Module 1.final Na Gid Ni

MODULE 1
CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module you will be able to:
1. Identify the terms used in IT, computer software and

hardware.
2. Explain the use of computer applications for society and the
use of information networks within computing.
3. Discuss the impact that personal computers can have on
health, safety and legal aspects of using computers.
4. Apply the use of IT in everyday situations.
Duration Time: Week 1 to Week 3
INTRODUCTION
Information and Communication Technology’ (ICT) first appeared in
the mid-1980s and was defined as “All kinds of electronic systems
used for broadcasting telecommunications and mediated
communications”, with examples including personal computers, video
games, cell phones, internet, and electronic payment systems and
computer S/W etc. The ICT is made of computer and communication
technology. The computer technology is the tool for storing and
processing information in digital form while communication
technology helps us to transfer and disseminate digital information.
Additionally ICT means a variety of technological applications in the

process and communication of information. The word ICT is a
combination of two words information, communication & technology.
Information means knowledge and technology means the use of
computer & communication. The term ICT can be defined as “the
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integration of computing, networking, and information processing
technologies and their applications”
Thus, ICT means a combination of computer applications’ and

communication technology for gathering, processing, storing and
disseminating of Information.
Information Communication Technology is a common term referring

to the technologies used for collecting, storing, editing and
communicating information in various formats. ICT means the use of
computer-based technology and the Internet to make information and
communication services available in a wide range of users. ICT Isa
Hardware and Software that enable society to create, collect,
consolidate and communicate information in a multimedia format and
for various purposes. The term ICT includes any communication
device or application, encompassing, radio, TV, cellular phones,
computers and network, hardware and software, satellite systems and
so on, as well as the various services and application associated with
them. ICT is playing a vital role in the current and future development
of society and nation. ICT has affected all spheres of life and also the
library. Information and communication technology (ICT) is a diverse
set of technological tools and resources used to communicate and to
create, disseminate, store and manage information.
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are often

associated with the most sophisticated and expensive computer-
based technologies. ICTs are basically information-handling tools- a
varied set of goods, applications and services that are used to
produce, store, process, distribute and exchange information. ICT-
Information and Communication Technology is a varied collection
technological gear and resources which are made use of to
communicate. They make use of to generate, distribute, collect &
administer information. According to Anyakoha (1991), information
technology is “the use of manmade tools for the collection, generation,
communication, recording, re-management and exploitation of
information. It includes those applications and commodities, by which
information is transferred, recorded, edited, stored, manipulated or
disseminated”. ICT is a mean that has changed many aspects of the
way we live. ICT includes the computer hardware, software,
application of telecommunication technologies, and computer
networking.
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IT (Information Technology) encompasses all of the technology that
we use to collect, process, protect and store information. It refers to
hardware, software (computer programs), and computer networks.
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) this concept

involves transfer and use of all kinds of information. ICT is the
foundation of economy and a driving force of social changes in the
21st century. Distance is no longer an issue when it comes to
accessing information; for example, working-from-home, distance
learning, e-banking, and e-government are now possible from any
place with an Internet connection and a computing device.
LESSON 1. HARDWARE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson you will be able to:
1. Describe the different computer components.
2. Interpret computer devices in your daily life.
3. Differentiate the main computer parts.
HARDWARE BASICS
The concept of hardware includes computer components, the physical
and tangible parts of the computer, i.e., electrical, electronic and
mechanical parts which comprise a computer.
Computer working principle:
Input
System unit Output Device
Device
Computer working principle: data are entered into a computer via

input devices, then are processed and stored in a system unit, and are
finally displayed by the output device.
PERSONAL COMPUTER
Personal computer (PC), as the name suggests, is intended for
personal use, as opposed to the server, which is used by a larger
number of people simultaneously, from different locations, often via
terminals. If you do not intend to move your computer frequently
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from one place to another, and at the same time you want maximal
price/performance ratio, then you should use a desktop computer. In
comparison to laptops or tablet computers, it is much larger in size,
inconvenient to carry/move, consumes more electricity but has a
much better price/performance ratio. Also, they are much easier to
upgrade.
LAPTOP OR TABLET PC
Laptop or tablet PC is used by individuals who have the need to travel
with a computer or simply use them for aesthetic reasons when
computing power is not an issue. Laptop computers, as opposed to
tablet PCs, more closely resemble a personal computer when it comes
to data input. Data entry is done via keyboard and mouse, while the
tablet PC data entry is done via touch screen.
Unlike desktop computers, notebooks and tablet PCs are optimized

for portability, low power requirements at the expense of
performance and can be used (for a limited period of time-i.e. until the
batteries are depleted) without connection to the power grid. In order
to prepare a laptop or a tablet computer for use without a power
connection, it is necessary to recharge the batteries.
PORTABLE DIGITAL DEVICES

PDA-Personal Digital Assistant (PALM) is a convenient small sized
computer. It easily connects to mobile phones and can prove a good
solution for less demanding users. As the name suggests, it is a device
that fits in the user’s palm. Its name directly tells us that this
computer is more of an assistant and not a workstation-whose name
suggests the superiority in capabilities and computing power,
especially in comparison with PDA.
Mobile phone is a portable electronic device used for distant

communication. In recent years, mobile phone has evolved from
simple communication device into a multi-functional device.
Additional functions, such as short text messaging (SMS), electronic
mail, Internet access, contact registration, calculator, clock, alarm,
recording and photograph displaying, recording and playback of video
clips, sending/ receiving multimedia messages (MMS), audio
recording and playback, etc. has turned the mobile phone into an
extremely useful device, whose absence would make active
involvement and participation in a modern society not possible.
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Smartphone is a device that merges functionality of phones, PDAs,
cameras, camcorders and computers. To function properly, Smart
phones use operating systems, which are the basis for application
development. Some smart phones can be connected to an external
screen and keypad, which creates a working environment, similar to
that of a laptop or a desktop computer. Some operating systems for
Smartphone are: GoogleAndroid, Symbian, Blackberry, PalmPilot, and
WindowsPhone.
MAIN COMPUTER PARTS

As already stated, computer's functionality can be divided into:
Basic computer working principle: data is entered into a computer via

input devices, processed and stored in a system unit, and displayed by
the output device.
SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit (case) contains a computer's vital parts. There are
two basic types of cases:
 Desktop casing is placed on a desk in a horizontal orientation.
 Towers come in 3 sizes (mini-tower, mid-tower and full-tower) and
it is vertically orientated.
Motherboard, MBO is computer's basic circuit, to which all computer

components are connected, directly or indirectly. Devices are
connected to the motherboard through a system bus. System bus
connects all devices, ensures data flow and communication between
different devices using predefined protocols.
Protocol describes a manner in which communication between

devices is defined. It enables them to address each other and defines
how they should look for each other on either system bus or network.
Buses can, according to the purpose, be divided into:

 Serial-USB, Firewire, etc.
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 Parallel-AGP, PCI, etc.
 Mixed-Hyper Transport, InfiniBand, PCI, etc..
Central Processing Unit (CPU or processor) is a central part of a

computer (and can be referred to as the computer’s “brain”). It
manages all other computer parts, monitors their mutual
communication and performs arithmetic-logical operations. Processor
speed is measured in hertz (or megahertz or gigahertz). Most famous
manufacturers for personal computer processors are Intel and AMD.
Cache is a small capacity memory which allows quick access to data.

By storing data from working memory in cache, the speed of
communication between processor and RAM is increased.
Microprocessors use three levels of fast cache, L1, L2 and L3, used to
store often used data.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a place for permanent data storage (it does
not delete/clear when computer shuts down). Its features are: large
capacity, faster performance in comparison to optical devices but
slower in comparison to RAM and are used for permanent data
storage. We can distinguish between internal and external hard
drives.
Floppy Disk Drive is used for storing and reading data stored on a
floppy disk. Disk capacity is 1.44MB. Before memory stick and a wider
usage of CD recorders, it was used as data carrier. 'Modern memory
sticks have a memory capacity measured in GB while floppy disks only
have memory capacity of 1.44MB, indicating that floppy disks are
becoming obsolete.
CD-ROM drive is used for reading CD media.
DVD drive is used for reading DVD discs. DVD disc capacity ranges
from 4.7 to 18GB.
Soundcard is a device used for sound creation and production by

means of computer speakers.
Graphics card is responsible for image processing and displaying it

on a monitor. It has its own graphics processor and memory. Image
quality depends on the strength of these components.
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Modem enables computers to communicate via telephone lines. They
connect computers to the Internet.
Connectors or ports are slots visible in the back and the front side of
a computer.
COMMON INPUT /OUTPUT PORTS

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is used to connect various devices
(mouse, keyboard, USB memory).
Serial port is used for example in connecting a mouse (labeled COM1
or COM2).
Parallel port is used for connecting a local printer (LPT1 or LPT2).
Network port is used for connecting computers to a network.
Firewire is used for connecting computers and audio-video devices
(digital cameras, etc.).
MEMORY AND STORAGE DEVICES

ROM (Read Only Memory) is a type of permanent, internal memory
that is used solely for reading. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), a
program which is located in a separate ROM on the motherboard, and
defines, as the name suggests, basic input/output system, is a good
example
RAM (Random Access Memory) is a working memory in which

analyzed data and programs are stored, while computer runs. It
allows reading and writing data, and is deleted/cleared when the
computer shuts down.
Measurement units
Bit (binary digit) is the basic unit used to measure the amount of
information. A byte or octet contains eight bits.
1 KB (kilobyte)- 1024 B (approx. 1000 B)

1 MB (megabyte)- 1024 KB (approx. 1000 KB)
1 GB (gigabyte) -- 1024 MB (approx. 1000 MB)
1 TB (terabyte) – 1024 GB (approx. 1000 GB)
BASIC TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES

CD (Compact Disc) is an optical disc used for data storage. The
standard capacity of a CD is 700MB. CD-R is used for reading and
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writing data one-time-only, while CD-RW for reading and writing data
multiple times.
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) is an optical disc which is, due to the
larger capacity (about 4.7 GB), mostly used for video storage.
Blu-ray disc (BD) -It is the successor to DVD, is an optical disk

storage, it comes in different capacities, depending on how many
layers it has and the capacity of each layer. Currently, the capacity of
one layer is between 27 GB and 33 GB, while the overall capacity is
the product of the number of layers and capacity of each layer.
Memory card is a type of flash memory used to store data in digital

cameras, cell phones, MP3 players etc.
USB Stick is a data storage device. It features small dimensions,

relatively high capacity, reliability and speed. It belongs to the type of
flash memory that remembers data, even when not under voltage i.e.
they do not need electric power to maintain data integrity.
There is a difference between an internal hard disk drive, which is

embedded in the computer case, and an external hard disk drive,
which is connected to a computer by using an appropriate cable or
USB port, and is usually used to transfer data from one computer to
another or for backup.
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

Mouse is an input device that facilitates work with the graphical user
interface (GUI). The mouse transmits hand movements and the screen
displays the cursor (mouse pointer) movements. They are divided
into mechanical and optical (with respect to a transfer movement),
and wired and wireless (with respect to connection).
Trackball, unlike a mouse, is not movable. Hand movements are

transmitted to the screen by rolling the ball which is located on the
upperside of the device.
Keyboard is used for data entry and issuing commands. They can also
be wired or wireless.
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Scanner is used to load data (image, text, etc.) from the printed
material into a computer. The result of scanning is an image, but with
special programs, if we scan the text, we can get a text as a result.
Software used to recognize text from image is called a text recognition
tool.
Touchpad is used for transmission of hand movement, but unlike

working with a mouse, the user is the one who determines the
position of the cursor by touching the touchpad.
Lightpen enables handwriting on screen and can be used as a mouse.

