everything is under control.
Do you understand it?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
I didn’t understand it.
Can you repeat again, please?

I have a cat. The cat is grey.

/ðə/ ( consonsant sound )
The sun
/ði/ ( vowel sound)
The umbrella
 Subject pronoun (s . p )
s.p verb
I am a doctor.
s.p verb
My sister plays soccer.
s.p verb
We didn’t go to the party yesterday.
Verb s.p
Are you a teacher?
Do you play soccer?
 Possessive adjective (p.a)

p.a noun
My house
My mother washes her face.
Jose has a book . His book is new.
Their names are Jose and Juan.
I have a dog. Its name is Pepucho. He is 4 years old.
My best friend is Lucia. Her husband is from Colombia.
Our soccer team will go to Katar.

Object pronoun
I love you
I love her = I love my mother = I love Pierina.
I love him = I love my father = I love Lenin.
I like pizza = I like it
Do you love me?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
I love my parents = I love them
I love dogs.
I love books.
I don’t know you.
I don’t know her.

Possessive pronoun
That cat is mine but this dog is yours.
Hers.
 His.
Ours.
Theirs.

VERB TO BE ( am / is / are )
Are you a doctor?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
Are you doctors?
Yes, we are.
No, we aren’t.
Is your father a doctor?
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
I am a doctor. (+)
I am not a doctor. (-)
You /they /we are not doctors = aren’t doctors
You are a doctor.
She/he/ is not a doctor.
She isn’t a doctor.
It is a cat.

Greetings
How are you? I’m ok /fine/great/fantastic.. and
you? / what about you?
How is your mother? She’s ok and your mother?
And what about your mother?

How are your parents? They’re fine.

How is your uncle Pedro? He is fantastic.
Your uncle Pedro = he
How is your father? He’s fine.
How are Pedro and Lucia? They’re fine.

How old are you? Age = verb to be = is / are/ am

I am 20 years old = correct
I have 20 years old. =incorrect
I was 20 years old // I will be 20 years old
How old is your mother?
My mother is 50 years old.
She is 50 years old.
How old are your grandparents?
My parents are 80 years old.
They are 80 years old.
My grandmother is 70 years old, and my grandfather is 85
years old.
Where are you from? I am from Peru.
Where is your aunt from? My aunt/She is from Colombia
Where are your grandparents from? They are from
Mexico.

Who is your partner/classmate? My classmate is Carlos.

Nobody else
That’s all = That’s it
Me too.
Singular
Another volunteer
Plural
Other volunteers
Isn’t
My camara /microphone.. is not working.
My camara /microphone.. doesn’t work.
Next one
Introduce
Let me introduce myself, my name is John Villafan.
FORMAL
Let me introduce Jose.
Let me introduce my girlfriend, Lucia.
INFORMAL
This is Jose.
This is my girlfriend, Lucia.

Plural nouns

https://www.grammar.cl/Notes/Plural_Nouns.htm

Plural
I don’t have any brothers.
uncountable
I don’t drink any water.

What’s going on? I’m fine what about you?

What’s up? I’m great
How do you feel? I feel great/ fine/ etc.
How are you ? I’m ok
How is your mother?
My mother is ok what about your mother?
How are your parents?
They are fine.

 I think the correct answer is the letter “” …..

 I believe the correct answer is the letter “” …..
 In my opinion the correct answer is the letter “” …..

By the way
Anyway
Moreover, furthermore, In addition, Besides.
No way
In fact / actually

/ˈdɑːktər/
Is your mother a doctor?
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t. Actually, she is a musician.
No way / absolutely not.
Finally

What is your grandmother’s name?

My grandmother’s name is Pepita.
Her name is Pepita.
The name of my mother = INCORRECT
My mother’s name is Antonia.
Possessive with apostrophe (people and pets)

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/
a1/whose-possessive-s/

’s = de ’ = de
John’s car My aunt’s house is big.
My cat‘s  ears are white. 
What is your sister’s name?

John’s a doctor = John is a doctor.

Luis’s book is big.
Jesus’ book.
Noun
Regulares
Baby – babies
Boy-boys
Student – students
the  students’  books are new.
( regular but in plural)

Irregulars
Child- children
Man- men
The  children’s  toys are old.
(Plural and irregular)

Anna and George’s  car is new.

