Ejusdem Generis Real Handout
Ejusdem Generis Real Handout
Ejusdem Generis Real Handout
General rule: where a general word or phrase follows an enumeration of particular and specific words of the same class or where the latter follow the former, the general word or phrase is to be construed to include, or to be restricted to, persons, things or cases akin to, resembling, or of the same kind or class as those specifically mentioned. Example: : if a law refers to automobiles, trucks, tractors, motorcycles and other motor-powered vehicles, "vehicles" would not include airplanes, since the list was of land-based transportation Purpose: give effect to both particular or general words, by treating the particular words as indicating the class and the general words as indicating all that is embraced in said class, although not specifically named by the particular words. Principle: based on proposition that had the legislature intended the general words to be used in their generic and unrestricted sense, it would have not enumerated the specific words. Presumption: particularization legislators addressed specifically to the
Limitations
1. A statute contains an enumeration of particular & specific words, followed by general word or phrase. 2. Particular and specific words constitute a class or are the same kind. 3. Enumeration of the particular & specific words is not exhaustive or is not merely by examples. 4. There is no indication of legislative intent to give the general words or phrases a broader meaning Example: Commisioner on Internal Revenue vs. American Express Statute : "Section 4.102-2(b)(2) -- Services other than processing, manufacturing or repacking for other persons doing business outside the Philippines for goods which are subsequently exported, as well as services by a resident to a non-resident foreign client such as project studies, information services, engineering and architectural designs and other similar services, the consideration for which is paid for in acceptable foreign currency and accounted for in accordance with the rules and regulations of the BSP. Held: The canon of statutory construction known as ejusdem generis or "of the same kind or specie" does not apply to Section 4.102-2(b)(2) of RR 7-95 as amended by RR 5-96.
Illustration
Mutuc v. COMELEC
Statute: Act makes unlawful the distribution of electoral propaganda gadgets, pens, lighters, fans, flashlights, athletic goods, materials and the like Held: and the like, does not embrace taped jingles for campaign purposes