Table of content

● Acknowledgement
● Dedication
● Introduction
● Basic Function
● Proposed System
● Coding
● Testing
● Output
● Future scope of project
JavaScript - Overview
What is JavaScript ?
JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is
lightweight and most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose
implementations allow client-side script to interact with the user and
make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming language with
object-oriented capabilities.

JavaScript was first known as LiveScript, but Netscape changed its

name to JavaScript, possibly because of the excitement being generated
by Java. JavaScript made its first appearance in Netscape 2.0 in 1995
with the name LiveScript. The general-purpose core of the language has
been embedded in Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other web browsers.
JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language.
Designed for creating network-centric applications.
Complementary to and integrated with Java.
Complementary to and integrated with HTML.
Open and cross-platform
Client-Side JavaScript
Client-side JavaScript is the most common form of the language. The script
should be included in or referenced by an HTML document for the code to be
interpreted by the browser.

It means that a web page need not be a static HTML, but can include
programs that interact with the user, control the browser, and dynamically
create HTML content.

The JavaScript client-side mechanism provides many advantages over

traditional CGI server-side scripts. For example, you might use JavaScript to
check if the user has entered a valid e-mail address in a form field.

The JavaScript code is executed when the user submits the form, and only if
all the entries are valid, they would be submitted to the Web Server.

JavaScript can be used to trap user-initiated events such as button clicks, link
navigation, and other actions that the user initiates explicitly or implicitly.

Advantages of JavaScript
The merits of using JavaScript are −

Less server interaction − You can validate user input before sending the page
off to the server. This saves server traffic, which means less load on your
server.

Immediate feedback to the visitors − They don't have to wait for a page reload
to see if they have forgotten to enter something.

Increased interactivity − You can create interfaces that react when the user
hovers over them with a mouse or activates them via the keyboard.

Richer interfaces − You can use JavaScript to include such items as

drag-and-drop components and sliders to give a Rich Interface to your site
visitors.
Limitations of JavaScript
We cannot treat JavaScript as a full-fledged programming language. It lacks
the following important features −

Client-side JavaScript does not allow the reading or writing of files. This has
been kept for security reason.

JavaScript cannot be used for networking applications because there is no

such support available.

JavaScript doesn't have any multi-threading or multiprocessor capabilities.

Once again, JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language

that allows you to build interactivity into otherwise static HTML pages.
JavaScript Development Tools
One of major strengths of JavaScript is that it does not require expensive development tools.
You can start with a simple text editor such as Notepad. Since it is an interpreted language
inside the context of a web browser, you don't even need to buy a compiler.

To make our life simpler, various vendors have come up with very nice JavaScript editing
tools. Some of them are listed here −

Microsoft FrontPage − Microsoft has developed a popular HTML editor called FrontPage.
FrontPage also provides web developers with a number of JavaScript tools to assist in the
creation of interactive websites.

Macromedia Dreamweaver MX − Macromedia Dreamweaver MX is a very popular HTML

and JavaScript editor in the professional web development crowd. It provides several handy
prebuilt JavaScript components, integrates well with databases, and conforms to new
standards such as XHTML and XML.

Macromedia HomeSite 5 − HomeSite 5 is a well-liked HTML and JavaScript editor from

Macromedia that can be used to manage personal websites effectively.
Where is JavaScript Today ?
The ECMAScript Edition 5 standard will be the first update to be released in over four years.
JavaScript 2.0 conforms to Edition 5 of the ECMAScript standard, and the difference
between the two is extremely minor.

The specification for JavaScript 2.0 can be found on the following site:
http://www.ecmascript.org/

Today, Netscape's JavaScript and Microsoft's JScript conform to the ECMAScript standard,
although both the languages still support the features that are not a part of the standard.

JavaScript - Syntax
JavaScript can be implemented using JavaScript statements that are placed within the
<script>... </script> HTML tags in a web page.

You can place the <script> tags, containing your JavaScript, anywhere within your web page,
but it is normally recommended that you should keep it within the <head> tags.

The <script> tag alerts the browser program to start interpreting all the text between these
tags as a script. A simple syntax of your JavaScript will appear as follows.
The script tag takes two important attributes −

Language − This attribute specifies what scripting language you are using. Typically, its
value will be javascript. Although recent versions of HTML (and XHTML, its successor) have
phased out the use of this attribute.

