DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Developmental Psychology  Comprehensive Exam C. I, II, and IV are correct

Prepared by: Ma. Daniela Anne Samaniego-Tividad, MA, RPm, D. I and II are correct
RPsy
8. Let’s say Luis, an infant, was provided with all of his
1. Paul was known to be extremely shy as a kid. Surprisingly, he physiological needs. He never experienced being starved nor any
grew to love performing in front of people and is now a theater amount of distress as ensured by his parents. As a follower of
actor. Which component of life-span perspective was evident in Erikson, you may predict that Luis will:
this case? A. Develop the basic strength of Hope.
A. Development is contextual. B. Experience withdrawal as he grows.
B. Development is multidimensional. C. Have a healthy balance between his ability to trust and mistrust
C. Development is plastic. others.
D. Development involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss. D. Most likely be subjected to sensory-distortion.

2. Students who experienced online classes for 2 years during 9. Which of the following cognitive milestone indicates that the
the height of CoViD-19 have reported to be more vulnerable to child is now in Pre-operational stage of development according
mental health problems and inclined to have lower emotional to Piaget?
capacity than other generation of learners. This is an example of A. Object-permanence
___________ influence. B. Conservation principle
A. Normative age-graded C. Either A or B
B. Normative history-graded D. Neither A nor B
C. Non-Normative life events
D. Non-Normative environment 10. Which of the following is least likely belonging to the group?
A. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
3. Which of the following ages are thought to be one’s prime age B. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
years? C. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive Theory
A. First age C. Third age D. Miller’s Information Processing Theory
B. Second age D. Fourth age
11. Whose theory stresses ethological factors in development
4. Aries, 83, became more and more forgetful lately. He also more than the other theories?
started to be more irritated easily and exhibits bouts of anger- A. John Bowlby
management difficulties. Aries is said to be experiencing: B. Konrad Lorenz
A. Normal aging C. Urie Bronfenbrenner
B. Pathological aging D. More than one from the above options
C. Successful aging
D. Both A and C 12. Based from Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, non-
normative life events like divorce, loss of a loved one, etc. fall
5. Which is not true about the concepts of ‘Stability’ and ‘Change’ under which of the following environmental systems?
in developmental psychology? A. Macrosystem
A. Psychoanalytic theorists like Freud, Horney, Klein, and Erikson are B. Exosystem
most likely advocates of stability in development. C. Chronosystem
B. Developmentalists who emphasize change in development hold an D. Mesosystem
optimistic view of human development.
C. ‘Stability’ in one’s development is a result of early experiences in 13. Having knowledge of genetic principles in human
life. development, can two brown-eyed parents have a blue-eyed
D. ‘Change’ in one’s development is a result of heredity. child? Choose the best answer.
A. No, because having 2 parents with brown eyes shall produce a
6. Which of the following pairings is correct? brown-eyed offspring.
A. Discontinuous development: Quantitative changes B. Yes, given that each parent has a dominant gene for brown eye and
B. Continuous development: Qualitative changes a recessive gene for blue eye.
C. Continuous development: Cumulative changes C. Maybe, it’s a matter of which feature will manifest during fertilization.
D. Discontinuous development: Gradual changes D. Yes, since it’s the iris part of the eye that will determine its color.

7. (I.) Erikson has a more elaborated perspective to psychosexual 14. This chromosomal disorder in males includes having an extra
stages of development than Freud. X chromosome and is usually manifested physically as having
(II.) While Freud focused on biological influences to personality, undeveloped testes and enlarged breasts.
Erikson emphasized social influences. A. Fragile X syndrome
(III.) As per Erikson, failure to succeed from the conflict in the B. Klinefelter syndrome
early stages results to maladaptive personality development. C. Turner syndrome
(IV.) Syntonic and dystonic elements are both crucial to one’s D. XYY syndrome
development.
A. I, II, and III are correct
B. I, II, III, and IV are correct

