Government Polytechnic, Karad.

Vidyanagar, Karad. Dist. Satara.

Pin. 415124

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
IOT Based Home Automation System
Submitted by

Sr.
No. Names Roll No
1 Jadhav Vaishnavi Dilip 2314
2 Kale Harshada Bapusaheb 2321
3 Kumbhar Prasad Bhauso 2322
4 Kumbhar Om Prakash 2323
5 Kumbhar Sayali Dipak 2324
6 Kumbhar Rutika Dilip 2325

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. S. S. Ingole
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KARAD

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Certificate
This is to certify that the following group of students has completed the
project entitled “IOT Based Home Automation System “in partial
fulfillment for the award of Diploma in Electrical Engineering in
academic year 2022-23.

Sr.
Names Roll No
No.
1 Jadhav Vaishnavi Dilip 2314
2 Kale Harshada Bapusaheb 2321
3 Kumbhar Prasad Bhauso 2322
4 Kumbhar Om Prakash 2323
5 Kumbhar Sayali Dipak 2324
6 Kumbhar Rutika Dilip 2325

Prof. S. S. Ingole Prof. D. Y. Shingare Dr. R. K. Patil

Project Guide Head of Department Principal
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering Govt. Polytechnic Karad

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KARAD

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Kale Harshada Bapusaheb Enrollment no
2000100511 from Government Polytechnic, Karad has completed
project of final year having title “IOT Based Home Automation
System” during the academic year 2021-22.
The project completed by group consisting of 6 studentsunder
the guidance of the faculty guide.

Prof. S. S. Ingole Prof. D. Y. Shingare

Project guide I/c Head,
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering

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 ACKNOWLEDGENMENT

We express our deep gratitude to Prof. Mrs. S. S. Ingole for her constant guidance and
cooperation for the project.

We would like to thank Prof. D. Y. Shingare, I/C Head of Electrical Engineering Department
for his kind support and suggestions.

We are also thankful to Dr. R. K. Patil, Principal of Government Polytechnic Karad for his
support.

We are grateful to staff of the Electrical Engineering Department as well as Work Shop
Department of Government Polytechnic Karad for providing us necessary tools and facilities
for our project work.

Finally, we are thankful to all those who have directly or indirectly helped us for this project.
This project has given us great learning experience and sense of satisfaction.

Thanking you,

1. Jadhav Vaishnavi Dilip (2314)

2. Kale Harshada Bapusaheb (2321)
3. Kumbhar Prasad Bhauso (2322)
4. Kumbhar Om Prakash (2323)
5. Kumbhar Sayali Dipak (2324)
6. Kumbhar Rutika Dilip (2325)

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 ABSTRACT

Electronic devices and appliances have become very common in this recent year of technology
especially with fast development in smartphones. Internet Based Lab Automation
System Using Android, Internet is design and implemented. In this research work a part of
smart Lab technology which using internet in a mobile device is used, so it is cheap and efficient
to use. This paper describes about Lab automation system to enable Lab lighting and fan
switching using a smart phone application with Internet wireless technology.
The proposed system is server independent and uses Internet of things to control human desired
appliances starting from industrial machine to consumer goods. The user can also use different
devices for controlling by the help of web-browser, smart phone.
It helps the user to control various appliances such as light, fan, TV and can take decision based
on the feedback of sensors remotely. We have tested our system through conducted experiment
on various environmental conditions.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IOT), Wi-Fi network, Home Automation system.

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 CONTENTS

Sr.No. Topic Page No.