Type − This attribute is what is now recommended to indicate the scripting language in use
and its value should be set to "text/javascript".

So your JavaScript segment will look like −

<script language = "javascript" type = "text/javascript">

JavaScript code
</script>
Your First JavaScript Code
Let us take a sample example to print out "Hello World". We added an optional HTML
comment that surrounds our JavaScript code. This is to save our code from a browser that
does not support JavaScript. The comment ends with a "//-->". Here "//" signifies a comment
in JavaScript, so we add that to prevent a browser from reading the end of the HTML
comment as a piece of JavaScript code. Next, we call a function document.write which
writes a string into our HTML document.

This function can be used to write text, HTML, or both. Take a look at the following code.

Live Demo
<html>
<body>
<script language = "javascript" type = "text/javascript">
<!--
document.write("Hello World!")
//-->
</script>
</body>
Whitespace and Line Breaks
JavaScript ignores spaces, tabs, and newlines that appear in JavaScript programs. You can
use spaces, tabs, and newlines freely in your program and you are free to format and indent
your programs in a neat and consistent way that makes the code easy to read and
understand.

Semicolons are Optional

Simple statements in JavaScript are generally followed by a semicolon character, just as
they are in C, C++, and Java. JavaScript, however, allows you to omit this semicolon if each
of your statements are placed on a separate line. For example, the following code could be
written without semicolons.

<script language = "javascript" type = "text/javascript">

<!--
var1 = 10
var2 = 20
//-->
</script>
Case Sensitivity
JavaScript is a case-sensitive language. This means that the language keywords, variables,
function names, and any other identifiers must always be typed with a consistent
capitalization of letters.

So the identifiers Time and TIME will convey different meanings in JavaScript.

NOTE − Care should be taken while writing variable and function names in JavaScript.

Comments in JavaScript
JavaScript supports both C-style and C++-style comments, Thus −

Any text between a // and the end of a line is treated as a comment and is ignored by
JavaScript.

Any text between the characters /* and */ is treated as a comment. This may span multiple
lines.

JavaScript also recognizes the HTML comment opening sequence <!--. JavaScript treats this
as a single-line comment, just as it does the // comment.

The HTML comment closing sequence --> is not recognized by JavaScript so it should be
written as //-->.

Example
The following example shows how to use comments in JavaScript.

<script language = "javascript" type = "text/javascript">

<!--
// This is a comment. It is similar to comments in C++

/*
* This is a multi-line comment in JavaScript
* It is very similar to comments in C Programming
*/
//-->
</script>
Enabling JavaScript in Browsers
All the modern browsers come with built-in support for JavaScript. Frequently, you may need
to enable or disable this support manually. This chapter explains the procedure of enabling
and disabling JavaScript support in your browsers: Internet Explorer, Firefox, chrome, and
Opera.

JavaScript in Internet Explorer

Here are simple steps to turn on or turn off JavaScript in your Internet Explorer −

Follow Tools → Internet Options from the menu.

Select Security tab from the dialog box.

Click the Custom Level button.

Scroll down till you find Scripting option.

Select Enable radio button under Active scripting.

Finally click OK and come out

To disable JavaScript support in your Internet Explorer, you need to select Disable radio
button under Active scripting.

JavaScript in Firefox
Here are the steps to turn on or turn off JavaScript in Firefox −

Open a new tab → type about: config in the address bar.

Then you will find the warning dialog. Select I’ll be careful, I promise!

Then you will find the list of configure options in the browser.

In the search bar, type javascript.enabled.

There you will find the option to enable or disable javascript by right-clicking on the value of
that option → select toggle.
JavaScript in Chrome
Here are the steps to turn on or turn off JavaScript in Chrome −

Click the Chrome menu at the top right hand corner of your browser.

Select Settings.

Click Show advanced settings at the end of the page.

Under the Privacy section, click the Content settings button.

In the "Javascript" section, select "Do not allow any site to run JavaScript" or "Allow
all sites to run JavaScript (recommended)".

JavaScript in Opera
Here are the steps to turn on or turn off JavaScript in Opera −

Follow Tools → Preferences from the menu.

Select Advanced option from the dialog box.