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 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
15. _________ is a prenatal medical procedure in which a small 23. Infants tend to use their whole hands before being able to
portion of the placenta is removed to test for genetic defects and control their fingers. This motor development coincides with:
chromosomal abnormalities. A. Cephalocaudal pattern
A. Amniocentesis B. Proximodistal pattern
B. Maternal blood screening C. Either A or B
C. Chorionic villus sampling D. Neither A nor B
D. Sonography
24. Which of the following statements is true?
16. Arian’s parent are both doctors and when he was growing up, A. Infants who lose weight for the first several days after birth are more
he was often gifted by his parents toys and books related to vulnerable to illnesses.
medicine and science. Later on, Arian became interested in B. Infants’ dramatic physical growth is gradual and stable.
studying medicine as his career. Which type of gene-environment C. The rate of growth among infants slows down by the second year.
correlation model was demonstrated? D. All of the above.
A. Active genotype-environment correlations
B. Passive genotype-environment correlations 25. Your elder sister recently gave birth to your niece and decided
C. Evocative genotype-environment correlations to do bed-sharing with her daughter during sleep. Having
D. Niche-Picking genotype-environment correlations background about the risks for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,
what would you recommend to your sister?
17. Organogenesis takes place at which period of pre-natal A. Advice her to do bed-sharing in order to closely monitor her child
development? during sleep for any irregularities.
A. Germinal C. Second trimester B. Bed-sharing is a good idea so as to practice ‘Kangaroo’ care which
B. Fetal D. Embryonic may decrease the chance of SIDS.
C. Disagree with it as bed-sharing increases sleep-related problems
18. _________ provides support and nutrition to the embryo and deaths including SIDS.
during pre-natal development. D. Encourage it so as to make breastfeeding more convenient for both
A. Amnion the mother and the baby.
B. Placenta
C. Umbilical cord 26. Which of the following is not an advantage of bottle-feeding
D. Trophoblast for infants?
A. Formula milk is digested quickly.
19. Endoderm: Surface parts B. Other people may help in feeding the infant.
Ectoderm: Internal parts C. Convenient and flexible.
A. Both statements are correct. D. None of the above.
B. Both statements are incorrect.
C. Only the first statement is correct. 27. Which of the following milestones in gross motor
D. Only the second statement is correct. development is least likely correct?
A. 2 – 4.8 months: Rolling over
20. Which birth defect usually results into paralysis of the lower B. 5 – 10 months: Stand with support
limbs that would need assistive devices such as crutches, C. 4.8 – 7.9 months: Sit without support
braces, or wheelchairs? D. 6 – 10 months: Stand alone
A. Spina bifida
B. Anencephaly 28. Baby Joe deliberately throws and rolls his ball to different
C. Teratogen angles to see how far it can reach. This reflects which sub-stage
D. Poliomyelitis of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of development?
A. Primary circular reactions
21. Which of the following statements is not true? B. Secondary circular reactions
A. Lamaze method aims to help women focus on controlling their pain C. Tertiary circular reactions
during childbirth. D. Internalization
B. Bradley method of childbirth is achieved through deep breathing
and relaxation techniques, with the aid of a partner or labor coach. 29. “Ma”, “pa”, and “da” are examples of ______, an important
C. Lamaze and Bradley method are both natural methods of childbirth. aspect of infant’s language development that begins on the 6th
D. None of the above. month.
A. Holophrases
22. This newborn assessment evaluates an infant’s heart rate, B. Babbling
respiratory effort, muscle tone, body color, and reflex irritability C. Cooing
few minutes after birth. D. Gurgling
A. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
B. Ballard Examination for Gestational Age 30. According to Bowlby’s attachment theory, during this phase,
C. Bayley Scales of Infant Development attachment becomes focused on one figure, as the baby
D. APGAR scale gradually learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar.
A. Phase 1 C. Phase 3
B. Phase 2 D. Phase 4