1. Introduction 7

2. Literature Survey 8

3. Methodology 9

4. Block Diagram 10

5. Block Diagram Descriptions 11-12

6. Circuit Diagrams 12

7. System Software 13-17

8. Hardware Descriptions 18-27

9. PCB Layout 27-33
10. Cost of Project 34-35

11. Conclusion 36

12. References 36

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Chapter 1- Introduction

The concept of controlling home appliances using WIFI is interesting. This project is designed
To control home appliances using a Android application BLYNK. This data is conveyed to
The control unit which switches on loads ON/OFF as desired. An Arduino is used in this project
as a controlling device.
Remote operation is achieved by any smart-phone or Tablet with Android OS. The transmitting
end uses an Android application for the commands that are transmitted to digital bits. At the
receiver end, these commands are used for controlling the home appliance on and off. At the
receiving end, the appliances are driven by RELAY through relay driver that are interfaced to
the microcontroller. Serial communication data sent from the Android application is received
by a Wi-Fi receiver interfaced to the microcontroller. The program on the microcontroller
refers to the serial data to generate respective output based on the input data to operate the
RELAY through relay driver. IOT based home automation refers to the use of the Internet of
Things (IOT) to create a connected home environment. IOT based home automation makes
use of various connected devices, sensors, and actuators to automate a wide range of tasks and
processes in the home.
This includes controlling electrical devices and appliances, monitoring temperature, humidity,
air quality, security, and providing automated responses to a variety of events and conditions.
IoT based home automation provides homeowners with flexibility, convenience, and energy
while helping to make homes more secure and comfortable.

Significance –
We have introduced design and implementation of a low cost, flexible a wireless solution to
the home automation. The system is secured for access from any user or intruder. The users
are expected to acquire pairing password for the Lab Automation System. This adds a
protection from unauthorized users. This system can be used as a test bed for any appliances
that requires on-off switching applications without any internet connection.

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Chapter 2: Literature survey

In these recent years smart automation system has become very common of technology and
especially with fast development in internet webpages. Various smart Lab system with improved
technologies have been implemented. Most of the technologies are based on controlling
automation system in android application which gives user interface for monitoring and
controlling their lab electronic application from local network or internet.

Today science and technology is moving toward a new step due to creation, development,
innovation and technology. Our industry is moving forward and developing themselves with
recent innovated technology. Industries are catching the benefits of the innovated technology
and make their profit with increasing their work efficiency. It is seen that as one of us is very
well known of using recent technologies and demanding them for their purpose.

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Chapter 3 - Methodology

Planned Responsible
Sr. No. Activities planned Planned Start Date
finish Date team members
Searched different
1 19/08/2022 13/09/2022 All Members
project topics

2 Decided project 14/09/2022 26/09/2022 All Members

3 Prepare the plan 27/09/2022 16/10/2022 All Members

Collect information
4 20/10/2022 21/11/2022 All Members
about project

5 Actual study of project 23/11/2022 15/12/2022 All Members

Prepare proposal of
6 18/12/2022 22/12/2022 All Members
project
Collect the
7 requirement about 02/02/2023 10/02/2023 All Members
IOT based Home
Automation
Planning about
8 all the activities to be 12/02/2023 20/02/2023 All Members
done

9 Distribution the points 21/02/2023 05/03/2023 All Members

Planning of the project

10 decides resources that 07/03/2023 14/03/2023 All Members
will be required

11 Estimation of cost 19/03/2023 24/03/2023 All Members

Identified the
12 25/03/2022 28/03/2023 All Members
risk that the provided

13 Report making 01/04/2023 07/04/2023 All Members

Project report
14 correction form 08/04/2023 15/04/2023 All Members
Teacher

15 Project submission All Members

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Chapter 4: Block Diagram

RELAY OUTPUT
NODE DRIVER LAMP
MCU

+ 5 Volts
Power Supply

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Chapter 5: Block Diagram Description:
IoT switch has following blocks
1. Node MCU
2. Power Supply
3. Relay Driver
4. Relay

1. Node MCU Module:

Node MCU is a low-cost open source IoT platform. It initially included firmware which runs on
the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which was based on the ESP-12
module. Later, support for the ESP32 32-bit MCU was added.
• Memory: 128kBytes
• Developer: ESP8266 Opensource Community
• Operating system: XTOS
• CPU: ESP8266(LX106)
• Storage: 4Mbytes
• Power: USB

2. Power Supply:

For our project we require + 5 Volt and +12 Volts supply.

+5 Volts is given to Micro-controller board.12 Volts are used for relay card.

3. Relay Driver:

In our project we have to turn ON or OFF the electric device. The electric supply is operating on
higher voltages therefore we have to use relay. And for driving relay we have to use transistor as
switch to energize or de energize the relay.

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4. Relay

The relay takes advantage of the fact that when electricity flows through a coil, it becomes an
electromagnet. The electromagnetic coil attracts a steel plate, which is attached to a switch. So the
switch's motion (ON and OFF) is controlled by the current flowing to the coil, or not, respectively.
A very useful feature of a relay is that it can be used to electrically isolate different parts of a
circuit. It will allow a low voltage circuit (e.g. 5VDC) to switch the power in a high voltage circuit
(e.g. 100 VAC or more). The relay operates mechanically, so it cannot operate at high speed.

