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L1 - Concept of Physical Fitness

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PATH FIT 2 – Exercise-based Training

Week #1 – Module 2
Nature and Concept of Physical Fitness

Objectives:
At the end of this session, the students should be able to:
a. Define physical fitness, physical activity, physical exercise and sport
b. Understand the benefits of physical fitness
c. Realize general principles of fitness training
d. Make behavior modification to stay fit

INTRODUCTION
You've undoubtedly set objectives, as most college students do.
Obviously, your personal objectives differ from those of your peers, yet
everyone's aspirations have one thing in common: their desire to enhance
individual well-being However, there are as many ways to accomplish this as
there are people. Do you want to make more money, have better health, or
improve your relationships? Holistic wellness encompasses all of these facets
of life as well as others. Maintaining physical fitness and staying conditioned,
on the other hand, has a significant impact on wellbeing.
This section teaches physical fitness ideas that may help you stay
healthy to radiate confidence, optimism, and self-efficacy; they have the
energy reserves to do what has to be done today and to plan for a better
tomorrow. Goals aimed at achieving the highest degree of personal
wellbeing are the most effective and transforming.
LESSON 1: CONCEPTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Meanings and Definitions of Terms


A. Physical Fitness
It is the capacity to fulfill the routine and unexpected demands
of everyday life in a safe and effective manner without being unduly
tired. Simply said, it is the capacity of the body to perform properly
and efficiently, which adds to overall quality of life.
A completely fit individual has a healthy and pleasant attitude on
life. Fitness is a vital need for the young man. It fosters self-sufficiency
and keeps man cognitively awake. Physical fitness is required for
humans to adjust successfully to their surroundings because their
mind and body are in total harmony.
Although it is widely acknowledged that physical fitness is an
important aspect of a child's proper growth and development, a
generic description of the precise nature of physical fitness has not
been consistently recognized. According to study and academic
investigation, the multi-dimensional qualities of physical fitness may
be classified into two categories: health-related physical fitness and
skill-related physical fitness.
Clarke and Clarke (1989) discovered that physical fitness is not a
static characteristic, but rather fluctuates from person to person and
within the same person over time based on a variety of circumstances.
Physical
Fitness is most likely the
most well-known and commonly
used phrase in physical education.
The primary goal of physical
educators is to promote physical
fitness. The goal to adopt a
scientific approach to the
development of physical fitness,
according to Nixon and cozens
(1964), provided the basis of the
first gathering of physical
educators in 1885, when the
profession of physical education was founded.
General fitness denotes a person's capacity to live most successfully
with his or her potentials, which are dependent on the physical, mental,
emotional, social, and spiritual components of fitness, all of which are
strongly interconnected.

B. Physical Activity
It is bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results
in energy expenditure. The term, physical activity, does not require or
imply any specific aspect or quality of movement. The term
encompasses all types, intensities, and domains. Although the term
―physical activity‖ has been used often as a short-hand description for
moderate-to-vigorous-intensity forms of physical activity, given
current interest and discussions about physical activity of intensities
less than moderate-intensity, the term ―physical activity‖ should be
used when discussing the full range of intensities. More specific
descriptors such as sedentary behavior, light, moderate, vigorous, or
moderate-to-vigorous should be used when talking about a specific
range of intensities. Based on predominant physiologic effect, physical
activity can be categorized into aerobic physical activity and anaerobic
physical activity.
Aerobic physical activity includes forms of activity that are
intense enough and performed long enough to maintain or improve an
individual ‘s cardiorespiratory fitness. Aerobic activities such as
walking, basketball, soccer, or dancing, commonly require the use of
large muscle groups. The connection between aerobic activities such
as these and cardiorespiratory fitness is sufficiently close that the term
―aerobic capacity‖ is considered equivalent to cardiorespiratory
fitness. Technically, aerobic physical activity includes any activity that
could be maintained using only oxygen-supported metabolic energy
pathways and could be continued for more than a few minutes.
However, in both common and scientific usage, ―aerobic‖ activity has
come to mean physical activity that would be expected to maintain or
improve cardiorespiratory fitness or aerobic capacity. Whereas
anaerobic physical activity refers to high-intensity activity that exceeds
the capacity of the cardiovascular system to provide oxygen to muscle
cells for the usual oxygen consuming metabolic pathways.
Anaerobic activity can be maintained for only about 2 to 3
minutes. Sprinting and power lifting are examples of anaerobic
physical activity.
C. Physical Exercise
The term "exercise" has
been used interchangeably with
"physical activity", and, in fact,
both have several common
elements. For example, both
physical activity and exercise
involve any bodily movement
produced by skeletal muscles that
expends energy, are measured by kilocalories ranging continuously
from low to high and are positively correlated with physical fitness as
the intensity, duration, and frequency of movements increase.
Exercise, however, is not synonymous with physical activity: it is
a subcategory of physical activity. Exercise is physical activity that is
planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive in the sense that
improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical
fitness is an objective. The formula relating physical activity and
exercise is:

Physical activity, on the other hand, is complicated behavior that


may be properly partitioned into other categories that are mutually
exclusive of one other, but not activity except sleep. However, it is
more likely to be a significant component of some types of physical
exercise than others. Almost all conditioning and many sports
activities, for example, are conducted to enhance or maintain
components of physical fitness. They are planned, organized, and,
more often than not, repetitious in such cases.
In general, exercise is defined as planned, controlled, and
repetitive bodily action that increases or sustains one or more aspects
of physical fitness and is a subset of physical fitness activity. Exercise
is typically goal-oriented and meant to enhance or maintain one or
more aspects of physical fitness (for example, endurance, strength,
flexibility, etc...).
D. Sport
It is a structured, competitive game. Some people see sport as
just an organized kind of play, which may bring it closer to physical
education as we describe it. Close examination, however, reveals that
sport has long included competitive activity.
When we refer to sport as ―organized‖ competitive activity, we
mean that the activity has been refined and formalized to some
degree- that is, some definite form or process involved. Rules, whether
they are written or not, are involved in this form of activity, and these
rules or procedures cannot be changed during the competition, though
new ones may involve from one episode to the next. Sport is, above
all, competitive activity. We cannot think of sport without thinking of
competition, for without the competition, sport becomes simply play or
recreation.
REFERENCES

 American College of Sports Medicine, 7th Edition, ACSM‘s Guidelines for


Exercise Testing and Prescription, Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott, Williams and
Wilkins
 Anita B. (2002) Food for Fitness (2nd ed.) A & C Black Publishers Ltd, 38
Soho
Square, London W1D 3HB.
 Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Retrieved April 2017, CDC:
Physical Activity, Data and Statistics.

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