Design a pair of spur gears to transmit 20kW at a pinion speed of 1400 rpm.

Transmission
ratio is 4.

Assume suitable materials and stresses.

Material Selection:

From Table-5 of PSG 8.4 select suitable material combination of gears

Get design bending and compressive stress from Table7 of PSG 8.5

C45 Gear  [σb]=1400 Kgf/cm2 [σc]=5000 Kgf/cm2

15Ni2Cr1Mo15  pinion  [σb]=3200 Kgf/cm2 [σc]=9500 Kgf/cm2

Lower values of [σb] and [σc] are considered for design

So  [σb]=1400 Kgf/cm2 [σc]=5000 Kgf/cm2

Finding Center Distance (a)

𝟏
𝟎.𝟕𝟒 𝑬 [𝑴𝒕 ] 𝟑
From Table 8 of PSG 8.13 𝒂 ≥ (𝒊 ± 𝟏) [𝝈𝒄 ]𝟐 𝒊𝝍

𝒌𝒈𝒇
𝑬 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝟗 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟏𝟒 𝑬 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝒊 = 𝟒 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟏𝟓 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑻𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕, [𝑴𝒕 ] = 𝑴𝒕 𝒌 𝒌𝒅
(𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝒌𝒊𝒍𝒐 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎
𝑴𝒕 = 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
(𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝑲𝒊𝒍𝒐 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝒕 = 𝒌𝒈𝒇 − 𝒄𝒎
𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎) 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏
(𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝑲𝒊𝒍𝒐 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔)
𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑻𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕, 𝑴𝒕 = 𝟗𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟎 × 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎
𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝟐𝟎
𝑴𝒕 = 𝟗𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟎 × = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟏. 𝟕 𝑲𝒈𝒇 − 𝒄𝒎
𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑻𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕, [𝑴𝒕 ] = 𝑴𝒕 𝒌 𝒌𝒅 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏. 𝟓
= 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟕 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎

𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝟏𝟏 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟏𝟒

𝒃
𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝝍 = = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚
𝒂
𝒃 𝒊𝒔 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒎

𝒂 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒎

𝟏
𝟐 𝟑
𝟎. 𝟕𝟒 𝑬 [𝑴𝒕 ]
𝒂≥ 𝒊±𝟏 [𝝈𝒄 ] 𝒊𝝍

𝟏
𝟐 𝟔 𝟑
𝟎. 𝟕𝟒 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟕
𝒂 ≥ (𝟒 + 𝟏) = 𝟐𝟐𝒄𝒎
[𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎] 𝟒 × 𝟎. 𝟑

𝒂 ≥ 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎

Finding Module(m)
𝟏
[𝑴𝒕 ] 𝟑
From Table 8 of PSG 8.13A 𝒎 ≥ 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔
[𝝈𝒃 ]𝝍𝒎 𝒁𝟏 𝒚

𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑻𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕, [𝑴𝒕 ] = 𝑴𝒕 𝒌 𝒌𝒅 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏. 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟕 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎

 𝒃 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉
𝝍𝒎 = = = 𝟏𝟎
𝒎 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝒁𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚

𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝟏𝟖 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟏𝟖

𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒁𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟕

𝟏
[𝑴𝒕 ] 𝟑
𝒎 ≥ 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔
[𝝈𝒃 ]𝝍𝒎 𝒁𝟏 𝒚
𝟏
𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟕 𝟑
𝒎 ≥ 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔 × = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟐𝟗𝒄𝒎
𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟕
𝒎 ≥ 𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝒎𝒎 ≈ 𝟒𝒎𝒎

𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒏𝒆𝒙𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟐 𝒊. 𝒆 𝒎 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎

Design specification (from table-26 of PSG 8.22 )

𝒎 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝒛𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖;