It requires an appropriate monitor type.
Joystick: mainly used in computer games. Unlike a mouse, it has many

buttons which allow control over game objects.
Microphone is a device that converts sound into an electrical signal,

which can be stored on a computer. It is mainly used for recording
sound, communication between players in online games, in
combination with a web camera in video conferencing, for converting
voice into text on a computer (speech-to-text processing (e.g., textual
files or emails), etc.
Webcam is a camera that stores video signal in a format appropriate

for video transfer over the Internet in realtime.
Digital camera, unlike analog, stores photographs in digital format. It

can be directly connected to a computer and photographs can be
downloaded.
Photograph quality is expressed in megapixels. More megapixels

mean better quality of photograph, however more memory is
occupied.
OUTPUT DEVICES:
Monitor displays images from the computer, it enables us to see,
work and control computers. In other words, working on a computer
without a monitor would be inconceivable. Common types of
monitors, with regard to manufacturing technology, are the CRT and
LCD. CRT monitors have been present on the market for a long time,
and other technologies are pushing them out. They are based on
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cathode tube technology. LCD monitors use liquid crystal technology.
In comparison with CRT monitors, LCD monitors use less electrical
energy, do not emit radiation and their price is higher, however due to
smaller dimensions, more attractive design and a good picture quality,
they are pushing CRT monitors out of the market. Monitor size is
expressed by the size of screen diagonal and measured in inches ('').
Picture quality is expressed with the notion of resolution, which is a
number of horizontal and vertical dots (pixels) (e.g. 1920x1080).
Projector is a device used to project a computer image or other

images from independent devices, such as DVD players, Blu-ray
player, etc. onto canvas or a wall.
Printer is a device used for printing data from a computer onto a

paper. We distinguish between local printer (connected directly to the
computer) and network printer (connected directly to network using
a network card). Also, printers also differ according to print
technology: dot matrix, laser, inkjet, thermal printer and plotter.
Dot matrix printers are the oldest, with the lowest price of print per
paper, they are slow, make a lot of noise while printing, and are
mostly appropriate for printing text.
Laser printers are similar to photocopy devices when it comes to

technology. They have exceptional print quality, speed and are quiet.
Downsides of laser printers are their high price and high price of
toners.
Inkjet printers have a high print quality (somewhat lower in

comparison with laser printer), they are quiet while printing, and
have low initial investment. Ink price, especially color ink, can cost as
much as the printer itself. Printing technology is based on ink
dispersion from container onto paper.
Plotter is used for printing large drawings (up to A0). They are
extremely expensive and used only for professional purposes, such as
in designing firms for printing technical drawings (blueprints).
Thermal printer, as its name states, leaves a print on the paper by

utilizing heat. They use paper sensitive to heat, feature small
dimensions; they are quiet while printing and relatively cheap. They
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are usually used for printing receipts, and owing to that they are
called POS printer (printer of sale). Also, they are used as calculator
printers and due to their small dimensions, as portable printers.
LESSON 2. SOFTWARE
1. Understand the meaning of software.
2. Determine the different types of software.
3. Analyze Common utility software
Software is, unlike hardware, intangible part of the computer. It

consists of a sequence of commands, written according to strict rules.
Programs are written by programmers, in various programming
languages.
Software types:
Operating system is a program which manages computer hardware.
First computers did not have operating systems; they had programs
that were directly loaded into the computer (e.g. punch cards).
Today, computers have an operating system which loads into the

computer's memory during its startup. Computer functions are based
on its operating system. Within operating system, drivers
(responsible for the functioning of a computer) and various utility
programs (responsible for the functionality of a computer) are
installed.
The most famous operating systems are:

1. Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, Knoppix,...) - open source
software
2. Microsoft Windows (XP, Vista, 7,...) - proprietary software
3. Mac OS X (Cheetah, Panther, Snow Leopard,...) - proprietary
software
Application Software (Utility programs) are all programs that users

use to perform different tasks or for problem solving. Users, according
to his/her needs, install the appropriate utility software. Computer
functions and tasks that computers can perform are defined by the
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installed utility software. Utility software can often cost more than
computer hardware unless the software is open source.
Common utility softwares are:

Text processing software is used for creating and forming text
documents and nowadays, they can contain images, charts and tables.
Examples of such programs are OpenOffice.org Writer (open source
software) and MicrosoftWord (proprietary software).
Spreadsheet calculations software is used for performing various

calculations and presentation of results in charts. Examples of such
programs are OpenOffice.org Calc Writer (open source software) and
MicrosoftExcel (proprietary software).
Software for presentations is used to create professional

presentations that consist of slides with graphical and textual
elements. Such a presentation can afterwards be displayed as a "slide
show” by using a projector. Examples of such programs are
OpenOffice.org Impress (open source software) and
MicrosoftPowerPoint (proprietary software).
Common utility software installed on a computer:

 office programs
 OpenOffice.org, Microsoft Office
 antivirus programs
 Avira, Sophos, Kaspersky, Antivir etc.
 Internet browser: Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Opera, Safari etc.
 programs for image editing: Adobe Photoshop, Canvas, CorelDraw,
Draw etc.
LESSON 3. NETWORKS
1. Discuss computer networks and it’s different types of
networks.
2. Differentiate Internet, Intranet, and Extranet.
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Computer network is comprised of at least two, connected, by wire
or wireless, computers that can exchange data i.e. communicate.
There are many reasons for connecting computers into a network, and
some of them are:
 exchange of data between users that have network access,
 access to shared devices, such as network printers, network disks,
etc.,
 Enables user communication and socializing, etc.
Internet is the most famous and most widespread network with

nearly2 billion users and the number of users is still growing.
TYPES OF NETWORKS
Types of networks according to their size:
 LAN (Local Area Network) - a network that covers a relatively

small geographical area- it connects computers within a firm or
household by wire,
 WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) - a network that covers a
relatively small geographical area - it connects computers within a
firm or household wirelessly,
 WAN (Wide Area Network) - a network that covers a relatively
large geographical area - it connects a greater number of computers
and local networks.
Terms: client / server
Relationship client - server is defined in the following manner: client

sends requests and server responds to those requests. We can use
Internet as the best known example. User's computer, connected to
the Internet, sends requests to a certain web page (by entering page
address into the Internet browser Address bar), and the server
responds. Web page is loaded into the user's computer Internet
browser as a result of server response.
INTERNET, INTRANET, EXTRANET

Internet ("network of all networks") is a global system comprised
of interconnected computers and computer networks, which
communicate by means of using TCP/IP protocols. Although, in its
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beginnings, it emerged from the need for simple data exchange, today
it affects all domains of society.
For example:
 Economy: Internet banking (paying bills, transferring funds, access
to account, access to credit debt, etc.), electronic trading (stocks,
various goods, intellectual services, etc), etc.
 Socializing: social networks, forums...
 Information: news portals, blogs etc.
 Healthcare: diagnosing disease, medical examinations (for people
living on an island or in other remote places, some examinations, that
require a specialist, can be done remotely), making appointments for
medical examinations, the exchange of medical data between
hospitals and institutes, surgery and remote surgery monitoring
 Education: online universities with webinars (web + seminar),
websites with tutorials, expert advice, Ideas Worth Spreading
Internet really does have many applications and a huge social impact.
Perhaps the most important trait is information exchange, because
information exchange among people enables collaboration,
collaboration of like-minded people leads to ideas and actions in real
life, and coordinated actions of people results in social change.
Intranet is a private network of an organization to which only

authorized employees have access (login and password).
Extranet is part of Intranet, to which independent collaborators have

access.
LESSON 4. ICT IN EVERYDAY LIFE

1. Determine internet services.
2. Understand e-learning, and teleworking.
3. Describe E-MAIL, IM, VOIP, RSS, Blog, and Podcast
The acronym ICT (Information and Communication Technology)

includes all technical means that are used for handling information
and facilitating communication, including computers, network
hardware, communication lines and all the necessary software. In
other words, ICT is comprised of information technology, telephony,
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electronic media, and all types of process and transfer of audio and
video signals, and all control and managing functions based on
network technologies.
INTERNETSERVICES
E-commerce is a form of trade that allows customers to browse and
purchase products online.
E-banking allows users to have control over their accounts (view

balances and transactions), transactions from one account to another,
credit payment, shopping vouchers for mobile phones etc. The
benefits are saving time (which would otherwise be spent waiting in
lines), lower service fees, and access from anywhere, anytime.
E-government-use of information technology to provide better public

access to government information (www.vlada.hr-
GovernmentToCitizens, G2C), therefore providing citizens with their
human right to information.
E-LEARNING
E-learning consists of all forms of learning and/or knowledge
transfer that are based on electronic technologies. This term will
mostly be used to describe learning and/or dissemination of
knowledge without direct teacher-student contact, while using ICT
technology.
Advantages of e-learning greatly coincide with learning from books,

with a difference that the books come only in text and graphic form on
paper, while e-learning materials have multimedia features, and the
ability to remotely monitor
lectures in real-time. To illustrate, physicians can observe medical
procedures that are currently taking place in another hospital;
students can attend classes that are currently taking place at another
university.
Some of the advantages for students:

 adaptive time, place and pace of learning
 access and availability of education
 unlimited repetition of lectures
 reduced cost of education
 multimedia environment(video, audio, text)\
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TELEWORKING
Some of the factors that determine teleworking are: quality of IT
infrastructure, good computer literacy, type of work that can be done
from any place with a computer equipped with necessary programs,
employees with a professional attitude towards work, organization of
work adapted to this operation mode, etc.
E-MAIL, IM, VOIP, RSS, BLOG, PODCAST