Chapter 6: Circuit Diagram :

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Chapter 7: System Software:

In this section we’ll walk through creating a Smart Switch and controlling it using Amazon
Alexa.

Step 1 : Create a Sinric Pro account

• Visit http://portal.sinric.pro/register and sign up for a new account

Step 2 : Link your Amazon Alexa account

• Open your Amazon Alexa app.

• Go to Skills & Games.
• Search for Sinric Pro.
• Click ENABLE TO USE.
• Enter the credentials you created in step 1.

Step 3 : Create a new device: Switch

• Login to your Sinric Pro account.

• Go to Devices menu on your left.
• Click Add Device button (On top left).
• Enter the device name Switch One, description My First Switch and select the type as Switch.

• Click Next
• Select appropriate notifications if you wish to receive push notification via Sinric Pro app.

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• Click Next
• The timer can be configured to turn ON or OFF after a certain amount of seconds. eg:
automatically switch off your iron after an hour once turned it on.

• Click Next
• Sinric Pro And Alexa (US) supports energy estimates. If you know how much electricity
your connected appliance uses, you can enter it here.

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• Click Save
• Next screen will show the credentials required to connect the device you just created.

• Copy the Device Id, App Key and App Secret

• Keep these values secure. Sharing them will likely suspend your account.

Once you click on the save button Alexa should automatically detect the device we just
created

(If you completed Step 2). You should see a push notification like below in your phone.

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Arduino IDE:

For the automation using node MCU, we uses the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) for programming of Arduino.

Arduino UNO Software

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of
both a physical programmable circuit board and a piece of software, or IDE that runs on your
computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of
hardware called a programmer in order to load new code onto the board you can simply use a
USB cable.

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Project Photo:

Complete Setup:

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Chapter 8: Hardware Description:

1. Node MCU: -
Node MCU Development Kit/Board consist of ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip. ESP8266 chip has GPIO
pins, serial communication protocol, etc. features on it.
ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip developed by Espressif Systems with TCP/IP protocol. For
more information about ESP8266, you can refer ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module.
The features of ESP8266 are extracted on NodeMCU Development board. Node MCU
(LUA based firmware) with Development board/kit that consist of ESP8266 (wifi enabled chip)
chip combines NodeMCU Development board which make it stand-alone device in IoT
applications.
Let’s see 1st version of NodeMCU Dev Kit and its pinout as shown in below images.

NodeMCU Development Board v0.9 (Version1)

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 Node MCU Dev Kit v0.9(V1) Pinouts

2nd version of Node MCU Dev Kit and its Pinout as shown in below images.

NodeMCU Dev Kit v1.0(Version2)

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Node MCU Dev Kit v1.0 pin descriptions:

GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) Pins:

Node MCU has general purpose input output pins on its board as shown in above pinout diagram.

We can make it digital high/low and control things like LED or switch on it. Also, we can generate

PWM signal on these GPIO pins.

ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) channel (A0):

Node MCU has one ADC channel/pin on its board.

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Pins:

Node MCU based ESP8266 has Hardware SPI (HSPI) with four pins available for SPI

communication. It also has SPI pins for Quad-SPI communication. With this SPI interface, we can

connect any SPI enabled device with NodeMCU and make communication possible with it.

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 I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) Pins:

Node MCU has I2C functionality support on ESP8266 GPIO pins. Due to internal functionality
on ESP-12E we cannot use all its GPIOs for I2C functionality. So, do tests before using any GPIO
for I2C applications.
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) Pins:

Node MCU based ESP8266 has two UART interfaces, UART0 and UART1. Since UART0
(RXD0 & TXD0) is used to upload firmware/codes to board, we can’t use them in applications
while uploading firmware/codes.

2.Relay:

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a
magnetic field, which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be on
or off so relays have two switch positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches.
Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit, which can be separate from the first. For
example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is
no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits; the link is magnetic and
mechanical.
The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current; typically, 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be
as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot
provide this current and a transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC current to the larger

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value required for the relay coil. The maximum output current for the popular 555 timer IC is
200mA so these devices can supply relay coils directly without amplification.