𝒛𝟐 = 𝒊 × 𝒛𝟏 = 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟕𝟐

𝒅𝟏 = 𝒎𝒛𝟏 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟗𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝒅𝟐 = 𝒎𝒛𝟐 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎 × 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝒅𝟏 + 𝒅𝟐 𝒎 × (𝒛𝟏 + 𝒛𝟐 ) 𝟗𝟎 + 𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒂 = = = = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑩𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒔𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒏𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉

𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒛𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎;

𝒛𝟐 = 𝒊 × 𝒛𝟏 = 𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟖𝟎;
 𝒎 × (𝒛𝟏 + 𝒛𝟐 ) 𝟓 × (𝟐𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎)
𝒂= = = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎 > 240𝒎𝒎
𝟐 𝟐

Specification of Gear drive

C45 Gear  [σb]=1400 Kgf/cm2 [σc]=5000 Kgf/cm2

15Ni2Cr1Mo15  pinion  [σb]=3200 Kgf/cm2 [σc]=9500 Kgf/cm2

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟎𝒌𝑾

𝒊=𝟒

𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒓𝒑𝒎

𝒎 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝒛𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎;

𝒛𝟐 = 𝟖𝟎

𝒅𝟏 = 𝒎𝒛𝟏 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎 × 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝒅𝟐 = 𝒎𝒛𝟐 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎 × 𝟖𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒂 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝒃 𝒃
𝝍𝒎 = = 𝟏𝟎 ⇒ = 𝟏𝟎 ⇒ 𝒃 = 𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝒎 𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝒃 𝒃
𝝍= = 𝟎. 𝟑 ⇒ = 𝟎. 𝟑 ⇒ 𝒃 = 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝒂 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝑳𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒃 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒅

𝒔𝒐 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒃 = 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎

Checking your design for the finalized parameters whether your

Calculate induced bending σb from PSG 8.13A and compressive stresses σc from
PSG 8.13
These stresses must be less than Design bending or compressive stresses
([σb]=1400 Kgf/cm2 [σc]= 5000 Kgf/cm2)
 AGMA Method
Design a pair of spur gears to transmit 20kW at a pinion speed of 1400 rpm.
Transmission ratio is 4.Assume suitable materials and stresses. Use Lewis and
Buckingham equations

Material Selection:

From Table-5 of PSG 8.4 select suitable material combination of gears

Get design bending and compressive stress from Table7 of PSG 8.5

C45 Gear  [σb]=1400 Kgf/cm2 [σc]=5000 Kgf/cm2

15Ni2Cr1Mo15  pinion  [σb]=3200 Kgf/cm2 [σc]=9500 Kgf/cm2

Finding module
Lewis Equation: From PSG 8.50
𝒀
𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒉, 𝑭𝒃 = [𝝈𝒃 ] 𝒃 𝒚 𝑷𝒄 = [𝝈𝒃 ] 𝒃
𝑷𝒅
𝒅 𝝅 𝒁
𝑷𝒄 = 𝝅𝒎 ; 𝒎 = ; 𝑷𝒅 = =
𝒁 𝑷𝒄 𝒅

𝒃
𝝍𝒎 = = 𝟏𝟎 ⇒ 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎𝒎
𝒎
𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝑳𝒆𝒘𝒊𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 .

𝑰𝒕 𝒉𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟓𝟎

𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒁𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓° 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆

𝒁𝟐 = 𝒊𝒁𝟏 = 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟕𝟐

𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 [𝝈𝒃 ] 𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒘 [𝝈𝒃 ] 𝒚.

𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟒 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟒
𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟒 − = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟒 − = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟓
𝒁𝟐 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟒
 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟒 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟒
𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟒 − = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟒 − = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟔
𝒁𝟏 𝟏𝟖

[𝝈𝒃 ] 𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 (𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟓 ) = 𝟏𝟔𝟎. 𝟑

[𝝈𝒃 ] 𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟔) = 𝟐𝟕𝟓. 𝟐

[𝝈𝒃 ] × 𝒚 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓.