E-mail is the transmission of text messages via Internet. Using
attachment, users can exchange files like images, multimedia,
documents, etc. E-mail addresses consist of a username, @ sign ("at")
and a domain name, e.g. mark.marich@ITdesk.info, where
“mark.marich” is the username and “ITdesk.info” is the domain name.
IM (Instant Messaging) service is used for instant message exchange

and real time communication. Besides textual communication and
video conferencing, they allow file transfer as well. Some of the
popular IM services are: WindowsLiveMessenger, Skype, and
GoogleTalk.
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a term for technology that

enables digitalization and transfer of sound (and multimedia
sessions) over the Internet. Therefore, it enables sound
communication much like the telephone call. In short, VoIP protocol
enables audio/video communication between users.
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a set of web formats, used by

web pages that are being constantly updated, considering that by
using RSS, new information, articles, etc. can be published. RSS
enables us to, with use of appropriate software, read new titles and
access news summaries. Users can, with appropriate software, obtain
news from various portals and receive information without the need
to visit all of them independently, while publishers can distribute
news easily to end-users who are monitoring their RSS feeds/channel.
Blog (web log) is a form of Internet media in which users can re-post
or write their opinion on any topic. It can be personal (a form of
Internet diary), thematic, or in the form of journals. Blogs are popular
because end-users do not need to have advanced computer
knowledge, or knowledge of webpage creation, in order to be present
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on the Internet and write about various topics, i.e. state their opinion.
Blogging has greatly facilitated the exchange of interests, ideas,
opinions, and contributed to realization of human right to free
expression. Some use blogs to share their art, personal aesthetic, or to
collect virtual clippings from websites online.
Entries published on blogs are called posts, which may allow a space
below for visitors to leave their comments. Besides text, it is possible
to exchange multimedia files, such as photos or videos. In order to
share your texts, pictures, video clips, etc., it is necessary to create a
personal account on websites that offer this type of service. In case
you simply wish to browse the content, it is not necessary to open a
personal account.
Podcast (POD - Personal On Demand+ Broadcast) is a digital file

containing audio or video content. It is distributed over the Internet
using RSS technology.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES/ ASSESSMENTS
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EXERCISE 1- IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Read the following questions carefully and answer the best
in your ability. Avoid erasures as you can.
A. Identification
Direction: Identify the correct answer of the following questions.
_____________ 1. It is intended for personal use, as opposed to the server,
which is used by a larger number of people simultaneously, from
different locations, often via terminals.
______________2. It is used by individuals who have the need to travel
with a computer or simply use them for aesthetic reasons when
computing power is not an issue.
______________3. A convenient small sized computer. It easily connects
to mobile phones and can prove a good solution for less demanding
users.
______________4. A portable electronic device used for distant
communication. In recent years, mobile phone has evolved from
simple communication device into a multi-functional device.
______________5. A device that merges functionality of phones, PDAs,
cameras, camcorders and computers.
______________6. A. program which manages computer hardware.
______________7. It consists of a sequence of commands, written
according to strict rules.
______________8. A Software used to create professional presentations
that consist of slides with graphical and textual elements. Such a
presentation can afterwards be displayed as a "slide show” by using a
projector.
______________9. Software used for performing various calculations and
presentation of results in charts.
______________10.It is used for creating and forming text documents and
nowadays, they can contain images, charts and tables.
EXERCISE 2- ESSAY
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Direction: Discuss the following with the best of your ability.
Minimum of five sentences.
GRADING RUBRIC:
 No answer (0 pts)
 Was able to cite one or two correct answer or example (1-3 pts)
 Was able to cite three or four correct answers or example (4-7 pts)
 Has written the correct answer in an organize manner (8-10)
1. As already stated in your module, computer's functionality can

be divided into input, output and storage devices; what are the
differences of the main computer devices?
2. What is software? Give examples of software and explain how
it works.
3. Determine the different types of software.
4. What is the common utility software? How important it is in
your daily life?
5. Explain computer networks and it’s different types of
networks.
6. Differentiate Internet, Intranet, and Extranet.
EXERCISE 3- TRUE OR FALSE

Direction: Identify if the following statement. Write the word TRUE if
the statement is corrects and FALSE if it’s wrong.
________1. Blog (web log)) is a digital file containing audio or video

content. It is distributed over the Internet using RSS technology.
________2. RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a set of web formats, used
by web pages that are being constantly updated, considering that by
using RSS, new information, articles, etc. can be published.
________3. Some of the popular IM services are:
WindowsLiveMessenger, Skype, and GoogleTalk.
________4. E-mail addresses consist of a username, @ sign ("at") and a
domain name, e.g. mark.marich@ITdesk.info, where “mark.marich” is
the username and “ITdesk.info” is the domain name.
________5..E-banking is a form of trade that allows customers to browse
and purchase products online.
MODULE 2
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USING THE COMPUTER AND MANAGING FILES
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module you will be able to:
1. Discuss the main action using computer.

2. Identify the basic concepts of managing your files in the
computer.
3. Understand viruses and anti-virus software
INTRODUCTION
In this module, we will look at what an operating system is and why it
is important in managing programs. We will also look at how to best
manage files and which operating utilities you can use to improve
performance. Finally, we will look at some of the factors that may
decrease a computer’s performance, as well as some potential
solutions.
LESSON 1: OPERATING SYSTEM – OS

1. Recognize some terms with regards in operating system.
2. Discuss the proper shutting on and shutting down of a
computer.
3. Outline some management using control panel.
MAIN ACTIONS
Turn on your computer
 The computer turns on by pressing the power button which is
located on the computer case.
 If necessary, enter the username and password
The proper procedure for restarting the computer:
The Start menu is the starting point of the system. Through this menu
you can access programs, open frequently used folders, configure
settings on the computer, access the Help function, shut down the
computer, log off from Windows, and so on.
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The system can be restarted via Start menu: click the arrow next to
the Shut Down button and then select the Restart command.
Fig. 2. Computer Restart
Fig. 3. Windows Task Manager

Shutting down a non- responding application (End Task)
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If the application "freezes" and stops responding, the situation, in
most cases, can be solved by pressing the key combination Ctrl + Alt +
Del. Pressing these keys will open the Windows Task Manager. To
close an application that does not respond, select it and press the End
Task button
The Reset button is used when the computer does not respond to our
instructions ("freezes” or “locks up"). The Reset button is usually the
button below the Start button on the computer case. After you have
pressed it, the computer shuts down and immediately starts again.
Fig. 4. Shutting down
Correct procedure for turning off the computer: The computer shuts
down via Start menu, by clicking the Shut Down button.
Desktop Background
The appearance of your desktop background can be changed in the
following manner: position your cursor over the desktop, press the
right mouse button and select the command Personalize from the
pop-up menu. In the opened window, click on Desktop Background
and choose from any of the listed files, or click the Browse button and
choose another image stored on the computer. It is also possible to
select multiple background images that, in a given period of time,
change on the screen, similar to screen saver. Just mark the images
you want to display and then in the drop-down menu Change picture
every, select the change interval.
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Screen Saver
To set the Screen Saver, position the cursor over the desktop and
press the right mouse button (the desktop context menu or pop-up
menu will open), and choose the option Personalize. In the opened
window select the Screen Saver icon.
Control Panel
The Control Panel is a special folder in which you can adjust the
system settings through various system setting options (install and
uninstall programs, adjust the keyboard, mouse, sound and so on)
which can be viewed by category or in the form of small/large icons.
Program management Installing new programs:

 From CD, DVD, Internet, network
 When installing from a CD or a DVD, in most cases a dialog box will
automatically open up from which the Run AutoRun.exe option can be
selected to start the Setup Wizard.
 If the installation of the program does not start automatically, you
can start the installation manually by double-clicking on the file
typically called Setup.exe or Install.exe.
 After the Wizard installation has started, follow instructions and go

to next steps by pressing the Next, Yes, and other such buttons. You
will usually have to accept license terms, choose a location where the
program will be installed, possibly choose components of the program
you want to install etc. At the end press the Finish or Close button.
Uninstalling the programs

In the Control Panel, click on the Programs and Features icon, choose
the software you want to uninstall and click the Uninstall button
Using the «print screen» key on the keyboard

By pressing the Print Screen key, the image currently on the screen is
temporarily stored in the buffer (clipboard). To see the image and edit
it, open any software for image editing like the Paint program and
simultaneously press the Ctrl and V keys on the keyboard in order to
paste the image in the imaging software. If you want to capture only
active windows, use the keyboard key combination Alt + Print Screen
and the rest of the process is the same. The Paint program comes with
windows and can be accessed via Start  All Programs  Accessories 
Paint.
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ICONS
Icons are small pictures (pictograms) on a computer screen and they
all represent programs, folders, files and shortcuts.
A double-click on a program icon will start the appropriate program.

