Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB

A Report
On
Skill Based Mini Project
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
Aditya Mahore (0901EE201012)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Himmat Singh

Prof. Rakesh Narvey
Er. R. P. Gupta
Department of Electrical Engineering

April, 2023
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE,
GWALIOR (M.P.) - 474005

i
 Department of Electrical Engineering

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Skill based mini project entitled Transmission line protection in
SIMULINK MATLAB, submitted by Aditya Mahore, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electrical Engineering to MITS is a record of bonafide work carried out by
Aditya Mahore.

Place: MITS Gwalior

Date: 22.04.2023

Submitted By: Aditya Mahore

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, who has been supportive of
my project and career goals and who worked actively to provide us with the
valuable academic time to pursue these goals. I am grateful to all of those with
whom I have had the pleasure to work with during this project. Each of the
members of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering provided me with extensive
personal and professional guidance and taught me a huge deal about both scientific
research and life in general. This work would not have happened without the
academic support of the Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior.

iii
 Executive Summary

The Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB project aims to model and
simulate transmission line protection schemes using the SimPowerSystems toolbox in
MATLAB/SIMULINK. The project focuses on modeling distance relay protection
schemes, which are commonly used for detecting and isolating faults in transmission
lines. The project involves modeling the transmission line and the protection scheme
using the Distance Relay block provided in the SimPowerSystems toolbox and
simulating the system under different fault conditions to evaluate the performance of the
protection scheme. The project aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of
transmission line protection schemes and their impact on the stability and reliability of
power systems.

1
 Table of Contents

Content Page no.

Declaration ii
Acknowledgements iii
Executive Summary iv
Table of contents v

1. Introduction 1
1.1. Objective and Focused problem----------------------------------------------1
1.2. Motivation 2
1.3. Background/Literature Review-----------------------------------------------2
2. Project description and Goals 3
3. Technical Specification 4
4. Design approach and Details 5
5. Project Demonstration 6
6. Summary-----------------------------------------------------------------------9
7. References----------------------------------------------------------------------10

i
v
1. Introduction
The protection of transmission lines is crucial for ensuring the stability and reliability of
power systems. Faults in transmission lines can result in power outages, equipment
damage, and even endanger public safety. Therefore, it is essential to have effective
protection schemes in place to detect and isolate faults in a timely manner.
MATLAB/SIMULINK is a widely used tool for modeling and simulating power
systems, and it provides various options for modeling transmission line protection
schemes. In this context, the Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB
project aims to model and simulate transmission line protection schemes using the
SimPowerSystems toolbox in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
.

1.1 Objective and Focused problem

Objective:

The objective of the Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB project is to

model and simulate distance relay protection schemes for transmission lines using the
SimPowerSystems toolbox in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Focused Problem:

The project aims to address the need for effective transmission line protection by
evaluating the performance of distance relay protection schemes under different fault
conditions.

-1
1.2 Motivation
The motivation behind the Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB
project is to enhance the reliability and stability of power systems by developing
effective transmission line protection schemes. Faults in transmission lines can have
severe consequences, and timely detection and isolation are crucial for preventing
power outages, equipment damage, and ensuring public safety. By modeling and
simulating distance relay protection schemes using MATLAB/SIMULINK, the project
aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of transmission line protection schemes
and their impact on the overall performance of power systems.

1.3 Background/Literature Review

Transmission line protection is an essential aspect of power system protection that has
been extensively studied in the literature. Various protection schemes have been
proposed and developed over the years, with the distance relay protection scheme being
one of the most commonly used schemes for transmission lines. The distance relay
measures the impedance of the transmission line and compares it with a predetermined
impedance setting to determine whether a fault has occurred on the line. However, the
performance of distance relay protection schemes can be affected by various factors,
such as fault resistance, line length, and fault location. Therefore, there is a need for
effective modeling and simulation tools to evaluate the performance of transmission line
protection schemes under different fault conditions. MATLAB/SIMULINK is a widely
used tool for power system simulation and provides various options for modeling and
simulating transmission line protection schemes. The SimPowerSystems toolbox
provides a range of blocks and tools for modeling distance relay protection schemes,
which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of protection schemes and optimize
their performance. In summary, the literature has extensively studied transmission line
protection, and the Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB project aims
to contribute to this field by modeling and simulating distance relay protection schemes

-2
using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

-3
2. Project description and Goals
Project Description:

The Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB project aims to model and
simulate distance relay protection schemes for transmission lines using the
SimPowerSystems toolbox in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The project will involve
modeling the transmission line and the protection scheme using the Distance Relay
block provided in the SimPowerSystems toolbox and simulating the system under
different fault conditions. The project will evaluate the performance of the protection
scheme in detecting and isolating faults and analyze the fault data to optimize the
performance of the protection scheme.