Pedro , Jose and Jorge’s
mother is Luisa.
Anna’s and George’s  cars are expensive
 the end  of  the street  the street
 a picture  of  the eclipse 
 the man  of  the match 
the leg of the table is broken.

When do we use whose?
 
We use the question word whose to ask
about possession. There are two possible
forms:

whose + noun
 Whose  car is this?
 Whose  books are those? 
whose without a noun 
 Whose  is this car?
 Whose  are those books? 
When we answer with the possessive ‘s,
we can also use ‘s + noun or ‘s without a
noun.
 Whose  is this/that car?
  It’s John‘s car.
 It’s John‘s. 

 Whose  are these/those books? 

 They’re John‘s books.
 They’re John‘s.
 
whose vs who’s = who is
 
Whose = possession (of who)
Who’s = who is
 Whose  car is this? (NOT Who’s car is
this?)
 Who’s  that man in the
lobby?  (NOT Whose that man in the
lobby?)
  Who is that man in the lobby? 


Plural Nouns: Rules and Examples

 https://www.grammarly.com/blog/
plural-nouns/
/ðɪs/
This is a car ( SINGULAR and NEAR )
/ðæt/
That is a car ( SINGULAR AND FAR AWAY)

/ðiːz/
these are cars (PLURAL and Near)
/ðəʊz/
those are cars (PLURAL and far
away)
this car is mine but that car is hers.

PRESENT SIMPLE
Routine- I go running in the park every day.
Habit- My mother takes a shower from Monday to Sunday.
Future (timetable)- The train leaves at 6 tomorrow
morning.
Permanent situations or things that are always or often
true
 I don’t drink coffee.
 She’s very tall.
 I have two brothers.
 Water boils at 100 degrees.
  I like soup.
Affirmative
have
I/ you / they / we play soccer every day/on Sundays.
Has
She/ he/ it plays soccer every day.
Watches
Kisses
Goes
Fixes
 Play- plays
Cry-Cries
Takes
Gets up
Wakes up
Games:
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/14621528/present-
simple-third-person
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/11630179/third-person-
simple-present-challenge

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/18704087/simple-
present-third-person
Spelling rules:
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/centros-tic/
14002984/helvia/aula/archivos/repositorio/1000/1230/
html/present_simple/
3rd_person_singular_present_simple.htm
Negative
I/ you / they / we don’t play soccer every day.
She/ he/ it doesn’t play soccer every day.
Don’t = do not // Doesn’t = does not

Short Questions
Do I/ you / they / we play soccer every day?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
Does She/ he/ it play soccer every day?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.

Do () homework // karate // aerobics // yoga //exercise

Does your sister do her homework? Yes, she does //No, she doesn´t.
Do you do your homework? Yes, I do // No, I don’t.
I do my homework.
My sister does her homework.
My sister doesn’t do her homework.
Do karate // aerobics // yoga
Does your brother do karate ? Yes, he does //No, he doesn´t.
Do you do karate? Yes, I do // No, I don’t.
I do karate.
My sister does karate.
My sister doesn’t do karate.

My mother does yoga once a week / month/ day.

Twice a week / month/ day.
 Three times a week / month/ day.

Play basketball// volleyball// football ( soccer) // baseball

Play the guitar// piano // etc

Exercises and grammar:

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/present-
simple/
 WH- PRESENT SIMPLE
Does your mother live in New York?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.

Where does your mother live?

She lives in Trujillo.
My mother lives in Cusco.
What do you do? = What is your occupation?
What do you do for a living?
I work as an English teacher. // I’m an English teacher.

My sister is like an angel.

What does your mother do?

What does your mother do for a living?
She works as a waitress. // She’s a waitress.

on Mondays morning?
What do you do after/before school/university/…?
In my case I go to the supermarket to help my mother
after/before school/university.
I play video games with my cousins after/before
school/university.
 uncountable
How much water do you drink per day?
I drink ten glasses of water per day.
How much do you usually pay to buy jackets?
I usually pay 26.86 soles to buy jackets.

Countable(plural)
How many girlfriends do you have? // have you got?
I have a girlfriend. / I have got a girlfriend.
I have five girlfriends.
I don’t have any girlfriends.