A double-click on the folder icon will open a window that shows files
and folders contained in that folder.
A double-click on the file icon will start the appropriate program and
open that file in the appropriate program.
Shortcuts are files that point to other programs, program files or

folders found somewhere on the computer.
A double-click on the shortcut icon will start either the appropriate
program, or the appropriate file and corresponding program, or
appropriate folder.
LESSON 2: WORKING WITH FILES
1. Identify the basic concepts of managing your files in the
computer.
2. Outline File extensions of some frequently used files.
BASIC CONCEPTS
A File is a set of digital data. Each file has a name, an icon (assigned by
the operating system) and an extension. Files are placed within
folders (for easier reference). To browse computers for files and
folders we use Windows Explorer. It displays a hierarchical view of
folders and files.
There are four types of libraries:

 The Documents library – this library is used for organizing and
saving documents (text files, workbooks, presentations etc.)
 The Pictures library – it is used for organizing and saving pictures
 The Music library – it is used for organizing and saving music
 The Videos library – it is used for organizing and saving video
materials
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Each file and folder has its path – an address of its location.
Fig.5 Window’s Explorer Library
Each file and folder has its path – an address of its location.
Fig.6 Address bar - path to the folder Sample Music
Create a new folder in the Music library:

 open Windows Explorer
 open the Music library
 press the New Folder button on the toolbar
 enter a name for this folder
Fig.7 Create a new folder
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Storage devices and hierarchical display of files and folders.
Each device has an icon, name and letter in the parentheses (A, B, C, D,
E,...) There can be one or more Hard Disk Drives on the computer, or
there can be one HDD divided into partitions.
Data storage devices are:
 Floppy Disk
 Hard Disk – the device for permanent storage
 Network Drive – the hard drive that can be accessed through the
network
o to access it open the folder My Network Places
 USB stick
 CD-RW (Compact Disc Re-Writable)
 DVD-RW (Digital Versatile Disc Re-Writable)
Measurement unit, size of files and folders: KB, MB, GB

1 KB (kilobyte) - 1024 bytes
1 MB (megabyte) - 1024 kilobytes
1 GB (gigabyte) - 1024 megabytes
FILES AND FOLDERS

Folder properties dialog box
Click the right mouse button over the folder and choose the Properties
command from the quick menu. In the opened dialog box under the
tab General you can find information about the name, size and
location of the folder.
Manipulating window size Sometimes when the window is not

maximized you can’t see all the information about the devices, folders
or files. You can use vertical and / or horizontal sliders to slide
through and see complete contents of the window. You can also
customize the window size (height and / or length) so that the entire
content is visible. To adjust the window size place the cursor (mouse
pointer) over the edge of a window and when the mouse pointer
changes shape, press and hold the left mouse button, drag the edge of
the window, and release the left mouse button. Changing height and
width of the window simultaneously can be done by positioning the
mouse pointer over any corner of the window and using the method
“drag-and-drop” to achieve the desired window size.
Using Windows Explorer
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Navigation pane (left side of the window) - displays the entire
folder structure. To expand maps press ; folders with are already
expanded. If you wish to see the contents of a certain folder, select it
in the left pane, and in the right part of the window the folder content
will be displayed. You can also navigate through folders displayed in
the right part of the window using the left mouse button, double click
and address bar.
Creating a folder and subfolder

To create folders on the desktop: press the right mouse button on the
desktop and from the popup menu choose the commands New →
Folder → enter name →press Enter key.
8
To create a subfolder using Windows Explorer: in the navigation pane,
select the folder you want to create a subfolder in; and on the toolbar,
choose: New Folder → enter name → press Enter key, or press the
right mouse button in the right part of the window and choose: New
→ Folder → enter name →press Enter key
WORKING WITH FILES

A file is defined by a name and an extension. The extension indicates
the file type (text, multimedia etc.) and tells the computer which
application is appropriate for that file type.
File extensions of some frequently used files are:

 .exe – executable files
 .sys, .dll - system files
 .tmp, .temp – temporary files
 .rar, .zip, .7z – compressed files
 .jpg, .jpeg, .gif, .png– image files
 .mp3, .wav, .wma– audio files
 .avi, .wmv, .mpg, .mp4 – multimedia files
 .txt, .odt, .doc, .docx – text files
 .ods, .xls, .xlsx – spreadsheet files
 .odp, .ppt, .pptx – presentation files
 .dbf, .mdb, .accdb – database files
 .pdf – (Portable Document Format)
 .htm, .html, .asp, .aspx, .php – web pages
NOTEPAD
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The Notepad is a simple text editor with
limited options for text formatting.
The Notepad can be accessed via

Start menu and then clicking on
All Programs → Accessories → Notepad.
Fig. 8. Notepad
RENAMING FILES AND FOLDERS
Renaming a file/folder:
 right-click on the file/folder and from the pop-up menu, select the
Rename command.
 Type in the new name and press the left mouse button next to the
icon or just press Enter.
 select the file/folder and press F2
 select the file/folder and after a few moments press the left mouse
button
ACTIONS WITH FILES AND FOLDERS

Select files or folders
Select files/folders with a left-click of your mouse.
If you want to select consecutive files/folders:

 press and hold down the left mouse button, drag the mouse over the
files or folders until the group of files/folders is highlighted, or
 for selecting consecutive files/folders, select the first file with a left-
click, hold down the Shift key and select the last consecutive file or
folder with the left mouse button. All files or folders in between will
be selected, or
 for selecting non-consecutive files or folders, select the first file with
a left-click, hold down the Ctrl key and then select other files one by
one. After you have selected all of the desired files, release the Ctrl
key.
To select all files in a specific folder: Click Edit on toolbar and then
click on Select All, or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A.
To copy files / folders, open Windows Explorer and:
 in the navigation pane find and select the file/folder you want to
copy
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 right-click on the file/folder and from the pop-up menu, choose
Copy (Ctrl + C)
 via navigation pane find and select the folder you want to copy the
file or folder into
 right-click on that particular folder and from the pop-up menu,
choose Paste (Ctrl + V)
Copying using the drag-and-drop method:
 select the file/folder you want to copy
 over the selected file/folder, press and hold down the left mouse
button, and then press
 and hold down the Ctrl button
 drag the mouse pointer (with file or folder) to a new location
 Release the mouse button prior to releasing the Ctrl key. The file or
folder will be pasted to the new location.
To move files or folders open Windows Explorer and:
 in the navigation pane find and select the file/folder you want to
move
 right-click on the file/folder and from the pop-up menu, choose Cut
(Ctrl +X)
 via navigation pane find and select the folder you want to copy the
file or folder into
 right-click on that particular folder and from the pop-up menu,
choose Paste (Ctrl + V)
To move files/folders via the drag-and-drop method use the same

steps as for copying, except without using the Ctrl key.
Delete files and folders by moving them into the Recycle Bin:
via Windows Explorer:
 in the navigation pane select the location the files/folders you want
to delete are in, then in the right window select the files/folders you
want to delete and from the Organize menu on the toolbar, choose
Delete , or
 press the right mouse button over the file/folder and from the pop-
up menu, choose Delete
 select the file/folder you want to delete and press the Delete key
 via the drag-and-drop method (on the Desktop):
 Press and hold down the left mouse button over the
file/folder/shortcut you want to delete, then drag the mouse cursor to
the Recycle Bin and release the mouse button.
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To Restore deleted items from the Recycle Bin:
Deleted items (files/folders/shortcuts) can be restored from the
Recycle Bin to their original location on the computer prior to
deletion. After opening the Recycle Bin (by double-clicking on the
Recycle Bin icon) use the following commands on the toolbar:
Restore all items – restores all items from the Recycle Bin to their
original location on the computer.
Restore this item – to make this command available, first select the
file/folder you want to restore
Empty the Recycle Bin

 via Recycle Bin window toolbar – the Empty the Recycle Bin
command permanently deletes files/folders from the computer, or
 right-click on the Recycle Bin icon found on the desktop and from
the pop-up menu, choose the Empty Recycle Bin command
LESSON 3: VIRUSES AND ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE

1. Understand virus and anti-viruses.
2. Discuss printing management.
VIRUS
A virus is a malicious program with the possibility of auto-replication.
It searches for files within the computer trying to infect them, and its
ultimate goal is to spread to other computers. Depending on what
malicious code it contains, it can cause more or less damage to your
computer. Viruses are usually spread by e-mail attachments, infected
files on removable media etc.
Antivirus software (Norton, McAfee, Sophos etc.) is used to find

and remove malicious software. Antivirus software needs to be
updated regularly (it is best to set it to update automatically when
connected). If you do not do so, your antivirus program becomes
useless because it cannot detect new types of malware.
There is generally an icon of the installed antivirus program on the

taskbar and also in the notification area: right-click on this icon and
you will see the option for Update.
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MANAGING PRINTING
Select a printer from the list of installed printers found in the Start
menu → Devices and Printers.
If there are multiple printers, only one is set to default which is
automatically used for printing unless specified otherwise. You can
change the default printer via Start menu → Devices and Printers.
Select the printer you want to set as default printer and right-click on
it, and from the pop-up menu, select the Set as default printer
command.
Install/add a new printer to the computer:

 via Start menu → Devices and Printers - on the command bar,
choose Add a printer
 use the installation CD provided with the printer when it was
purchased
Print a text document from a word processing software:
From the File menu, select the Print command. Once you've set the
print options (number of copies, print certain pages, and so on), press
the OK button.
Controlling the printing process:

If you want to check what is currently in print, from the Start menu
select Devices and Printers and right-click on the printer icon, and
from the pop-up menu, select the See what's printing command.
To stop the current document from printing, right-click over the

document name in queue, and from the pop-up menu, select the Pause
command. To continue printing the document, choose the Resume
command. If you want to stop printing the document – in the pop-up
menu, click on the Cancel command and confirm the action by clicking
the Yes button.
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EXERCISE 1- IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Read the following questions carefully and answer the best
in your ability. Avoid erasures as you can.
A. Identification
Direction: Identify the correct answer of the following questions.
_____________ 1. A malicious program with the possibility of auto-

replication. It searches for files within the computer trying to infect
them, and its ultimate goal is to spread to other computers.
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______________2. It is used to find and remove malicious software. It
needs to be updated regularly (it is best to set it to update
automatically when connected).
______________3. A simple text editor with limited options for text
formatting.
______________4. A set of digital data. Each file has a name, an icon
(assigned by the operating system) and an extension.
______________5. This library is used for organizing and saving
documents (text files, workbooks, presentations etc.)
______________6. It is used for organizing and saving pictures.
_______________7. It is used for organizing and saving music.
_______________8. It is used for organizing and saving video materials.
_______________9. This are small pictures (pictograms) on a computer
screen and they all represent programs, folders, files and shortcuts.
______________10. It is a special folder in which you can adjust the
system settings through various system setting options (install and
uninstall programs, adjust the keyboard, mouse, sound and so on)
which can be viewed by category or in the form of small/large icons.
EXERCISE 2- ESSAY
Direction: Discuss the following with the best of your ability.
Minimum of five sentences.
GRADING RUBRIC:
1. Discuss the proper shutting on and shutting down of a

computer.
2. Outline some management using control panel.
3. Explain the printing process.
33
4. Outline File extensions of some frequently used files.
5. Explain what operating system is.
MODULE 3
WORD PROCESSING
OBJECTIVES:
1. Determine concepts in creating Microsoft word.
2. Identify the MS Word windows.
3. Execute Microsoft Word in a computer.
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INTRODUCTION
Microsoft Word is the most popular word processing software used
today. A word processor is essentially a computerized version of the
standard typewriter. However, the computer adds features like spell
check, the ability to save and store documents, copy and paste
functions, the ability to add images and shapes to documents, and
many more.
LESSON 1: CREATING A DOCUMENT