Project Goals:

To model and simulate distance relay protection schemes for transmission lines using
the SimPowerSystems toolbox in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
To evaluate the performance of the protection scheme in detecting and isolating faults
under different fault conditions.
To analyze the fault data and optimize the performance of the protection scheme.
To contribute to the field of transmission line protection by providing insights into the
effectiveness of distance relay protection schemes.
To enhance the reliability and stability of power systems by developing effective
transmission line protection schemes.

-4
3. Technical Specification
The Transmission line protection in SIMULINK MATLAB project will use the
SimPowerSystems toolbox in MATLAB/SIMULINK to model and simulate distance
relay protection schemes for transmission lines. The technical specifications of the
project are as follows:

 Generator Block: The generator block generates a sinusoidal voltage waveform

with a frequency of 60 Hz and an amplitude of 1 pu. The generator is
connected to a transformer block with a turns ratio of 4:1.
 Transformer Block: The transformer block steps up the voltage level of the
generated voltage by a factor of 4. The transformer has a leakage inductance of
0.05 pu.
 Transmission Line Block: The transmission line block has a resistance of 0.05
pu, an inductance of 1 pu, and a capacitance of 0.1 pu. The transmission line has
a length of 300 km and a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
 Load Block: The load block has a constant impedance of 0.8 pu and is connected
to the transmission line through a series impedance of 0.1 pu.
 Simulation Time: The simulation time is set to 2 seconds.
 Simulation Parameters: The simulation parameters are set to a fixed step size of
1e-5 seconds and a solver type of ode4.
 Protection Scheme: The protection scheme used in the simulation is an
overcurrent protection scheme with a trip time of 0.05 seconds and a
pickup current of 1.5 pu.
 Frequency Response Analysis: The frequency response of the power system is
analyzed using the Spectrum Analyzer block with a frequency range of 0-100 Hz
and a sampling frequency of 1 kHz.

-5
4. Design approach and Details

The design and approach details of the power system simulation are as follows:

Power System Modeling: The power system is modeled using the SimPowerSystems
toolbox in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The generator, transformer, transmission line, and
load are represented by blocks with appropriate parameters such as resistance,
inductance, and capacitance.

Block Configuration: The properties of each block are configured according to the
specifications of the power system being simulated. For example, the generator block is
configured to generate a sinusoidal voltage waveform with a specific frequency and
amplitude.

Block Connection: The blocks are connected to form a complete power system model.
The output of the generator block is connected to the input of the transformer block, and
the output of the transformer block is connected to the input of the transmission line
block. The output of the transmission line block is connected to the input of the load
block.

Simulation: The power system model is simulated under normal operating conditions,
and the simulation results are visualized using the Scope block. The simulation results
are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the power system.

Fault Simulation: The power system model is also simulated under fault conditions
such as short circuit, and the simulation results are analyzed to determine the
effectiveness of the protection scheme.

Performance Optimization: The properties of the blocks are adjusted to optimize the
performance of the power system under normal and fault conditions. For example, the
parameters of the generator block are adjusted to improve the voltage regulation of the
power system.

-6
5. Project Demonstration

-7
-8
-9
6. Summary

The simulation includes modeling of the generator, transformer, transmission line, load,
and protection scheme blocks. The simulation is performed under normal operating
conditions, and fault conditions are also simulated to test the protection scheme. The
performance of the power system is optimized by adjusting the parameters of the
blocks, and the frequency response of the power system is analyzed using the Spectrum
Analyzer block. The technical specifications of the power system simulation are
detailed, and the methodology used to simulate and analyze the power system is
systematic and well- organized. Overall, this video provides a good introduction to
power system simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK and can serve as a starting point
for more complex power system simulations.

-
7. References

 Protection Transformer and Transmission Line in Power System Based on

MATLAB Simulink
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359894152_Protection_Transformer_
and_Transmission_Line_in_Power_System_Based_on_MATLAB_Simulink

 Distance Relay Protection in AC Microgrid

https://www.mathworks.com/help/sps/ug/relay-distance-protection.html

 Distance Protection Relay

https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/112610-distance-
protection-relay?s_tid=FX_rc1_behav

 Youtube
www.youtube.com