Relays are usually SPDT or DPDT but they can have many more sets of switch contacts, for
example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available. For further information
about switch contacts and the terms used to describe them please see the page on switches.
Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but you can solder wires directly to the pins providing
you take care to avoid melting the plastic case of the relay.
The supplier's catalogue should show you the relay's connections. The coil will be obvious and it
may be connected either way round. Relay coils produce brief high voltage 'spikes' when they are
switched off and this can destroy transistors and ICs in the circuit. To prevent damage you must
connect a protection diode across the relay coil.
The animated picture shows a working relay with its coil and switch contacts. You can see a lever
on the left being attracted by magnetism when the coil is switched on. This lever moves the switch
contacts. There is one set of contacts (SPDT) in the foreground and another behind them, making
the relay DPDT
Choosing a relay:
You need to consider several features when choosing a relay: Physical size and pin arrangement.
If you are choosing a relay for an existing PCB you will need to ensure that its dimensions and
pin arrangement are suitable. You should find this information in the supplier's catalogue.
Coil voltage:

The relay's coil voltage rating and resistance must suit the circuit powering the relay coil. Many
relays have a coil rated for a 12V supply but 5V and 24V relays are also readily available. Some
relays operate perfectly well with a supply voltage which is a little lower than their rated value.
Coil resistance
The circuit must be able to supply the current required by the relay coil. You can use Ohm's law
to calculate the current:
supply voltage
Relay coil current =
coil resistance
For example: A 12V supply relay with a coil resistance of 400 passes a current of 30mA. This
is OK for a 555 timer IC (maximum output current 200mA), but it is too much for most ICs and
they will require a transistor to amplify the current.
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Switch ratings (voltage and current):
The relay's switch contacts must be suitable for the circuit they are to control. You will need to
check the voltage and current ratings. Note that the voltage rating is usually higher for AC, for
example: "5A at 24V DC or 125V AC".

Switch contact arrangement (SPDT, DPDT)

Most relays are SPDT or DPDT which are often described as "single pole changeover" (SPCO) or
"double pole changeover" (DPCO). For further information please see the page on switches.
Relays and transistors compared
Like relays, transistors can be used as an electrically operated switch. For switching small DC
currents (< 1A) at low voltage they are usually a better choice than a relay. In these cases a relay
will be needed, but note that a low power transistor may still be needed to switch the current for
the relay's coil! The main advantages and disadvantages of relays are listed below:
Advantages of relays:
• Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC.
• Relays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot.
• Relays are a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).
• Relays can switch many contacts at once.

Disadvantages of relays:

• Relays are bulkier than transistors for switching small currents.

• Relays cannot switch rapidly (except reed relays), transistors can switch many times per
second.
• Relays use more power due to the current flowing through their coil.
• Relays require more current than many chips can provide, so a low power transistor may be
• needed to switch the current for the relay's coil.

3.Capacitors

Capacitors store electric charge. They are used to smooth varying DC supplies by acting as a

reservoir of charge. They are also used in filter circuits because capacitors easily pass AC

(changing) signals but they block DC (constant) signals.

Polarized capacitors (large values, 1µF +)

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 Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and they must be connected the correct way round, at least
one of their leads will be marked + or -. They are not damaged by heat when soldering.
There are two designs of electrolytic capacitors; axial where the leads are attached to each end
(220µF in picture) and radial where both leads are at the same end (10µF in picture). Radial
capacitors tend to be a little smaller and they stand upright on the circuit board.
It is easy to find the value of electrolytic capacitors because they are clearly printed with their
capacitance and voltage rating. The voltage rating can be quite low and it should always be
checked when selecting an electrolytic capacitor.

Unpolarized capacitors (small values, up to 1µF)

Small value capacitors are unpolarized and may be connected either way round. They are not
damaged by heat when soldering, except for one unusual type (polystyrene). It can be difficult to
find the values of these small capacitors because there are many types of them and several different
labeling systems.