1. Plan a document
2. Identify the components of the Word window
3. Set up the Word window
4. Create a new document
Microsoft Office Word 2007 (or simply Word) is a popular word-

processing program
The most efficient way to produce a document is to follow these four
steps:
 Planning
 Creating and editing
 Formatting
 Printing or distributing online.
35
Opening a New Document
 Click the Office Button in the upper-left corner of the Word window
and view the menu of commands that opens
 Click New
 Verify that the Blank document option is selected (that is,
highlighted in orange), and then click the Create button at the bottom
of the dialog box
 Opening a New Document
 Selecting Print Layout View
 You can use the View buttons in the lower-right corner of the Word
window to change the way your document is displayed
Displaying the Rulers

 Click the View tab
 In the Show/Hide group, click the Ruler check box to display a
checkmark
Displaying Nonprinting Characters

Nonprinting characters are symbols that appear on the screen but
are not visible on the printed page
In the Paragraph group on the Home tab, click the Show/Hide ¶
button
Checking the Font and Font Size

The term font refers to the shape of the characters in a document
Font size refers to the size of the characters
Checking the Zoom Setting
Zoom level controls the document’s on-screen magnification
Setting the Zoom level to Page Width shows the entire width of the
document on your screen
Saving a Document for the First Time

 Click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar
 Type a name in the File name text box
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 Click the Save in list arrow, and then select the location where
you want to save the file
 Click the Save button at the bottom of the Save As Dialog box
Scrolling a Document
 Moving the Insertion Point around a Document
 To change the location in the document when you type, you
need to move the insertion point
Using the Undo and Redo Commands

 To undo (or reverse) the last thing you did in a document, you
can click the Undo button on the Quick Access Toolbar
 If you want to restore your original change, the Redo button
reverses the action of the Undo button (or redoes the undo)
Correcting Errors
 If you notice a typing error as soon as you make it, you can
press the Backspace key
AutoCorrect automatically corrects common typing errors, such as
typing “adn” for “and”
Word’s spelling checker continually checks your document against
Word’s built-in dictionary
 Before you can practice using AutoCorrect and the spelling checker,
you need to verify that you have the correct settings in the Word
Options dialog box
CORRECTING SPELLING ERRORS

Inserting a Date with AutoComplete
Word’s AutoComplete feature automatically inserts dates and other
regularly used items for you
Understanding Line and Paragraph Spacing

Line spacing determines the amount of space between lines of text
within a paragraph
Paragraph spacing determines the amount of space before and after
a paragraph
Paragraph spacing is measured in points
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A point is approximately 1⁄72 of an inch
Selecting Parts of a Document

With the mouse you can quickly select a line or paragraph by clicking
the selection bar
Adjusting Paragraph and Line Spacing

The quickest method to adjust paragraph and line spacing is to click
the Line spacing button in the Paragraph group on the Home tab
Previewing and Printing a Document

 To avoid wasting paper and time, you should first display your
document in the Print Preview window
 Click the Office Button , point to Print, and then click Print
Preview
 To print your document, click the Office Button , and then
click Print
 Verify settings in the Print dialog box, and then click the OK
button
LESSON 2: EDITING AND FORMATTING A DOCUMENT

1. Select and delete text
2. Move text within a document
3. Find and replace text
4. Change margins
5. Change alignment and paragraph indents
6. Copy formatting with the Format Painter
7. Emphasize points with bullets, numbering, bold, and italic
8. Change fonts and adjust font sizes
9. Change the document theme
Cutting or Copying and Pasting Text

 The key to cutting and pasting is the Clipboard, a temporary
storage area on your computer that holds text or graphics until you
need them
 Select the text or graphics you want to cut or copy
 To remove the text or graphics, click the Cut button on the Home
tab, or to copy, click the Copy button on the Home tab
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 Move the insertion point to the target location in the document
 Click the Paste button on the Home tab
Finding and Replacing Text

 When you’re working with a longer document, the quickest and
easiest way to locate a particular character, word, or phrase is to use
the Find and Replace dialog box
 Click either the Find button or the Replace button on the Home tab
 Click the More button to expand the dialog box to display additional
options, including the Find whole words only option. If you see the
Less button, the additional options are already displayed
 In the Search list box, select Down if you want to search from the
insertion point to the end of the document, select Up if you want to
search from the insertion point to the beginning of the document, or
select All to search the entire document
 Type the characters you want to find in the Find what text box
 If you are replacing text, type the replacement text in the Replace
with text box
Changing Margins for a Document

 Make sure no text is selected, and then, in the Page Setup group on
the Page Layout tab, click the Dialog Box Launcher. If necessary, click
the Margins tab to display the margin settings
 Use the arrows to change the settings in the Top, Bottom, Left, or
Right text boxes, or type a new margin value in each text box
 Make sure the Apply to list box displays Whole document
 Click the OK button
 To choose from groups of predefined margin settings, click the Page
Layout tab on the Ribbon, and then click the Margins button. In the
Margins menu, click the group of margin settings that is appropriate
for your document
Aligning Text
 The term alignment refers to the way a paragraph lines up
horizontally between the margins.
Indenting a Paragraph
 When you indent a paragraph, you move the entire paragraph to
the right
– Indent markers show the paragraph’s current indent settings
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– In a Hanging indent, all lines except the first line of the paragraph
are indented from the left margin
– In a Right indent, all lines of the paragraph are indented from the
right margin.
Using the Format Painter

 The Format Painter makes it easy to copy all the formatting
features of one paragraph to other paragraphs
 Select the text whose formatting you want to copy. If you are trying
to copy the formatting of an entire paragraph, you can just click
anywhere in the paragraph
 To copy formatting to one item, click the Format Painter button in
the Clipboard group on the Home tab, and then select the text you
want to format, or click anywhere in the paragraph you want to
format
 To copy formatting to multiple items, double-click the Format
Painter button in the Clipboard group on the Home tab, and then
select, one by one, each text item you want to format, or click
anywhere in each paragraph you want to format. When you are
finished, click the Format Painter button again to deselect it
Adding Bullets and Numbers

You can emphasize a list of items by adding a heavy dot, or bullet,
before each item in the list
– Much easier to read and follow than lists that do not have bullets
Emphasizing Text Using Bold and Italic

• You can emphasize text by formatting it with bold, underline, or
italic
• These buttons, which are on the Home tab, are toggle buttons
Helpful Keyboard Shortcuts
For common tasks, such as applying bold and italics, it’s often faster to
use a keyboard shortcut
 Bold selected text: Ctrl+B
 Italicize selected text: Ctrl+I
 Underline selected text: Ctrl+U
 Single-space lines within paragraph that currently contains the
insertion point: Ctrl+1
 Double-space lines within paragraph that currently contains the
insertion point: Ctrl+2
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 Select entire document: Ctrl+A
 Cut selected text: Ctrl+X
 Copy selected text to Clipboard: Ctrl+C
 Paste most recently copied item at location of insertion point: Ctrl+V
 Undo your most recent action: Ctrl+Z
 You can also save time by using KeyTips, sometimes called access
keys, to select buttons and commands
Working with Themes and Fonts

 The document theme controls the variety of fonts, colors, and other
visual effects available to you as you format a document
 To apply a font, select the text you want to format, then in the Font
group on the Home tab, click the Font arrow, and click the font you
want
Changing the Document’s Theme

 Each document theme is designed to convey a specific look and feel
 Click the Page Layout tab, and then click the Themes button
LESSON 3: CREATING A MULTIPLE-PAGE REPORT

1. Format headings with Quick Styles
2. Insert a manual page break
3. Create and edit a table
4. Sort rows in a table
5. Modify a table’s structure
6. Format a table
7. Create a SmartArt graphic
Formatting Headings with Quick Styles

• Quick Styles allow you to apply an entire set of formatting choices
with one click
– Paragraph-level formatting (formats an entire paragraph)
– Character-level formatting (formats only a few characters or
words)
Inserting a Manual Page Break

• A manual page break is one you insert at a specific location; it
doesn’t matter if the previous page is full or not
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• You insert a manual page break by clicking the Page Break button on
the Insert tab or by holding down the Ctrl key and pressing the Enter
key
• Organizing Information in Tables
• A table is information arranged in horizontal rows and vertical
columns
• When you first insert a table into a document, it appears as a simple
grid structure, with black gridlines defining the rows and columns
• The area where a row and column intersect is called a cell
Inserting a Blank Table

• Make sure the Insert tab is displayed and then, in the Tables group,
click the Table button
Selecting Part of a Table

 As you have learned, you can select the entire table by clicking the
Table Move handle
 To select part of a table, you can drag the mouse pointer, just as you
would to select regular text in a document
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Sorting Rows in a Table
 The term sort refers to the process of rearranging information in
alphabetical, numerical, or chronological order
 Format the column headers in bold, and then select the entire table
 In the Data group on the Table Tools Layout tab, click the Sort
button
 In the Sort dialog box, click the Sort by arrow, and then select the
header for the column you want to sort by. For example, if you want to
organize the rows in the table according to the contents of the Last
Name column, click “Last Name”
 In the Type list box located to the right of the Sort by list box, select
the type of information stored in the column you want to sort by. You
can choose to sort text, dates, or numbers
Sorting Rows in a Table

 To sort in alphabetical, chronological, or numerical order, click the
Ascending option button. To sort in reverse order, click the
Descending option button
 If you also want to sort by a second column, click the Then by arrow
and click a column header. This is useful if, for example, you want to
organize the table rows by last name, and then, within each last name,
by first name.
 You can also specify the type of information in the Then by column,
and whether you want to sort in ascending or descending order
 Make sure the Header row option button is selected. This tells Word
that the table you want to sort includes a header row that should not
be sorted along with the other rows
 Click the OK button
43
Inserting Rows and Columns in a Table
• You will often need to modify a table structure by adding or deleting
rows and columns using the Table Tools Layout tab
Formatting a Table with a Built-In Table Style

 Click in the table you want to format, and then click the Table Tools
Design tab
 In the Table Styles group, click the More button to display the Table
Styles gallery
 Position the mouse pointer over a style in the Table Styles gallery to
see a live preview of the style in the document
 In the Table Styles gallery, click the style you want
44
 To apply or remove style elements (such as special formatting for
the header row, banded rows, or banded columns), select or deselect
check boxes as necessary in the Table Style Options group
Setting Tab Stops