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 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
31. What is the leading cause of death among young children? D. Rejected
A. Cancer
B. Cardio-vascular diseases 40. Which is false about adolescents?
C. Accident A. Preoccupation with one’s body image is strong during adolescence.
D. Malnutrition B. Increased ability for reasoning and self-regulation among
adolescents can be explained by the thickening of corpus callosum.
32. Sam, told her father that the table hurt her, after bumping onto C. Their pubertal growth spurt begins at an average age of 9 years for
it. This is an example of: girls and 11 for boys
A. Animism D. None of the above.
B. Object-permanence
C. Centration 41. “No one ever understands me. I must be the most unlucky
D. Principle of conservation teen ever to be in this kind of life.”, said by 15-year-old Ally. Which
component of adult egocentrism is shown by Ally?
33. This requires changing the level of support given to a child to A. Imaginary audience
maximize learning. B. Personal fable
A. Orienting process C. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
B. Scaffolding D. Narcissism
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B 42. Erikson’s own story during his youth wherein he wandered
before committing himself to a career is an example of which
34. Coleen was careful not to disobey her parents because she process of identity formation?
believes that disobedient children get spanked. This exhibits A. Identity moratorium
which type of morality according to Piaget? B. Identity foreclosure
A. Autonomous morality C. Identity diffusion
B. Pre-conventional morality D. Identity achievement
C. Heteronomous morality
D. Conventional morality 43. Which of the following incorrectly describes an emerging
adult?
35. At what stage does gender identity starts to takes place? A. They are characterized by experimentation and exploration.
A. Infancy B. They are likely to experience instability due to transitioning from
B. Early childhood adolescence to adulthood.
C. Middle-late childhood C. They are often considered as the ‘sandwich generation’.
D. Adolescence D. Emerging adults tend to have great deal of autonomy and be self-
focused individuals.
36. This refers to a process in which areas of the brain that are
not being used lose synaptic connections and areas that are used 44. Who among the following does not reflect post-formal
show increased connections. thought?
A. Myelination A. Arc believes that his authoritarian style towards his students will not
B. Neurogenesis be the best strategy to employ to his own children in instilling discipline.
C. Synaptic pruning B. Ann resigned immediately from her work when she realized that she
D. Neural migration is no longer happy and fulfilled in what she does.
C. Marie decided to consult with her colleagues in handling her patient
37. Arranging objects from the smallest to the largest one is an as she becomes aware that she is developing counter-transference.
example of which concrete operations? D. Rhian never lets her guard down even after successfully solving a
A. Transitivity problem in her business and would anticipate worst-case scenario.
B. Seriation
C. Classification 45. Dan, after his divorce, became a womanizer as he would like
D. Identity to enjoy once again being single. Soon, he became disappointed
to himself and decided to find a new, long-term partner. Which
38. The following are criteria that characterize gifted children as pathways after divorce did Dan went through?
per Winner (1996) except: A. The Libertines
A. Has genetic disposition to be gifted B. The Defeated
B. Precocity C. The Seekers
C. Marching to their own drummer D. The Enhancers
D. Has passion to master
46.
39. Ella is quite popular to her circle of acquaintances and loved I. Male menopause is a myth.
by many of them but at the same time, is being disliked by II. Climacteric refers to the decline of one’s fertility.
several. Which peer status does Ella belong to? III. Andropause results to a man’s inability to produce offspring.
A. Popular IV. Menopause is the cessation of a woman’s menstrual periods.
B. Neglected A. All statements are correct.
C. Controversial B. Only statements II, III, and IV are correct.

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 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
C. Only statements II and IV are correct. Developmental Psychology  Comprehensive Exam
D. Only statements I and III are correct. Prepared by: Patrick Gutierrez, RPm, RPsy

47. Which of the following is not a common physical change 1. How would Gesell most likely feel about things like trying to
among middle adults? teach infants to read using flash cards?
A. Their height decreases while their weight increases. a. He’d support it because he thought the brain was most receptive to
B. They experience joint stiffness and more difficulty in movement. new information in infancy
C. They tend to get longer and more well-rested sleeps at night. b. He’d support it because he believed in pushing infants and young
D. None of the above. children to achieve milestones as early as possible
c. He’d disapprove of it because he thought it best to wait until
48. Which is not included in the types of generativity among children’s nervous systems had sufficiently matured and not try to
middle adults as proposed by Erikson? teach them things ahead of schedule
A. Biological generativity d. He’d disapprove of it because he didn’t think children needed formal
B. Parental generativity instruction in reading
C. Work generativity
D. Social generativity 2. ___________ results when an extra X chromosome is present
in the cells of a male and the resulting zygote has an XXY
49. The life span of human beings is about _______ years of age. composition.
A. 100 to 110 a. Klinefelter syndrome c. Mosaicism
B. 120 to 125 b. Gonadal dysgenesis d. Turner syndrome
C. 79 to 83
D. 90 t0 105 3. Which of the following statements about postformal thought is
FALSE?
50. Which is not an example of restoration-oriented stressor a. Formal operational thought is influenced by experience and
based on the dual-process model of coping with bereavement? education
A. Assuming the role of the deceased person. b. People who can reason abstractly in one area may not be able to
B. Updating one’s civil status from ‘married’ to ‘widowed’. do it in other areas
C. Knowing that the death is a way to free the person from suffering. c. Everyone develops the ability to reason abstractly
D. Learning tasks that are usually performed by the deceased person. d. Abstract reasoning in a particular field requires a knowledge base
that we might not have in all areas