Do you have a brother?

Yes, I do. // No, I don’t.

Plural/uncountable
Do you have any brothers?
Yes, I do. // No, I don’t.
How does your mother go/get to supermarket?
My mother goes/gets to supermarket by taxi/ motorbike /
bike/ train / bus / horse.
My mother goes to supermarket on foot.

When do you play tennis?

I play tennis on Mondays// on Mondays morning.
How often do you watch tv?
I watch tv once a week / month/ day/year
Twice a week / month/ day.
Three times a week / month/ day/year

I always//sometimes// never //…. watch tv.

I don’t watch tv // I never watch TV.
Adverbs of frequency
AFFIRMATIVE
SUBJECT(Noun) - Adverbs of frequency- VERB –
COMPLEMENT

My mother usually prepares ceviche on/at the weekends.

NEGATIVE
SUBJECT(Noun) don’t /doesn’t - Adverbs of frequency-
VERB – COMPLEMENT
SOMETIMES//USUALLY// ALWAYS/OFTEN
My mother doesn’t usually prepare ceviche on/at the
weekends.
NEVER /HARDLY EVER/ RARELY (double negative)
Correct
My mother never prepares ceviche on/at the weekends.
My mother doesn’t prepare ceviche on/at the weekends.
Incorrect
My mother doesn’t never prepare ceviche on/at the
weekends.

QUESTIONS
WH – DO/DOES- SUBJECT(Noun) Adverbs of frequency -
VERB-COMPLEMENT ?

What time do you usually wake up in the morning?

I usually wake up at ……

Every day/morning/ afternoon/night/summer

Every day I play soccer.
I play soccer every day.
Once a week / day/ month / year
Twice a week / day/ month / year
Three times a week / day/ month / year
How often do you play soccer?
I usually play soccer twice a week.

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/adverbs-
frequency/

Who does your sister live with?

My sister lives with her husband.
My sister lives alone.
What does your mother prepare on Sundays?
My mother prepares ceviche on Sundays.
Why do you study English?
I study English because I want to travel abroad.
Because I want to travel abroad.
What time does your teacher wake up?
My teacher wakes up at twenty eight to nine in the
morning.
What is the time? = What time is it?
7:00 = It’s seven o’clock.

INFORMAL :

2:26 = It’s two twenty six.

4:57= It’s four fifty seven.
FORMAL:
30 = half
15-45 = (a) quarter

1’’-30’’----- past ( pasadas)

6:17 = It’s seventeen past six.

3:30= It’s half past three.
9:15= It’s a quarter past nine

31’’-59’’ -----to ( para las )

6:55 = It’s five to seven.
9:45= It’s a quarter to ten.
11:48= It’s twelve to twelve.
6:58= It’s two to seven

American British
Doesn’t have = hasn’t
Don’t have = haven’t

Where do Juan and you live?

Juan and I live in L.A.

They don't live in L.A.

I don't know him/her.

Indirect question:
https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/
indirect_questions.htm#:~:text=An%20indirect
%20question%20is%20a,i.e.%2C%20an%20interrogative
%20sentence

I don't know where she lives.

as
I work as an English teacher.

like
My girlfriend is like an angel.

PRESENT COUNTINOUS

Affirmative

Affirmative
subject – verb to be ( am/ is / are) verb – ing -
complement
I am playing soccer now.
Negative
I am not playing soccer now.

Questions
Are you playing soccer now?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
What are you doing now?
I am learning English.

DO homework / karate / yoga/ aerobics

I do my homework.
I don’t do my homework.
My mother does her homework.
My mother doesn’t do her homework.
My aunt does aerobics once a week.
Wh – auxiliary /modal- subject (noun) – verb - complement?
Modal auxiliary
Can Do/ Does he ( your brother) Present Simple
Could Is/ are/ am verb – ing Present
Continuous
Should Did Past tense // Past
simple
Might will Future will
Is/ are/ am going to Future with going
to
Have past participle of verb present
perfect
What’s going on? I’m fine / I’m ok
What’s up I’m fine / I’m ok
How are you? I’m fine / I’m ok
How do you feel today? I feel good.

How is your sister? She is fine.