 A tab stop (often called just a tab) is a location on the horizontal
ruler where the insertion point moves when you press the Tab key
 To set a tab stop, click the tab alignment selector on the far left of
the horizontal ruler until the appropriate tab stop alignment style
appears, and then click the horizontal ruler where you want to
position the tab stop. Press the Tab key to move the insertion point to
the new tab stop
 To align columns as you type, set tab stops on the horizontal ruler
(as described in the preceding bullet), type text in the first column,
press the Tab key, and then type text at the next tab stop. Continue in
this way until you finish typing the first row, with an entry in each
column. Then press the Enter key and begin typing the next row
 To align text that already contains a nonprinting tab character,
select the text and then insert a tab stop on the horizontal ruler
 To remove a tab stop, locate it on the ruler, click it, and drag it off
the ruler (into the document window)
45
Creating Footnotes and Endnotes
A footnote is an explanatory comment or reference that appears at
the bottom of a page
Endnotes are similar, except that the text of an endnote appears at

the end of a document
 To create a footnote, click where you want to insert a footnote, click
the References tab, in the Footnotes group click the Insert Footnote
button, and then type the text of the footnote in the bottom margin
 To create an endnote, click where you want to insert an endnote,
click the References tab, in the Footnotes group click the Insert
Endnote button, and then type the text of the endnote at the end of the
document
Creating Footnotes and Endnotes

 When you are finished typing the text of a footnote or endnote, click
in the body of the document to continue working on it
 To delete a footnote or endnote, delete its reference marker (the
small, superscript number) in the text
 To edit the text of a footnote or endnote, click in the bottom margin
or at the end of the document and edit the note
Formatting a Document in Sections

• A section is a part of a document that can have its own page
orientation, margins, headers, footers, and so on
• To divide a document into sections, you insert a section break
46
Creating SmartArt
• The SmartArt feature allows you to create diagrams and charts to
illustrate concepts that would otherwise require several paragraphs
of explanation
• To begin creating a SmartArt graphic, you switch to the Insert tab
and then, in the Illustrations group, click the SmartArt button
Adding Headers and Footers

• Text that is printed at the top of every page is called a header
• A footer is text that is printed at the bottom of every page
• Some headers and footers also include document controls
• Double-click the top or bottom margin of a page to switch to Header
and Footer view
47
Inserting a Cover Page
• A document’s cover page typically includes the title and the author
of the report
• Click the Insert tab, and then, in the Pages group, click the Cover
Page button
48
EXERCISE 1. TRUE OR FALSE
DIRECTION: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and

FALSE if the statement is wrong.
_______1. Hardware comprises the physical components of computer.

_______2. Hardware that is part of the system unit is sometimes called a
peripheral device or device.
_______3. Secondary storage can hold data after processing but before it
is released to an output device.
_______4. Software as a whole can be divided into a number of
categories based on the types of work done by programs.
_______5. Software refers to the various electronic components that are
required for you to use a computer along with the hardware
components inside the computer case.
_______6. People who use a computer to obtain information is called
end user.
_______7. Computers have become very useful to use because of its
capability to convert data into information.
_______8. Macintosh OS developed in 1969 at AT&T Bell Laboratories.
_______9. One of the benefits of the computer system is cost-production
so that people produce more in shorter periods of time, cost of goods
and services are reduced.
_______10.The cycle of reading and processing new data and generating
new output continues in a cycle.
_______11. Desktop computer are typically larger and more powerful
than other types of personal computers.
_______12. Instead of keyboards, handhelds computers have touch
screens that you use with your finger and not a stylus.
_______13. Notebook computers combine the CPU, screen, and
keyboard in a single case.
_______14. Reliability refers to the capability of the computer system to
adept repetitive task.
_______15. Some Tablet PCs are convertibles with a screen that swivels
and unfolds to reveal a keyboard underneath.
49
EXERCISE 2. CREATING YOUR RESUME/BIO-DATA in MS WORD
2007
OBJECTIVES:
This activity is to let the student perform how to load a word
processor, create a text document, save a text document, opening a
saved document and edit a save document.
PROCEDURES:
1. Load Microsoft Office Word 2007.
 Click Start button
 Click All Programs, Microsoft Office, then Microsoft
Office Word 2007.
2. Type your RESUME/BIO-DATA based on the format below.
3. Click the Office Buttons and then click Save or you can use
(Ctrl+S for Save). Save the document using the filename
(ex:<LASTNAME_FNAME COURSE&SECTION>) in Computer ->
Local Disk (E:) or Storage/Data.
4. For security purpose, place a password in your created file.
Click Office Button -> Prepare -> Encrypt Document type your
password and re-enter then OK. Close your file.
5. Open the save document in Computer -> Local Disk
(E:)/Storage/Data.
6. To improve the appearance of your document, you can add
font color, background, boarders etc., if you want. But in formal
resume you cannot add Background and Font Color.
7. You may now edit your document. Do not click Save As…
because only once can save your file to avoid duplication. Click
Ctrl+S to save your current document.
START HERE:
FULLNAME
ADDRESS
TELEPHONE #, CONTACT #
EMAIL
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth :
Place of Birth :
Height :
Weight :
Sex :
Religion :
Citizenship :
50
Tribe :
Blood type :
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Degree/Course : June
2014 - Present
Institution/School :
Address :
Secondary : Date
Graduated: March 2014
Address :
Elementary : Date
Graduated: March 2010
Address :
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Mother’s Name :
Occupation :
Father’s Name :
Occupation :
Siblings :
WORKING EXPERIENCE
Position : Date
of Employment: Present/Current
Company Name :
Position : Date
of Employment: Present/Current
Company Name :
TECHNICAL QUALIFICATION
TESDA, National Competencies II
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Fullname:
Position:
Company Name:
EXERCIRCE 3 : LABELING
DIRECTION: Identify the following parts of MS Word window.
51
ANSWER HERE:
52
1. _______________________________ 12. _______________________________
2. _______________________________ 13. _______________________________
3. _______________________________ 14. _______________________________
4. _______________________________ 15. _______________________________
5. _______________________________ 16. _______________________________
6. _______________________________ 17. _______________________________
7. _______________________________ 18. _______________________________
8. _______________________________ 19. _______________________________
9. _______________________________ 20. _______________________________
10. _______________________________
11. _______________________________
MODULE 4
SPREADSHEETS
OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the use of spreadsheets and Excel.
2. Work with formulas, functions and formatting workbook.
3. Work with charts and graphics.
53
INTRODUCTION
Spreadsheets are computer applications used to store, analyze, organize and manipulate data in the rows
and columns of a grid. The program operates by taking in data, which can be numbers or text, into the
cells of tables. If the data is numbers, the program will compute it for you depending on the function you
need to be completed. Microsoft Excel is currently the industry standard for spreadsheets and
worksheets. It is the most used spreadsheet and is available for Windows, MacOS, Android, and iOS. Other
programs used include Google sheets, a cloud web-based program, LibreOffice, and several more. The
jobs that were once done by accountants are now managed and filed by a computer program for reasons
of efficiency and organization. Spreadsheets and computer programs used to optimize data have changed
the world for business and data analysis.
LESSON 1: MICROSOFT EXCEL

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Learn the parts of the Excel window

2. Scroll through a worksheet and navigate between worksheets
3. Create and save a workbook file
4. Enter text, numbers, and dates into a worksheet
5. Resize, insert, and remove columns and rows
6. Select and move cell ranges
7. Insert formulas and functions
8. Insert, delete, move, and rename worksheets
9. Work with editing tools
INTRODUCING EXCEL
• Microsoft Office Excel 2007 (or Excel) is a computer program used to enter, analyze, and present
quantitative data
• A spreadsheet is a collection of text and numbers laid out in a rectangular grid.
54
– Often used in business for budgeting, inventory management, and decision making
• What-if analysis lets you change one or more values in a spreadsheet and then assess the effect those
changes have on the calculated values
PARTS OF THE EXCEL WINDOW
55
56
Navigating a Worksheet
• Excel provides several ways to navigate a worksheet
57
Entering Text, Numbers, and Dates in Cells
• The formula bar displays the content of the active cell
• Text data is a combination of letters, numbers, and some symbols
• Number data is any numerical value that can be used in a mathematical calculation
• Date and time data are commonly recognized formats for date and time values
Entering Multiple Lines of Text Within a Cell

• Click the cell in which you want to enter the text
• Type the first line of text
• For each additional line of text, press the Alt+Enter keys (that is, hold down the Alt key as you press the
Enter key), and then type the text
Changing Column Width and Row Height

• A pixel is a single point on a computer monitor or printout
• The default column width is 8.38 standard-sized characters
• Row heights are expressed in points or pixels, where a point is 1⁄72 of an inch
• Autofitting eliminates any empty space by matching the column to the width of its longest cell entry or
the row to the height of its tallest cell entry
58
Changing the Column Width and Row Height
• Drag the right border of the column heading left to decrease the column width or right to increase the
column width
• Drag the bottom border of the row heading up to decrease the row height or down to increase the row
height
or
• Double-click the right border of a column heading or the bottom border of a row heading to AutoFit the
column or row to the cell contents (or select one or more column or rows, click the Home tab on the
Ribbon, click the Format button in the Cells group, and then click AutoFit Column Width or AutoFit Row
Height)
or
• Select one or more columns or rows
• Click the Home tab on the Ribbon, click the Format button in the Cells group, and then click Column
Width or Row Height
• Enter the column width or row height you want, and then click the OK button
Inserting a Column or Row

• Select the column(s) or row(s) where you want to insert the new column(s) or row(s); Excel will insert
the same number of columns or rows as you select
• In the Cells group on the Home tab, click the Insert button (or right-click a column or row heading or
selected column and row headings, and then click Insert on the shortcut menu)
Deleting and Clearing a Row or Column

• Clearing data from a worksheet removes the data but leaves the blank cells
• Deleting data from the worksheet removes both the data and the cells
Working with Cells and Cell Ranges

• A group of cells is called a cell range or range
• An adjacent range is a single rectangular block of cells
• A nonadjacent range consists of two or more distinct adjacent ranges
• A range reference indicates the location and size of a cell range
Selecting Cell Ranges

To select an adjacent range:
59
• Click the cell in the upper-left corner of the adjacent range, drag the pointer to the cell in the lower-
right corner of the adjacent range, and then release the mouse button
or
• Click the cell in the upper-left corner of the adjacent range, press the Shift key as you click the cell in the
lower-right corner of the adjacent range, and then release the Shift key
To select a nonadjacent range of cells:
• Select a cell or an adjacent range, press the Ctrl key as you select each additional cell or adjacent range,
and then release the Ctrl key
To select all the cells in a worksheet:
• Click the Select All button located at the intersection of the row and column headings (or press the
Ctrl+A keys)
Inserting or Deleting a Cell Range