4. Bai is in a relationship but does not fully trust her partner and
thus does not share her dreams, goals, and fears with them. In
Bartholomew’s description of adult attachment styles, Bai would
be classified as:
a. Secure c. Fearful-avoidant
b. Preoccupied d. Dismissing-avoidant

5._________ is caused by enzyme deficiency resulting in the

accumulation of lipids in the nerve cells of the brain. This
accumulation results in progressive damage to the cells, a
decrease in cognitive and physical development, and early death.
a. Achondroplasia
b. Tay-Sachs disease
c. Huntington’s disease
d. Phenylketonuria

6. Adults with secure attachment styles tend to attract romantic

partners who also have secure attachment styles. Which of the
following explanations for this tendency has the most research
support?
a. Secure people are more likely to be attracted to other secure people
b. Secure people are likely to create security in their partners over time
c. People’s attachment styles mutually shape one another
d. People with insecure attachment styles find their needs unmet with
secure people

7. Most of the cells in the human body are created by the process
of:
a. Mitosis c. Incomplete dominance
b. Meiosis d. Eukaryogenesis

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 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
8. Josh’s parents really enjoy music and are talented at it, so they 15. Which of the following is true?
expose Josh to a lot of music in hopes that he turns out the same I. Being an older parent is associated with more medical risks,
way. This is an example of a(n) ___________ genotype- but there are also possible positive consequences, such as
environment correlation. increased stability and better income.
a. Active II. Both mothers under age 15 and over age 35 are at increased
b. Passive risk of having premature babies.
c. Evocative III. All women should gain the same amount of weight during
d. Epigenetic pregnancy, regardless of their pre-pregnancy weight.
IV. Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy will be
9. Presbycusis is: permanently diabetic after giving birth.
a. A ringing, hissing, or roaring sound in the ears a. I and II
b. The experience of dizziness caused by fluid problems in the inner b. III and IV
ear c. II and III
c. A common form of hearing loss in late adulthood that results in a d. I and IV
gradual loss of hearing
d. An injury to the ear caused by changes in air or water pressure 16. The _________ reflex involves the toes fanning out and
curling when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe.
10. Larry has a strong attraction to Renee and wants to be in a a. Babinski c. Tonic neck
committed relationship with her despite not knowing her well, so b. Moro d. Rooting
his commitment is premature. Which of Sternberg’s types of love
does this most closely correspond to? 17. All of the following accurately describe why Reflexes are
a. Fatuous love useful. Which one is not?
b. Romantic love a. Offer pediatricians insight into the maturation and health of the
c. Infatuation nervous system
d. Consummate love b. Are important to feeding (such as the rooting and sucking reflexes)
c. Are primitive forms of voluntary behaviors (such as grasping and
11. By ________ weeks gestational age, all of the fetus’s organ stepping)
systems are developed enough that it could survive outside the d. All reflexes are transformed into voluntary movements in later
mother’s uterus without many of the risks associated with maturation.
premature birth.
a. 9 18. In the Apgar assessment of newborn, the P stands for:
b. 24 a. Proprioception
c. 37 b. Pulse
d. 40 c. Position
d. Pregnancy
12. Rahul has a basic understanding that objects can be used as
symbols and can solve problems using mental strategies, 19. Carmen has a dog at home and so is familiar with what a dog
remember and repeat something heard days before, and engage is. She sees a bear for the first time and says “Doggie!” Her
in pretend play. Which of Piaget’s substages is he in? sister says “No, that’s a bear”, and Carmen now has separate
a. Tertiary circular reactions schemas for dogs and bears. What process is being described
b. Beginning of representational thought here?
c. Secondary circular reactions a. Accommodation
d. Primary circular reactions b. Assimilation
c. Attribution
13. Which part of the brain continues to develop neurons d. Affiliation
throughout life?
a. Hypothalamus 20. In psychosocial development of adolescents, the term
b. Thalamus “MAMA cycling” refers to:
c. Cerebellum a. The tendency of teenagers to go through cycles of wanting to be
d. Hippocampus close to and also rejecting their parents
b. The tendency of heterosexual boys to seek out romantic partners
14. ______________ is a parasite found in cat feces, dirt, and similar to their mother
uncooked meats and can cause problems during prenatal c. The tendency of girls to adopt their mothers’ habits and values as
development. they get older
a. Schistosoma mansoni d. Moving back and forth between moratorium and achievement during
b. Toxoplasma gondii identity formation
c. Balatidium coli
d. Cystoisospora belli 21. Hiromi sees a toy car under the kitchen table and then crawls,
reaches, and grabs the toy. Which of Piaget’s substages is she
illustrating here?
a. Coordination of secondary circular reactions
b. Reflexes