Select Content from the listed items.

Select Enable JavaScript checkbox.

Finally click OK and come out.

To disable JavaScript support in your Opera, you should not select the Enable
JavaScript checkbox.

Warning for Non-JavaScript Browsers

If you have to do something important using JavaScript, then you can display a
warning message to the user using <noscript> tags.
You can add a noscript block immediately after the script block as follows −

<html>
<body>
<script language = "javascript" type = "text/javascript">
<!--
document.write("Hello World!")
//-->
</script>

<noscript>
Sorry...JavaScript is needed to go ahead.
</noscript>
</body>
</html>
Now, if the user's browser does not support JavaScript or JavaScript is not enabled, then the
message from </noscript> will be displayed on the screen.

JavaScript - Placement in HTML File

There is a flexibility given to include JavaScript code anywhere in an HTML document.
However the most preferred ways to include JavaScript in an HTML file are as follows −

Script in <head>...</head> section.

Script in <body>...</body> section.

Script in <body>...</body> and <head>...</head> sections.

Script in an external file and then include in <head>...</head> section.

JavaScript in <head>...</head> section
If you want to have a script run on some event, such as when a user clicks somewhere, then
you will place that script in the head as follows −

Live Demo
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
function sayHello() {
alert("Hello World")
}
//-->
</script>
</head>

<body>
<input type = "button" onclick = "sayHello()" value = "Say Hello" />
</body>
</html>
This code will produce the following results −

JavaScript in <body>...</body> section

If you need a script to run as the page loads so that the script generates content in the page,
then the script goes in the <body> portion of the document. In this case, you would not have
any function defined using JavaScript. Take a look at the following code.
JavaScript in <body>...</body> section
If you need a script to run as the page loads so that the script generates content in
the page, then the script goes in the <body> portion of the document. In this case,
you would not have any function defined using JavaScript. Take a look at the
following code.

Live Demo
<html>
<head>
</head>

<body>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
document.write("Hello World")
//-->
</script>

<p>This is web page body </p>

</body>
</html>
This code will produce the following results −

JavaScript in <body> and <head> Sections

You can put your JavaScript code in <head> and <body> section altogether as follows
−

Live Demo
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
function sayHello() {
alert("Hello World")
}
//-->
</script>
</head>

<body>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
document.write("Hello World")
//-->
</script>

<input type = "button" onclick = "sayHello()" value = "Say Hello" />

 </body>
</html>
JavaScript in External File
As you begin to work more extensively with JavaScript, you will be likely to find that there are
cases where you are reusing identical JavaScript code on multiple pages of a site.

You are not restricted to be maintaining identical code in multiple HTML files. The script tag
provides a mechanism to allow you to store JavaScript in an external file and then include it
into your HTML files.

Here is an example to show how you can include an external JavaScript file in your HTML
code using script tag and its src attribute.

<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/javascript" src = "filename.js" ></script>
</head>

<body>
.......
</body>
</html>
To use JavaScript from an external file source, you need to write all your JavaScript source
code in a simple text file with the extension ".js" and then include that file as shown above.

For example, you can keep the following content in filename.js file and then you can use
sayHello function in your HTML file after including the filename.js file.
JavaScript - Variables
JavaScript Datatypes
One of the most fundamental characteristics of a programming language is the set of data
types it supports. These are the type of values that can be represented and manipulated in a
programming language.

JavaScript allows you to work with three primitive data types −

Numbers, eg. 123, 120.50 etc.

Strings of text e.g. "This text string" etc.

Boolean e.g. true or false.

JavaScript also defines two trivial data types, null and undefined, each of which defines only
a single value. In addition to these primitive data types, JavaScript supports a composite
data type known as object. We will cover objects in detail in a separate chapter.

Note − JavaScript does not make a distinction between integer values and floating-point
values. All numbers in JavaScript are represented as floating-point values. JavaScript
represents numbers using the 64-bit floating-point format defined by the IEEE 754 standard.

JavaScript Variables
Like many other programming languages, JavaScript has variables. Variables can be
thought of as named containers. You can place data into these containers and then refer to
the data simply by naming the container.

Before you use a variable in a JavaScript program, you must declare it. Variables are
declared with the var keyword as follows.