• Select a range that matches the range you want to insert or delete
• In the Cells group on the Home tab, click the Insert button or the Delete button
or
• Select the range that matches the range you want to insert or delete
• In the Cells group, click the Insert button arrow and then click the Insert Cells button or click the Delete
button arrow and then click the Delete Cells command (or right-click the selected range, and then click
Insert or Delete on the shortcut menu)
• Click the option button for the direction in which you want to shift the cells, columns, or rows
• Click the OK button
Entering a Formula
• A formula is an expression that returns a value
• A formula is written using operators that combine different values, returning a single value that is then
displayed in the cell
– The most commonly used operators are arithmetic operators
• The order of precedence is a set of predefined rules used to determine the sequence in which
operators are applied in a calculation
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Entering a Formula
• Click the cell in which you want the formula results to appear
• Type = and an expression that calculates a value using cell references and arithmetic operators
• Press the Enter key or press the Tab key to complete the formula
Copying and Pasting Formulas
61
• With formulas, however, Excel adjusts the formula’s cell references to reflect the new location of the
formula in the worksheet
Introducing Functions
• A function is a named operation that returns a value
• For example, to add the values in the range A1:A10, you could enter the following long formula:
=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8+A9+A10
Or, you could use the SUM function to accomplish the same thing:
=SUM(A1:A10)
Entering Functions with AutoSum

• The AutoSum button quickly inserts Excel functions that summarize all the values in a column or row
using a single statistic
– Sum of the values in the column or row
– Average value in the column or row
– Total count of numeric values in the column or row
– Minimum value in the column or row
– Maximum value in the column or row
62
Inserting and Deleting a Worksheet
• To insert a new worksheet into the workbook, right-click a sheet tab, click Insert on the shortcut menu,
select a sheet type, and then click the OK button
• You can delete a worksheet from a workbook in two ways:
– You can right-click the sheet tab of the worksheet you want to delete, and then click Delete on the
shortcut menu
– You can also click the Delete button arrow in the Cells group on the Home tab, and then click Delete
Sheet
Renaming a Worksheet
• To rename a worksheet, you double-click the sheet tab to select the sheet name, type a new name for
the sheet, and then press the Enter key
• Sheet names cannot exceed 31 characters in length, including blank spaces
• The width of the sheet tab adjusts to the length of the name you enter
63
Moving and Copying a Worksheet
• You can change the placement of the worksheets in a workbook
• To reposition a worksheet, you click and drag the sheet tab to a new location relative to other
worksheets in the workbook
• To copy a worksheet, just press the Ctrl key as you drag and drop the sheet tab
Editing Your Work

• To edit the cell contents, you can work in editing mode
• You can enter editing mode in several ways:
– double-clicking the cell
– selecting the cell and pressing the F2 key
– selecting the cell and clicking anywhere within the formula bar
Using Find and Replace
64
• You can use the Find command to locate numbers and text in the workbook and the Replace command
to overwrite them
Using the Spelling Checker

• The spelling checker verifies the words in the active worksheet against the program’s dictionary
Changing Worksheet Views

• You can view a worksheet in three ways:
– Normal view simply shows the contents of the worksheet
– Page Layout view shows how the worksheet will appear on the page or pages sent to the printer
– Page Break Preview displays the location of the different page breaks within the worksheet
Working with Portrait and Landscape Orientation

• In portrait orientation, the page is taller than it is wide
• In landscape orientation, the page is wider than it is tall
• By default, Excel displays pages in portrait orientation
65
Working with Portrait and Landscape Orientation
• To change the page orientation:
– Click the Page Layout tab on the Ribbon
– In the Page Setup group, click the Orientation button, and then click Landscape
– The page orientation switches to landscape
Printing the Workbook

• You can print the contents of your workbook by using the Print command on the Office Button
• The Print command provides three options:
– You can open the Print dialog box from which you can specify the printer settings, including which
printer to use, which worksheets to include in the printout, and the number of copies to print
– You can perform a Quick Print using the print options currently set in the Print dialog box
– Finally, you can preview the workbook before you send it to the printer
Viewing and Printing Worksheet Formulas

• You can view the formulas in a workbook by switching to formula view, a view of the workbook
contents that displays formulas instead of the resulting values
• To change the worksheet to formula view, press the Ctrl+` keys
• Scaling a printout reduces the width and the height of the printout to fit the number of pages you
specify by shrinking the text size as needed
LESSON 2: FORMATTING A WORKBOOK
66
1. Format text, numbers, and dates
2. Change font colors and fill colors
3. Merge a range into a single cell
4. Apply a built-in cell style
5. Select a different theme
6. Apply a built-in table style
7. Add conditional formats to tables with highlight rules and data bars
8. Hide worksheet rows
9. Insert print titles, set print areas, and insert page breaks
10. Enter headers and footers
Formatting Workbooks
• Formatting is the process of changing a workbook’s appearance by defining the fonts, styles, colors,
and decorative features
• A theme is a collection of formatting that specifies the fonts, colors, and graphical effects used
throughout the workbook
• As you work, Live Preview shows the effects of formatting options on the workbook’s appearance
before you apply them
Formatting Text
• The appearance of text is determined by its typeface, which is the specific design used for the
characters
– Font
 Serif fonts
 Sans serif fonts
 Theme font
 Non-theme font
– Font Style
– Font Size
 Measured in points
Working with Color
67
• Theme colors are the 10 colors that belong to the workbook’s theme
• Standard and custom colors
• Apply a color by selecting a cell or range of cells, clicking the Font Color or Fill Color button arrow, and
then selecting an appropriate color
Formatting Text Selections

• The Mini toolbar appears when you select text and contains buttons for commonly used text formats.
Setting a Background Image

• You can use a picture or image as the background for all the cells in a worksheet
• Click the Page Layout tab on the Ribbon
• Click the Background button
• Locate the background, and then click the Insert button
Formatting Data
68
• By default, values appear in the General number format, which, for the most part, displays numbers
exactly as you enter them
• The Number group on the Home tab has buttons for formatting the appearance of numbers
• Comma style button

• Decrease Decimal button
• Percent Style button
• Increase Decimal button
• Accounting Number Format button
Formatting Dates and Times

• Although dates and times in Excel appear as text, they are actually numbers that measure the interval
between the specified date and time and January 1, 1900 at 12:00 a.m.
Aligning Cell Content

• In addition to left and right alignments, you can change the vertical and horizontal alignments of cell
content to make a worksheet more readable
69
• Alignment buttons are located on the Home tab
Merging Cells
• One way to align text over several columns or rows is to merge, or combine, several cells into one cell
Adding Headers and Footers

• A header is the text printed in the top margin of each page
• A footer is the text printed in the bottom margin of each page
• Scroll to the top of the worksheet, and then click the left section of the header directly above cell A1 to
display the Header & Footer Tools contextual tab
70
LESSON 3: WORKING WITH FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Copy formulas
2. Build formulas containing relative, absolute, and mixed references
3. Review function syntax
4. Insert a function with the Insert Function dialog box
Entering Relative, Absolute

• To enter a relative reference, type the cell reference as it appears in the worksheet. For example, enter
B2 for cell B2
• To enter an absolute reference, type $ (a dollar sign) before both the row and column references. For
example, enter $B$2
or
• Select the cell reference you want to change
• Press the F4 key to cycle the reference from relative to absolute to mixed and then back to relative
71
Understanding Function Syntax
• Every function has to follow a set of rules, or syntax, which specifies how the function should be
written
– Arguments
72
Inserting a Function
• Click the Formulas tab on the Ribbon
• To insert a function from a specific category, click the appropriate category button in the Function
Library group. To search for a function, click the Insert Function button in the Function Library group,
enter a description of the function, and then click the Go button
• Select the appropriate function from the list of functions
• Enter the argument values in the Function Arguments dialog box, and then click the OK button
73
Typing a Function
• As you begin to type a function name within a formula, a list of functions that begin with the letters you
typed appears
74
Working with AutoFill
• AutoFill copies content and formats from a cell or range into an adjacent cell or range
• Select the cell or range that contains the formula or formulas you want to copy
• Drag the fill handle in the direction you want to copy the formula(s) and then release the mouse button
or
• Select the cell or range that contains the formula or formulas you want to copy
• In the Editing group on the Home tab, click the Fill button
• Select the appropriate fill direction and fill type (or click Series, enter the desired fill series options, and
then click the OK button)
75
Using the AutoFill Options Button
• By default, AutoFill copies both the formulas and the formats of the original range to the selected range
• You can specify what is copied by using the AutoFill Options button that appears after you release the
mouse button
Filling a Series
• AutoFill can also be used to create a series of numbers, dates, or text based on a pattern
Creating a Series with AutoFill

• Enter the first few values of the series into a range
• Select the range, and then drag the fill handle of the selected range over the cells you want to fill
or
• Enter the first few values of the series into a range
• Select the entire range into which you want to extend the series
• In the Editing group on the Home tab, click the Fill button, and then click Down, Right, Up, Left, Series,
or Justify to set the direction you want to extend the series
Working with Logical Functions

• A logical function is a function that works with values that are either true or false
76
• The IF function is a logical function that returns one value if the statement is true and returns a
different value if the statement is false
• IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false])

• A comparison operator is a symbol that indicates the relationship between two values

• =IF(A1="YES", "DONE", "RESTART")
• =IF(A1="MAXIMUM", MAX(B1:B10), MIN(B1:B10))
• =IF(D33>0, $K$10, 0)
LESSON 4: WORKING WITH CHARTS AND GRAPHICS
1. Create an embedded chart
2. Work with chart titles and legends
3. Create and format a pie chart
4. Work with 3D charts
5. Create and format a column chart
6. Create and format a line chart
Creating Charts
• A chart, or graph, is a visual representation of a set of data
• Select the data source with the range of data you want to chart
77
• In the Charts group on the Insert tab, click a chart type, and then click a chart subtype in the Chart
gallery
• In the Location group on the Chart Tools Design tab, click the Move Chart button to place the chart in a
chart sheet or embed it into a worksheet
Selecting a Data Source

• The data source is the range that contains the data you want to display in the chart
– Data series
– Series name
– Series values
– Category values
78
EXERCISE 1.
Direction: Write the Capital letter of the correct answer.
A. Excel H. Pixel O. Formula
B. Spreadsheet I. Autofitting P. Order of
C. What-if J. Clearing precedence
analysis K. Deleting Q. Function
D. Formula bar L.Range reference R. AutoSum
E. Text data M. Adjacent S.Spelling checker
F.Number data range T. Scaling
G. Date and N. Nonadjacent U. Page
time data range Layout
1. A collection of text and numbers laid out in a rectangular grid.

