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Lecture 15 Data Communication & Computer Network, HDLC

HDLC is a data link protocol that was defined by ISO for point-to-point and multipoint communication. It supports full-duplex communication and provides reliable data transfer through mechanisms like selective repeat and go-back-N. HDLC defines three types of stations (primary, secondary, combined), three data transfer modes (normal response, asynchronous response, asynchronous balanced), and three types of frames (unnumbered, information, supervisory). It uses flags, address fields, and CRC to structure frames and ensure reliable delivery of data.

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45 views

Lecture 15 Data Communication & Computer Network, HDLC

HDLC is a data link protocol that was defined by ISO for point-to-point and multipoint communication. It supports full-duplex communication and provides reliable data transfer through mechanisms like selective repeat and go-back-N. HDLC defines three types of stations (primary, secondary, combined), three data transfer modes (normal response, asynchronous response, asynchronous balanced), and three types of frames (unnumbered, information, supervisory). It uses flags, address fields, and CRC to structure frames and ensure reliable delivery of data.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Data Communication & Communication Network

Engr. Hamayun Khan


PhD. Electrical Engineering Scholar
Lecturer Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gomal University D.I.Khan
Lecture 15
Anand Ba
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

HDLC was defined by ISO for use on both point-to-
point and multipoint data links.

It supports full-duplex communication

ITU modified HDLC for use in X.25 network
interface and called it Balanced Link Access
Protocol (LAPB)

Other similar protocols are

Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) by IBM

Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure
(ADCCP) by ANSI
HDLC Overview
Broadly HDLC features are as follows:

Reliable protocol

 selective repeat or go-back-N
Full-duplex communication

 receive and transmit at the same time
Bit-oriented protocol
 use bits to stuff flags occurring in data . i.e, it does NOT
recognize or interpret byte value

Flow control
 adjust window size based on receiver capability

Uses physical layer clocking and synchronization
to send and receive frames
HDLC Overview
 Defines three types of stations
Primary
Secondary
Combined
 Defines three types of data transfer mode
Normal Response mode
Asynchronous Response mode
Asynchronous Balanced mode
 Three types of frames
Unnumbered
information
Supervisory
HDLC Defines three types of
stations

STATIONS

PRIMARY SECONDARY COMBINED


STATION STATION STATION
HDLC
 The three stations are :

Primary station
 Has the responsibility of controlling the operation of
data flow .
 Handles error recovery
 Frames issued by the primary station are called commands.

Secondary station,
 Operates under the control of the primary station.
 Frames issued by a secondary station are called responses.
 The primary station maintains a separate logical link with
each secondary station.

Combined station,
 Acts as both as primary and secondary station.
HDLC Unbalanced Mode

Commands
Primary
Responses

Secondary Secondary

Balanced mode

Combined Combined
commands/Responses
HDLC Defines three types of data
transfer mode

DATA TRANSFER
MODES

NORMAL ASYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS


RESPONSE RESPONSE BALANCE MODE
MODE(NRM) MODE(ARM) (ABM)
HDLC
 The three modes of data transfer operations are

Normal Response Mode (NRM)
 Secondary station can send ONLY when the primary station instruct
it to do so
 Two common configurations
- Point-to-Point link (one primary station and one secondary station)
- Multipoint link (the primary station maintain different sessions
with different secondary stations)

Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)
 More independent secondary station
 Can send data or control information without explicit permission to
do so (note that it is still can not send commands)

Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
 Mainly used in point-to-point links, for communication
between combined stations
 Either stations can send data, control information and commands
HDLC Defines three types of frames

HDLC
FRAMES

U-frame I-frame S-frame


HDLC frame structure
(a) Frame
Format

(b) Control
field
format
HDLC
 Flag: 01111110- indicates start and ending of frames
 FCS: 16-bit CRC using generating polynomial
16 12 5
G(x) = x + x + x + 1

Address field:

When a primary station is sending a frame, the address field
contains the receiver identity

If a secondary station is sending the frame, the address field
contains the sender identity

In some cases, it contains a group or broadcast address

In I-frames, N(s) is the sequence number of the frame being sent, and
N(r) is the sequence number of the frame being expected.
 The P/F bit, known as the poll/final bit, is used with different meaning in different
contexts.
 It is used to indicate polling, to indicate the final I-frame, etc
HDLC
 There are three different classes of frames
used in
HDLC

Unnumbered frames, used in link setup and
disconnection, and hence do not contain ACK.

Information frames, which carry actual information.
Such frames can piggyback ACK in case of ABM

Supervisory frames, which are used for error and
flow control purposes and hence contain send and
receive sequence numbers
HDLC
 There are four different supervisory frames

SS=00, Receiver Ready (RR), and N(R) ACKs all frames
received up to and including the one with sequence
number N(R) - 1

SS=10, Receiver Not Ready (RNR), and N(R) has the
same meaning as above

SS=01, Reject; all frames with sequence number N(R) or
higher are rejected, which in turns ACKs frames with
sequence number N(R) -1 or lower.

SS=11, Selective Reject; the receive rejects the frame with
sequence number N(R)
HDLC
 The unnumbered frames can be grouped into
the following categories:
 Mode-setting commands and responses
 Recovery commends and responses
 Miscellaneous commands and responses
Review of Link Layer
 Services

Framing

Error control

Reliability

Connection management

Medium access control

Switching
 Protocols

PPP

HDLC
ANY QUESTIONS……??
•Thank you……

12/21/2013

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