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c. Secondary circular reactions c. Criticism
d. Tertiary circular reactions d. Stonewalling

22. Babbling is defined as: 30. Which of the following statements about cognitive
a. Intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning and comprise a development in midlife is FALSE?
consonant-vowel repeated sequence a. Older adults use more of their brains than younger adults
b. A one-syllable combination of a consonant and a vowel sound b. Brain plasticity has stopped before midlife
c. The infant understanding more than they can say c. Adults in middle adulthood make better financial decisions
d. One-word expressions d. Some individuals in middle age actually have improved cognitive
functioning
23. In Chess and Thomas’ system for classifying infant
temperaments, a(n) __________ infant is described as being one 31. In midlife, expert thinkers can generate hypotheses better
who has a low activity level, adjusts slowly to new situations and than novices, and are also better at ignoring irrelevant
is often negative in mood. information to make effective decisions (such as an experienced
a. Difficult college student who can identify which information on the
b. Easy PowerPoints is important and doesn’t have to write down
c. Slow to warm up everything). For this reason, expert thought is sometimes
d. Undifferentiated described as:
a. Intuitive
24. The following are situations could result in the infant failing b. Automatic
to successfully resolve the crisis of Trust vs. Mistrust. Which one c. Strategic
is not? d. Flexible
a. A caregiver is unavailable, either emotionally or physically
b. A child is born prematurely or has medical problems 32. During the Strange Situation, Maya clings to her mother, is
c. A caregiver is ill-prepared to care for a child upset when her mother leaves, but does not calm down her
d. A care giver punishes the attempts of the child to satisfy the child’s mother returns. Her attachment style can best be described as:
needs. a. Secure
b. Ambivalent
25. During Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, the primary skill obtained c. Avoidant
by the infant is: d. Disorganized
a. Conservation
b. Abstract logic 33. According to Levinson’s theory of adult development, the
c. Object permanence midlife transition (ages 40-45) was a time of:
d. Theory of mind a. Attaining career success and prestige
b. Reevaluating previous commitments and making changes as
26. In Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the necessary
chronosystem represents the: c. Disengaging from society
a. Age of the child d. Thinking of life in terms of how many years are left
b. Historical context in which our experiences occur
c. Milestones achieved by the individual 34. Boomerang kids are:
d. Time of day when we function in different environments a. Young adults who go from job to job without steadily committing to
anything
27. Being born in a certain time period, such as during the Great b. Young adults who help their aging relatives on a temporary, as-
Depression, may affect our views, behaviors, and development in needed basis
a way that can’t be easily predicted from chronological age. This c. Young adults who are returning after having lived independently
is called a: outside the home
a. Flynn effect d. Young adults who are still forming their identity
b. Doppler effect
c. Cohort effect 35. Dr. Smartypants designs a research study in which she
d. Practice effect recruits a group of 60-year-olds, a group of 70-year-olds, and a
group of 80-year-olds and interviews them about their health
28. Experiencing a life event that’s not typical for our age group, status every 5 years over time. What kind of study has she done?
such as losing a parent during our childhood, is an example of a: a. Longitudinal
a. Normative history-graded influence b. Cross-sectional
b. Normative age-graded influence c. Sequential
c. Non-normative life influence d. Time-lag
d. Normative culture-determined influence
36. Piaget believed that children’s pretend play:
29. Which of Gottman’s four predictors of marital harmony is the a. Was pointless and a waste of time
strongest sign that a relationship is destined to fail? b. Helped children solidify new schemata they were developing
a. Contempt c. Helped children learn
b. Defensiveness