<script type = "text/javascript">

<!--
var money;
var name;
//-->
</script>
JavaScript Variable Scope
The scope of a variable is the region of your program in which it is defined. JavaScript
variables have only two scopes.

Global Variables − A global variable has global scope which means it can be defined
anywhere in your JavaScript code.

Local Variables − A local variable will be visible only within a function where it is defined.
Function parameters are always local to that function.

Within the body of a function, a local variable takes precedence over a global variable with
the same name. If you declare a local variable or function parameter with the same name as
a global variable, you effectively hide the global variable. Take a look into the following
example.

Live Demo
<html>
<body onload = checkscope();>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
var myVar = "global"; // Declare a global variable
function checkscope( ) {
var myVar = "local"; // Declare a local variable
document.write(myVar);
}
//-->
</script>
</body>
</html>
 ACKNOWLDGEMENT

Our sincerest appreciation must be extended by our facilities. We also want to thank facilities
ofour university. They have been kind and helpful us to. We want to thank all of our teaching
andnon-teaching staff to support us. Especially we are thankful to Mrs Usha Mam and
Partibha mam providing usthis golden opportunity to work on this project, inspiration during
the course of this project tocomplete this project within the time duration and four walls of the
university Lab. We are verythankful for them, for their help during the selection of the project
and their constantencouragement, expert academic and practical guidance
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this project to our parents and respected teachers. Our parents
supported us in everytime of need and provided us the right education so we are able
to stand at this point they send usa one of the great institution to get education. This
project is also dedicated to our respectedteachers who taught us guided throughout
in our academic career and possible to stand where weare today
Introduction
Scientific Calculator :

The calculator was written by Rolf Howarth in early 1996.

A fully featured scientific calculator with proper operator precedence is implemented,

including trig functions and logarithms, factorials, 12 levels of parentheses, logs to
base 2 (a handy function for information entropists!), bitwise logical operators, hex,
octal, binary and ASCII display.

The calculator is written in JavaScript and you are welcome to view the JavaScript
source (visible within the HTML page) for personal educational purposes as long as
you recognize that it is copyrighted and not in the public domain.
BASIC FUNCTIONS

Addition

The addition (sum function) is used by clicking on the "+" button or using the keyboard. The
function results in a+b

Subtraction

The subtraction (minus function) is used by clicking on the "-" button or using the keyboard.
The function results in a-b

Multiplication

The multiplication (times function) is used by clicking on the "x" button or using the keyboard
"key. The function results in a*b.

Division

The division (divide function) is used by clicking on the "/" button or using the keyboard "/"
key. The function results in a/b.

Sign

The sign key (negative key) is used by clicking on the "(-)" button. The function results in
-1"x.

Square

The square function is used by clicking on the "x^" button or type "^2". The function results in

Square Root

The square root function is used by clicking on the "x" button or type "sqrt()". This function
represents x^.5 where the result squared is equal to x.

Raise to the Power

The raise to the power (y raised to the x function) is used by clicking on the "y^x" button or

type "A"

Natural Exponential

The natural exponential (e raised to the x) is used by clicking on the "e^x" button or type
"exp()". The result is e (2.71828...) raised to x.

Logarithm

The logarithm (LOG) is used by clicking on the "LOG" button or type "LOG()".

Natural Logarithm

The Natural logarithm (LN) is used by clicking on the "LN" button or type "LN()".

Inverse

Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal function) is used by pressing the "1/x" button or typing
"inv()". This function is the same as x^-1 or dividing 1 by the number.

Exponent

Numbers with exponents of 10 are displayed with an "e", for example 4.5e+100 or 4.5e-100.
This function represents 10^x. Numbers are automatically displayed in the format when the
number is too large or too small for the display. To enter a number in this format use the
exponent key "EEX". To do this enter the mantissa (the non exponent part) then press "EEX"
or type"e" and then enter the exponent.

Factorial

The Factorial function is used by clicking the "!" button or type "!".

PI

Pl is a mathematical constant of the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

The following documentation is a project the "Name of the term paper allotted". It is a
detailed summary of all the drawbacks of the old system and how the new proposed system
overcomes these shortcomings. The new system takes into account the various factors while
designing a new system. It keeps into the account the Economical bandwidth available for
the new system. The foremost thing that is taken care of is the Need and Requirements of
the User.