What is your name?
Apostrophe
Possession (people and pets )
’s = de ‘ = de
John’s house
What is your mother’s name?
My mother’s name is Antonia.
Her name is Antonia.
Yes teacher I got it
Yes teacher , I understand.
I have to go the bathroom that's why
I have to bring my notebook that's why
I have an emergency that's why
I have to do something very important that's why

I'll be back in 1 minute.

I won’t

Won’t = will not

My best friend is my dog. its Name is roco. his Favorite thing is his
ball .
My best friend is Jose. his friends are very kind.

She loves me.

Do you love me?

I love Julia
I love her.

Two books
Water
Oil
3 Bottles of water
3 glasses of water

Consonant – vowel

This is an umbrella.
Look at it
Work out
I work as an waiter.

University
A University
An ( vowel)
A ( consonant)

Regular noun
A book-- books
An apple—apples
Irregular noun
Child- children
quantifiers
Much – uncountable nouns
Questions
How much water can you drink in a day?
I can drink four bottles of water in a day.

Negatives
I don't have much money with me.
Many – plural countable
Questions
How many children do you have? // How many cats do you have?
affirmative
There are too many mistakes in this essay.
Negative
We don't have very many copies left.

A lot of (also informal lots of) plural countable - uncountable

Affirmative
A lot of people are coming to the meeting.
black coffee with lots of sugar.
questions.
Do you eat a lot of sugar?
negative sentences
I don’t read a lot of books.

Few / A few - plural countable

affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences to talk about small

quantity.

I need a few things from the store.

Very few students learn Latin now.
Few people understand the difference.

Little – a little - uncountable nouns

affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences to talk about small
quantity.
Julia ate a little rice, she wasn't very hungry.

Some - plural countable - uncountable

Affirmative
  There are some dogs in my house.
 There is some milk in the fridge.

Questions
 Would you like some tea?--- offering Something
 Can I have some more cake, please?-- Requesting
Something
Any - plural countable - uncountable
Negative
She hasn’t got any sisters. // She doesn’t have any sisters.
British American
  There isn’t any milk in the fridge.
 There aren’t any pets in my house.

Questions
Do you have any siblings?
Is there any wine in your fridge / refrigerator?
Is there any time to go shopping?
IMPERATIVE
let's + infinitive
let's not + infinitive.

infinitive
don't + infinitive/ do not + infinitive

Can = verb to be ( are / is / am ) – able to

I can run fast.

I am able to run fast.
She can cook delicious.
She is able to cook delicious.

Can you dance salsa? Yes, I can/No, I

can’t.
Are you able to dance salsa?
Yes, I am / No, I am not.
My mother can’t cook ceviche.
My mother isn’t able to cook ceviche.
He can write a poem.
My father is able to write a poem.
Can your father write a poem?
Is your father able to write a poem?
My father can’t write a poem.
My father isn’t able to write a poem.
They can’t swim on the beach.
They can not swim on the beach.
They cannot swim on the beach.
They aren’t able to swim on the beach.
Can your sister go the supermarket on
Monday?
Yes, she can.
No, she can’t.
Can your brothers go the supermarket on
Monday?
Yes, they can.
No, they can’t.
Is your sister able to go the supermarket
on Monday?
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t.
Are your brothers able to go the
supermarket on Monday?
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t
When can I visit you?
You can visit me on Sunday.

Where can I park my car?

You can park your car here.
Who can Jim come to the concert with?
Jim can come to the concert with us.

What time can she meet you?

She can meet you at 7.
What can you use this app for?

You can use this app to view documents.

1-30 -- PAST-- (PASADAS)

3:10 IT'S TEN PAST THREE

9:15 IT'S A QUARTER PAST NINE
11:30 IT'S HALF PAST ELEVEN
31-59 -- TO -- (PARA LAS )
8:32 IT'S TWENTY EIGHT TO NINE
11:45 IT'S A QUARTER TO TWELVE

Subject questions, questions with preposition

I informed John about the meeting.
object question
Question word + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb.
Who did you inform about the meeting?
QUESTIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS About/from/with/at/in/for..
He is writing from Paris.
-we put the preposition at the end
Question word + Auxiliary verb + Subject – verb – PREPOSITION?
Where is he writing from?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
My manager informed John about the meeting.
subject question
Question word + Subject.
Who informed John about the meeting?