𝑺𝒐 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒓. 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓

𝐊𝐠𝐟
𝑭𝒃 = [𝝈𝒃 ] 𝒃 𝒚 𝑷𝒄 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟐
× 𝟏𝟎𝐦 × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟓 × 𝛑𝐦 = 𝟓𝟎𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟐𝐦𝟐
𝐜𝐦
𝑫𝒚𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅, 𝑭𝒅 = 𝑭𝒕 𝑪𝒗
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟏𝟓 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑻𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕, [𝑴𝒕 ] = 𝑴𝒕 𝒌 𝒌𝒅

(𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎 (𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝑴𝒕 = 𝑵. 𝒎 = × 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎
𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎 ) 𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎 ) 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏

(𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝑴𝒕 = × 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎 = ×
𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎 ) 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝟐 × 𝝅 × 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏

𝑴𝒕 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎

[𝑴𝒕 ] = 𝑴𝒕 𝒌 𝒌𝒅 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟔 × 𝟏. 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟗 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎

[𝑴𝒕 ] 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟗
𝑭𝒕 = =
𝒅𝟏 𝒎 × (𝒁𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖)
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟔
𝑭𝒕 =
𝒎
𝑪𝑽 𝒉𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝒐𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟓𝟏

𝝅𝑫𝒏 𝝅𝒁𝒎𝒏 𝝅 × 𝟏𝟖 × 𝒎 × 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎

𝒗𝒎 = = = = 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟔 × (𝒎 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔)
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎

𝒎
𝒗

𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝟔 + (𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟔 × (𝒎 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒎)/𝟏𝟎𝟎)

𝑫𝒚𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅, 𝑭𝒅 = 𝑭𝒕 𝑪𝒗 = ×
𝒎 𝟔
𝑶𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑭𝒃 ≥ 𝑭𝒅

Assumee v=10m/sec

𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝟔 + (𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟗𝒎)

𝑭𝒃 ≥ 𝑭𝒅 ⇒ 𝟓𝟎𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟐𝐦𝟐 ≥ ×
𝒎 𝟔
𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟔
⇒ 𝟓𝟎𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟐𝐦𝟐 ≥ × (𝟏 + 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟏𝒎)
𝒎
⇒ 𝟓𝟎𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟐𝐦𝟑 ≥ (𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 + 𝟓𝟎𝟗. 𝟔𝟓𝟐𝒎)

⇒ 𝟓𝟎𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟐𝐦𝟑 − 𝟓𝟎𝟗. 𝟔𝟓𝟐𝒎 − 𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 ≥ 𝟎

⇒ 𝐦𝟑 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟏 ≥ 𝟎
Root of this equation is 0.451

𝒎 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟏𝒄𝒎 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒄𝒎 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎

From PSG 8.2 get standard modules and Substitute m=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 cm
in the above equation check at what m value this equation get satisfied

𝒎 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎𝒎 = 𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝒛𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖;

𝒛𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐

𝒅𝟏 = 𝒎𝒛𝟏 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟗𝟎𝒎𝒎 = 𝟗𝒄𝒎

𝒅𝟐 = 𝒎𝒛𝟐 = 𝟓𝒎𝒎 × 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒎 = 𝟑𝟔𝒄𝒎

𝒅𝟏 + 𝒅𝟐
𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒂 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝒄𝒎
𝟐
 Check for wear strength
𝑭𝒘 = 𝒅𝟏 𝑸𝒌𝒃 = 𝟗𝒄𝒎 × 𝑸 × 𝒌 × 𝟓𝒄𝒎
𝟐𝒊 𝟐×𝟒 𝟖
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟓𝟏 𝑸= = = = 𝟏. 𝟔
𝒊+𝟏 𝟒+𝟏 𝟓
𝑲𝒈𝒇
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝟗 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟏𝟒 𝑬𝟏 = 𝑬𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
[𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎]𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟏𝟒. 𝟓°) +
𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟓𝟏 𝒌= = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔
𝟏. 𝟒

𝒘 𝟏

𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟒𝑽𝒎 (𝒄𝒃 + 𝑭𝒕 )
𝑭𝒅 = 𝑭𝒕 +
(𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟒𝑽𝒎 ) + 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝒄𝒃 + 𝑭𝒕