DESCRIPTION

Before developing software we keep following things in mind that we can develop powerful
and quality software

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Problem statement was to design a module:

• Which is user friendly

• Which will restrict the user from accessing other user's data.

• Which will help user in viewing his data and privileges.

⚫ Which will help the administrator to handle all the changes.

FUNCTIONS TO BE PROVIDED:

The system will be user friendly and completely menu driven so that the users shall have no
problem in using all options.

• The system will be efficient and fast in response.

⚫ The system will be customized according to needs.

SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS

Operating system: MS Windows XP or Windows 10

Language: C Language

Processor: Pentium IV Processor RAM: 512 MB Hard disk: 2 GB

JavaScript Calculator

As we know, the Calculator is a portable device used in our daily life to perform various
mathematical functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, root, etc.
However, we have scientific or sophisticated calculators used to solve complex tasks such
as trigonometry functions, degrees, exponential operators, log functions, hyperbolic
functions, square root, and so on. In this topic, we will create a calculator program in
JavaScript.
Create a JavaScript Calculator using the
JavaScript, HTML and CSS programming
languages.
Build.html
<!-- Create a simple Program to build the Calculator in JavaScript using with HTML and CSS
web languages. -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en">
<head>
<title> Happy to Calculate </title>

<style>
h1 {
text-align: center;
padding: 23px;
background-color: skyblue;
color: white;
}
#clear{
width: 270px;
border: 3px solid gray;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 20px;
background-color: red;
}
.formstyle
{
width: 300px;
height: 530px;
margin: auto;
border: 3px solid skyblue;
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 20px;
}
input
{
width: 20px;
background-color: green;
color: white;
border: 3px solid gray;
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 26px;
margin: 5px;
font-size: 15px;
}

#calc{
width: 250px;
border: 5px solid black;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 20px;
margin: auto;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
<h1> Happy to Calculate </h1>
<div class= "formstyle">
<form name = "form1">

<!-- This input box shows the button pressed by the user in calculator. -->
<input id = "calc" type ="text" name = "answer"> <br> <br>
<!-- Display the calculator button on the screen. →

<input id = "calc" type ="text" name = "answer"> <br> <br>

<!-- Display the calculator button on the screen. -->
<!-- onclick() function display the number prsses by the user. -->
<input type = "button" value = "1" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '1' ">
<input type = "button" value = "2" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '2' ">
<input type = "button" value = "3" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '3' ">
<input type = "button" value = "+" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '+' ">
<br> <br>
<input type = "button" value = "4" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '4' ">
<input type = "button" value = "5" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '5' ">
<input type = "button" value = "6" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '6' ">
<input type = "button" value = "-" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '-' ">
<br> <br>

<input type = "button" value = "7" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '7' ">

<input type = "button" value = "8" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '8' ">
<input type = "button" value = "9" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '9' ">
<input type = "button" value = "*" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '*' ">
<br> <br>

<input type = "button" value = "/" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '/' ">

<input type = "button" value = "0" onclick = "form1.answer.value += '0' ">
<input type = "button" value = "." onclick = "form1.answer.value += '.' ">
<!-- When we click on the '=' button, the onclick() shows the sum results on the calculator
screen. -->
<input type = "button" value = "=" onclick = "form1.answer.value = eval(form1.answer.value)
">
<br>
 <!-- Display the Cancel button and erase all data entered by the user. -->
<input type = "button" value = "Clear All" onclick = "form1.answer.value = ' ' " id= "clear" >
<br>

</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Output

When the above program is executed on any browser, it shows the below image.
Here we have created a Calculator program using the JavaScript language, including HTML
and CSS web programming. In this Calculator, we can perform basic operations like
addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division.

Now we perform some operation in the JavaScript program, as shown below.

We performed addition and subtraction operations in the above image by clicking on the
numeric button and then addition & subtraction operations. After this, click on the '=' (equal)
button to get the operation result. In the given below image, we can see the results of the

numbers.
 ● FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Our project will be able to implement in future after making some changes and
modifications as we make our project at a very low level. So the modifications that
can be done in our project are:

To make it screen touch so no need to touch key buttons and one more change which
can we made is to add snaps of the person who use it.