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 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
d. Helped children learn by solidifying new schemata they were c. Someone who accepts you and that you accept as they are
developing d. Someone who does nice things for you

37. Laylah doesn’t want hot chocolate put in her Doc McStuffins 44. Which of the following illustrates the principle of transitivity?
cup because she’s worried the hot liquid will burn Doc a. If A +B = C, then B + A = C
McStuffins. The best term to describe this is: b. If A > B and B > C, then A > C
a. Animism c. If A – B = C, then B – A = C
b. Egocentrism d. If A (B+ C) = D, then AB + AC = D
c. Scaffolding
d. Conservation 45. The term “psychological moratorium” means that:
a. Teenagers do not develop new cognitive skills during adolescence
38. Alex has a scoop of ice cream in a small bowl. Daniel has the b. Teenagers adhere to very rigid ways of thinking during adolescence
same amount of ice cream, but in a larger bowl, so it takes up less c. Adolescence is a time of continued brain development
space in the bowl. Daniel is upset because he thinks Alex has d. Teenagers put on hold commitment to an identity while exploring
more ice cream, and he cannot understand that he needs to the options
consider both the size of the bowl and the amount of ice cream
when figuring out who has more. The best term to describe this 46. Who is at greater risk for sex-linked disorders due to a
is: recessive gene?
a. Animism a. Males because they have only one X chromosome
b. Egocentrism b. Males because they are more affected by recessive genes in
c. Centration general
d. Scaffolding c. Females because they are more affected by recessive genes in
general
39. In the false belief task, a child must think logically about a d. Females because they have two X chromosomes
situation from the perspective of someone who knows something
different than they do. In order to reason correctly about this 47. The correct order of labor is
situation, the child must have: I. Uterine contractions that increase in duration and frequency
a. Theory of mind II. Braxton-Hicks contractions
b. Theory-theory III. Passage of the baby through the birth canal
c. Fast mapping IV. Delivery of the placenta
d. Scaffolding a. I, III, IV
b. I, II, III
40. To produce a healthy resolution of the Initiative vs. Guilt c. II, IV, III
crisis, caregivers should: d. II, III, IV
a. Provide consistent, affectionate care
b. Offer praise for the child’s efforts and avoid being critical of messes 48. Usually found in old age, _________ is/are a clouding of the
or mistakes lens of the eye.
c. Allow the child to try new things and explore their expanding self- a. Macular degeneration
concept b. Glaucoma
d. Model initiative-taking behavior of their own c. Presbyopia
d. Cataracts
41.___________ parenting is the traditional model of parenting in
which parents make the rules and children are expected to be 49. Wei plans to vote the same way her parents do and support
obedient. the same candidates and political party they support. She hasn’t
a. Authoritarian thought about her own beliefs, but rather is just doing the same
b. Authoritative thing her parents do. This best represents:
c. Permissive a. Identity achievement
d. Uninvolved b. Identity moratorium
c. Identity foreclosure
42. Nina finds someone’s wallet and returns it because she knows d. Identity diffusion
the person who lost it will want it back, and she doesn’t want them
to be inconvenienced. She is using __________ morality. 50. Vygotsky believed that adults didn’t possess new skills, but
a. Preconventional instead had skills that were already present in children, just better
b. Conventional developed. This is an example of _________ development.
c. Postconventional a. Discontinuous
d. Unconventional b. Continuous
c. Stable
43. Selman outlines five stages of friendship from early childhood d. Qualitative
through to adulthood. In stage 4, called “autonomous
interdependence”, a friend is:
a. Someone who you are playing with at this point in time
b. Someone who you can tell things you would tell no one else

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ANSWER KEY (MA’AM DANIELA)

01-10 CBBAD CCDAB

11-20 DCBBC BDDBA
21-30 ADBCC ADCBB
31-40 CABCB CBACD
41-50 BACBA CCDBC

Reference: Santrock, John W. (2019). Life-span development. New

York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies.

ANSWER KEY (SIR PATRICK)

1-10 CACDB AABCA

11-20 CBDBA ADBAD
21-30 AACDC BCCDB
31-40 CBBCC DACAB
41-50 ABCBD AADCB

Reference: Papalia D. E. & Martorell G. (2021). Experience human

development (Fourteenth). McGraw-Hill Education.