𝒘 𝒅
𝒎 𝒎
𝑽𝒎 = 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒏 = 𝝅𝒅𝟏 𝒏𝟏 = 𝝅 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 × 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟗𝟓. 𝟖𝟒
𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝒄 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝟒𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝟒𝟐 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝑺𝑮 𝟖. 𝟓𝟑

𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒄𝒖𝒕 𝒈𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓° 𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉

𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝒄𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎𝒆 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔 𝑲𝒈𝒇/𝒄𝒎

(𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎 (𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝒕 = 𝑵. 𝒎 = × 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎
𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎 ) 𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎 ) 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏

(𝑷 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔) × 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝑴𝒕 = × 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎 = ×
𝟐𝝅(𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒑𝒎 ) 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝟐 × 𝝅 × 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏

𝑴𝒕 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎

[𝑴𝒕 ] = 𝑴𝒕 𝒌 𝒌𝒅 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟔 × 𝟏. 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟗 𝑲𝒈𝒇. 𝒄𝒎

[𝑴𝒕 ] 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟗 𝑲𝒈𝒇 − 𝒄𝒎

𝑭𝒕 = = = 𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟔𝑲𝒈𝒇
𝒅𝟏 𝟗𝒄𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟒𝑽𝒎 (𝒄𝒃 + 𝑭𝒕 )
𝑭𝑫 = 𝑭𝒕 +
(𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟒𝑽𝒎 ) + 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝒄𝒃 + 𝑭𝒕

⎡ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟒 × 𝟑𝟗𝟓. 𝟖𝟒 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔 𝑲𝒈𝒇 × 𝟓𝒄𝒎 + 𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 ⎤

⎢ 𝒄𝒎 ⎥
⇒ 𝑭𝑫 = 𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 + ⎢ ⎥
⎢(𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟒 × 𝟑𝟗𝟓. 𝟖𝟒) + 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟖. 𝟔 × 𝟓) + 𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟔⎥
⎣ ⎦
𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟎𝟒 × (𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟐𝟔)
⇒ 𝑭𝑫 = 𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 +
(𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟎𝟒) + 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓√𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟐𝟔

⇒ 𝑭𝑫 = 𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 + 𝟓𝟐𝟕. 𝟖 = 𝟗𝟗𝟑𝑲𝒈𝒇

𝒘 𝑫 𝟗𝟗𝟑𝑲𝒈𝒇 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒇𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒆.

𝑺𝒐 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒘 𝒃𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉

𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒓 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉

𝑭𝒘 ≥ 𝟗𝟗𝟑𝑲𝒈𝒇

𝒅𝟏 𝑸𝒌𝒃 ≥ 𝟗𝟗𝟑𝑲𝒈𝒇

𝒎 × 𝒁𝟏 × 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝒃 ≥ 𝟗𝟗𝟑𝑲𝒈𝒇

𝒎 × 𝒁𝟏 × 𝒃 ≥ 𝟏𝟒𝟗. 𝟏𝟐𝑲𝒈𝒇

Increase no teeth on pinion then calculate face width b which satisfies the
above equation

Taking m=0.5 cm and increasing Z1

𝑰𝒇 𝒁𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 > 𝟏𝟒. 𝟗𝟐𝒄𝒎

𝑰𝒇 𝒁𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 > 𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟑𝒄𝒎

𝑰𝒇 𝒁𝟏 = 𝟐𝟖 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 > 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝒄𝒎

Taking 𝒁𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎 and increasing Module m

𝑰𝒇 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 > 𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟑𝒄𝒎

 𝑰𝒇 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 > 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝒄𝒎

𝑰𝒇 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟖 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒃 > 𝟗. 𝟑𝟐𝟓𝒄𝒎

You can vary both 𝒁𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎 at a time and obtain face width

Out of these select any one and finalize specification m,Z 1, Z2, d1,d2,a,b etc