Many small value capacitors have their value printed but without a multiplier, so you need to use
experience to work out what the multiplier should be

4. Diodes

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 Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early
diodes were actually called valves.
Forward Voltage Drop

Electricity uses up a little energy pushing its way through the diode, rather like a person pushing
through a door with a spring. This means that there is a small voltage across a conducting diode,
it is called the forward voltage drop and is about 0.7V for all normal diodes, which are made from
silicon. The forward voltage drop of a diode is almost constant whatever the current passing
through the diode so they have a very steep characteristic (current-voltage graph).
Reverse Voltage
When a reverse voltage is applied a perfect diode does not conduct, but all real diodes leak a very
tiny current of a few µA or less. This can be ignored in most circuits because it will be very much
smaller than the current flowing in the forward direction. However, all diodes have a maximum
reverse voltage (usually 50V or more) and if this is exceeded the diode will fail and pass a large
current in the reverse direction, this is called breakdown.
Ordinary diodes can be split into two types: Signal diodes which pass small currents of 100mA or
less and Rectifier diodes which can pass large currents. In addition there are LED (which have
their own page) and Zener diodes (at the bottom of this page).

5. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.

Colors of LEDs

LEDs are available in red, orange, amber, yellow, green, blue and white. Blue and white LEDs
are much more expensive than the other colors.
The colour of an LED is determined by the semiconductor material, not by the coloring of the
'package' (the plastic body). LEDs of all colours are available in uncoloured packages which
may be diffused (milky) or clear (often described as 'water clear'). The coloured packages are
also available as diffused (the standard type) or transparent.
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7. Transistors

Transistors amplify current, for example they can be used to amplify the small output current from
a logic chip so that it can operate a lamp, relay or other high current device. In many circuits a
resistor is used to convert the changing current to a changing voltage, so the transistor is being
used to amplify voltage.

A transistor may be used as a switch (either fully on with maximum current, or fully off with no
current) and as an amplifier (always partly on). The amount of current amplification is called the
current gain
Types of transistors
There are two types of standard transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit symbols.

The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor. Most
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 transistors used today are NPN because this is the easiest type to make from silicon. If you are
new to electronics, it is best to start by learning how to use NPN transistors.
The leads are labeled base (B), collector (C) and emitter (E). These terms refer to the internal
operation of a transistor but they are not much help in understanding how a transistor is used, so
just treat them as labels!

Chapter 9: PCB Layout

PCB Designing:

For designing the PCB we had used Express PCB software. This software is downloaded from
NET. This is user friendly and very simple. We made the PCB layouts in this Software.

Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Process .

The printed circuit board manufacturing process involves various steps such as:
a) Circuit Diagram
b) PCB LAYOUT
c) PCB ARTWORK
d) Pattern transfer
e) Etching
f) Cleaning
g) Drilling

Pattern Transfer Techniques:

Pattern transfer means transferring PCB LAYOUT circuit on a copper laminate sheet or Cu Board.

This is done by various methods like

a) Toner Transfer Technique

a.1 Photo Paper

a.2 Press and peel paper

b) Screen Printing
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c) Photo Resistive board

d) Nail Paint, Oil Paint, permanent Marker, Tape etc

Toner Transfer Technique using Photo Paper

Toner transfer technique using photo paper is simple, accurate, and easy. Material for this method
is easily available. It requires laser printer, photo paper and household electric iron only.

Following steps will explain its working.

1. Laser printers or photocopiers are used to draw images as the Toner material is the black
plastic powder.
2. Like most plastics, toner melts with heat, turning into a sticky, glue-like paste.
3. Print PCB LAYOUT on photo paper as usual, place the sheet face-down on PCB copper, and
4. By the above method paper toner is glued to PCB copper.
5. melt toner on copper by applying heat and pressure with electric iron.The glossy coating photo
paper dissolves in water and can be easily removed.
Etching
Etching is the process in which the unwanted copper is removed from PCB board. As the layout
is made by plastic toner it will not be affected by etching solution.
There are many alternatives for etching liquids, but ferric chloride (FeCl3) is cheap, can be reused
many times, and doesn’t require heating. FeCl3 attacks ANY metal including stainless steel, so
when setting up a PCB etching area, use a plastic or ceramic sink, with plastic fittings & screws
wherever possible.
Some PCB Etching machines:

1. Spray Etching
2. Bobble Etching Machine 3. PCB Etching Solution Rocker
Machine

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Cleaning:
Etching will remove the unwanted copper. After etching only LAYOUT is present on copper
laminate. This layout is made by plastic toner. Therefore we have to remove this plastic toner to
get the copper tracks.
For removing the plastic toner, spread the acetone solution over the plastic toner and wait for 1
minute. Clean the PCB by cloth. The plastic toner will be removed.
Drilling
To make holes on PCB, a drilling machine, a good vertical drill stand and drill bits are required.
To avoid breaking of drill bits, use a good vertical drill stand. When drilling on PCB, good strong
light on the board is required. Dust extraction is preferable, but not essential.
Typical drill (hole) sizes:
• ICs, resistors etc. = 0.8mm.
• Larger diodes, pin headers etc. = 1.0mm,
• Terminal blocks, trimmers etc. = 1.2 to 1.5mm.
• Avoid hole sizes less than 0.8mm unless really needed.
Mounting the components.
After making the PCB of dual regulated power supply, the final step is to mount and solder the
components. Components are mounted on the non-copper side, and then the PCB is turned over
to solder the component leads to the copper tracks.
Solder Wire:
Solder is an alloy, mixture of tin and lead, typically 60% tin and 40% lead. It melts at a temperature
of about 200°C. Solder for electronics use contains tiny cores of flux. The flux is corrosive, like
an acid, and it cleans the metal surfaces as the solder melts. That is why solder is melted actually
on the joint and not on the iron tip. Without flux, most joints would fail because metals quickly
oxidize and the solder metal itself will not flow properly onto a dirty metal surface.
The best size of solder for electronic circuit boards is 22 swig (swig = standard wire gauge).
Making soldered joints:

• Hold the soldering iron like a pen, near the base of the handle. Remember never to touch
the hot element or tip.
• Touch the soldering iron onto the joint to be made. Make sure it touches both the component
lead and the track. Hold the tip there for a few seconds to get heated properly.

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 • Feed a little solder onto the joint. It should flow smoothly onto the lead and track to form a

volcano shape as shown in the diagram below. Make sure you apply the solder to the joint,

not the iron.

• Remove the solder, then the soldering iron, while keeping the joint still. Allow the joint a
few seconds to cool before moving the circuit board.
• Inspect the joint closely. It should look shiny and have a ‘volcano’ shape. If not, it needs to
reheat it and feed in a little more solder. This time ensure that both the lead and track are
heated fully before applying solder.
De-soldering
At some stages, de-soldering is required to remove or re-position a wire or component. There are
two ways to remove the solder:
With a de-soldering pump (solder sucker)
• Set the pump by pushing the spring-loaded plunger down until it locks.
• Apply both the pump nozzle and the tip of your soldering iron to the joint.
• Wait for a second or two for the solder to melt.
• Then press the button on the pump to release the plunger and suck the molten solder into
the tool.
• Repeat, if necessary, to remove as much solder as possible.
• The pump will need emptying occasionally by unscrewing the nozzle.
With solder remover wick (copper braid)
• Place the wick on the joint and heat it using soldering iron.
• As the solder melts, most of it will flow onto the wick, away from the joint.
• Remove the wick first, then the soldering iron.
• Cut off and discard the end of the wick coated with solder
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Bottom Side.

Top Side.

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 Top and Bottom Side

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Chapter 10: COST OF PROJECT

Sr. No Description of good Quantity Rate Amount

1 Transistor (BC547) 3` 5 15.00

2 Diode (1N4007) 3 3 9.00

3 Capacitor(10uf) 1 3 3.00

4 Resistor(330 ohm) 7 1 7.00

5 Relay 5V ,7 A 3 25 75.00

6 PCB Board 1 45 45.00

Node MCU 1
7 360 360.00

8 NOT Gate 1 20 20.00

9 LED 4 2 8.00

10 Adapter 1 129 129.00

11 Switch Board 1

PCB Terminal
12
6
Block Connecter

13 IC Base 1

14 Main Cord 1

15 Female Connecter 2

16 Plastic Box 1
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Chapter 11: Conclusion

By performing this project, we can say that this project is used to operate the Electrical devices
from very far distance. We can control the devices from any location of world.

The best application is turn ON any electric application e.g., Electric Pump ON-OFF control.
We can control Electrical pump from anywhere of word. Therefore, the farmer can operate the
pump from his home.

Chapter 12: References

1. Web site:

• www.arduino.cc

• www.google.com

• www.allsensors.in

• www.sunrom.com

2. Software used

▪ Arduino - IDE

▪ Express PCB - For PCB

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Government Polytechnic Karad