2. A combination of letters, numbers, and some symbols.
3. A computer program used to enter, analyze, and present quantitative data.
4. A named operation that returns a value.
5. A printout reduces the width and the height of the printout to fit the number of pages
you specify by shrinking the text size as needed.
6. A set of predefined rules used to determine the sequence in which operators are
applied in a calculation.
7. A single point on a computer monitor or printout.
8. A single rectangular block of cells.
9. Any numerical value that can be used in a mathematical calculation.
10. Commonly recognized formats for date and time values.
11. Consists of two or more distinct adjacent ranges.
12. It displays the content of the active cell.
13. It eliminates any empty space by matching the column to the width of its longest cell
entry or the row to the height of its tallest cell entry.
14. It indicates the location and size of a cell range.
15. It is written using operators that combine different values, returning a single value
that is then displayed in the cell.
16. It verifies the words in the active worksheet against the program’s dictionary.
17. Lets you change one or more values in a spreadsheet and then assess the effect those
changes have on the calculated values.
18. The ________ button quickly inserts Excel functions that summarize all the values in a
column or row using a single statistic.
79
19. The data from the worksheet removes both the data and the cells.
20. View that shows how the worksheet will appear on the page or pages sent to the
printer.
TRUE or FALSE
1. A bar that displays a value of formula entered into in the active cell is called title bar.
2. Active cell is the cell currently selected in the active worksheet.
3. In excel, the column header compose the numbers while the rows are the letters.
4. Select tab is a tab that displays the names of the worksheets in the workbook.
5. The most commonly used operators in Excel are arithmetic operators.
6. To insert the new column(s) or row(s); Excel will insert multiple number of columns
or rows as you select.
7. Type = and an expression that calculates a value using cell references and arithmetic
operators.
8. With formulas, Excel adjusts the formula’s cell references to reflect the new location
of the formula in the worksheet.
9. You can use the Replace command to locate numbers and text in the workbook and
the Find command to overwrite them.
10. You must click the cell in which you want the formula results to appear.
EXERCISE 2 CREATING CASH FLOW COMPARISON IN EXCEL
OBJECTIVES:
This activity is to let the student perform how to compute cash flow in excel and apply using the formula
bar.
DIRECTION:
1. Load Microsoft Office Excel 2007.
 Click All Programs, Microsoft Office, then Microsoft Office Excel 2007.
2. In the Sheet1 tab, double click and type “Cash Flow”.
80
3. In A1, type the “Cash Flow Comparison”. In A2, type “Budgeted vs. Actual”. Apply Bold, align=left,
fontstyle=Arial, and font color=red. In C3, type the date (ex.8-4). To view the format of date, right click in
the active cell, Format Cells… -> Date - > Type: <mm/dd/yyyy or March 14, 2001>.
4. In A4, B4 and C4 add background color = yellow. In B4, type “Budgeted” and in C4, type “Actual”.
See the example below.
5. In A5:A14 type the following data based on the example on the excel screen below.
6. To add the $ sign and decimal point in every cell, highlight and right click the active cell then
Format Cells… ->Number -> Check/Click : Use 1000 Separator (,) and Currency -> Symbol: $ -> OK.
7. In B5:B11 and C5:C11 type the following given numbers. See the example below.
8. In the cell of Total Cash expenditures, Net cash flow and Cash balance (end of the month). Type the
formula to see the result.
9. To add the line borders, follow the actual printed output..
10. For security purpose, place a password in your created file. Click Office Button -> Prepare ->
Encrypt Document type your password and re-enter then OK. Close/Save your file.
MODULE 5
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POWERPOINT
Objectives
At the end of this module, you are able to:
1. Identify the names and functions of the PowerPoint interface.
2. Create, edit, save, and print presentations.
3. Format presentations.
4. Add a graphic to a presentation.
5. Create and manipulate simple slide shows with outlines and notes.
6. Create slide presentations that include text, graphics, animation, and transitions.
INTRODUCTION
PowerPoint is Microsoft's presentation software that enables users to create engaging presentations that
consist of individual pages, or slides, which may contain text, graphics, sound, movies, hyperlinks, and
other objects. PowerPoint enables users to add animation and effects to slideshow elements.
Presentations can be printed, displayed, notated, and navigated by the presenter.
LESSON 1: CREATING A PRESENTATION

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are able to:
1. Open and view an existing PowerPoint presentation

2. Switch views and navigate a presentation
3. View a presentation in Slide Show view
4. Plan a presentation
5. Create a presentation using a template
6. Edit text on slides
7. Add, move, and delete slides
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What Is PowerPoint?
• PowerPoint is a powerful presentation graphics program that provides everything you need to produce
an effective presentation in the form of on-screen slides, a slide presentation on a Web site, or black-and-
white or color overheads.
• Using PowerPoint, you can prepare each component of a presentation: individual slides, speaker notes,
an outline, and audience handouts
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Switching Views and Navigating a Presentation
• The PowerPoint window contains features common to all Windows programs, as well as features
specific to PowerPoint
– Slide pane
– Notes pane
– Slides tab
• Thumbnails
– Outline tab
Switching Views and Navigating a Presentation

• At the lower right of the PowerPoint window, on the status bar to the left of the Zoom slider, are three
buttons you can use to switch views
– Normal view
– Slide Sorter view
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– Slide Show view
Viewing a Presentation in Slide Show View

• Slide Show view is the view you use when you present an on-screen presentation to an audience
• When you click the Slide Show button on the status bar, the slide show starts beginning with the
current slide
• When you click the Slide Show button on the View tab on the Ribbon or press the F5 key, the slide show
starts at the beginning of the presentation
• In Slide Show view, you move from one slide to the next by pressing the Spacebar, clicking the left
mouse button, or pressing the → key
Viewing a Presentation in Slide Show View

• When you prepare a slide show, you can add special effects to the show:
– Slide transitions
– Animations
– Progressive disclosure
– Footer
Planning a Presentation
• Planning a presentation before you create it:
– Improves the quality of your presentation
– Makes your presentation more effective and enjoyable
– Saves you time and effort
• As you plan your presentation, you should determine the following aspects:
– Purpose of the presentation
– Type of presentation
– Audience for the presentation
– Audience needs
– Location of the presentation
– Format
Using Templates
• PowerPoint helps you quickly create effective presentations by using a template
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– A PowerPoint file that contains the colors, background format, font styles, and accent colors for a
presentation
• Click the Office Button , and then click New
• In the pane on the left side of the New Presentation dialog box, click New from existing in the list
under Templates
• Double-click the template you wish to use
Modifying a Presentation
• A placeholder is a region of a slide, or a location in an outline, reserved for inserting text or graphics
• A text box is an object that contains text
– An Active text box appears with dashed lines and sizing handles around the text
– Sizing handles are small circles and squares on the corners and sides of the text box
• A bulleted list is a list of “paragraphs” with a special character to the left of each paragraph
A. Bulleted item
B. First-level bullet
C. Second-level bullet
• Sub-bullet
• A numbered list is a list of paragraphs that are numbered consecutively on the slide
• In all your presentations, you should follow the 6 x 6 rule as much as possible: Keep each bulleted item
to no more than six words, and don’t include more than six bulleted items on a slide
Creating Effective Text Presentations

• Think of your text presentation as a visual map of your oral presentation. Show your organization by
using overviews, making headings larger than subheadings, and including bulleted lists to highlight key
points and numbered steps to show sequences
• Follow the 6 × 6 rule: Use six or fewer items per screen, and use phrases of six or fewer words. Omit
unnecessary articles, pronouns, and adjectives
• Keep phrases parallel. For example, if one bulleted item starts with a verb, all the other bulleted items
should start with a verb. Or, if one bulleted list is a complete sentence, all the items should be complete
sentences
• Make sure your text is appropriate for your purpose and audience
Editing Slides
• The slide title text is a text box at the top of the slide that gives the title of the information on that slide
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• The slide content is a large box in which you type a bulleted or numbered list or insert some other kind
of object
• You also can enter text using the Outline tab
Moving Slides in Slide Sorter View

• In Slide Sorter view, PowerPoint displays all the slides as thumbnails, so that several slides can appear
on the screen at once
• On the status bar, click the Slide Sorter button
• Dragging and dropping slides in Slide Sorter view will rearrange them in the presentation
Deleting Slides
• In Normal view, go to the slide you want to delete so it appears in the slide pane, and then click the
Delete button in the Slides group on the Home tab
or
• Click the desired slide thumbnail in the Slides tab, click the slide icon in the Outline tab, or in Slide
Sorter view, select the slides you want to delete, and then press the Delete key
Adding a New Slide and Choosing a Layout

• A layout is a predetermined way of organizing the objects on a slide including placeholders for title text
and other objects.
• When you insert a new slide, it appears after the current slide, with the default layout, Title and Content
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Checking the Spelling in a Presentation
• Before you print or present a slide show, you should always perform a final check of the spelling of all
the slides in your presentation
• PowerPoint does two types of spell check:
– The regular type is when PowerPoint finds a word that’s not in its dictionary
– The other type is called contextual spelling, which checks the context in which a word is used
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Using the Research Task Pane
• PowerPoint enables you to search online services or Internet sites for additional help in creating a
presentation
• A thesaurus contains a list of words and their synonyms, antonyms, and other related words
• You access the Research task pane by clicking the Review tab on the Ribbon, and then clicking either
the Research or the Thesaurus button in the Proofing group
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Creating Speaker Notes
• Notes (also called speaker notes) help the speaker remember what to say when a particular slide
appears during the presentation
• They appear in the notes pane below the slide pane in Normal view
• You can also print notes pages with a picture of and notes about each slide
Previewing and Printing a Presentation

• PowerPoint provides several printing options
– Color, grayscale, or pure black and white
– Handouts are printouts of the slides themselves; these can be arranged with several slides printed on a
page
– Overhead transparency film
• Print Preview allows you to see the slides as they will appear when they are printed
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LESSON 2: APPLYING AND MODIFYING TEXT AND GRAPHIC OBJECTS
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Plan and create a presentation
2. Apply a different theme
3. Insert, resize, and recolor a clip-art image
4. Resize and move text boxes
5. Insert an image and modify its style
6. Modify the Slide Master
7. Change the design theme for only one slide
8. Insert tab stops to align text
9. Insert footers and modify their placement
10. Create, modify, and format a table
11. Create a diagram using SmartArt
12. Draw and modify a simple graphic using a ready-made shape
13. Insert and rotate text boxes
Planning a Presentation
 Purpose of the presentation
 Type of presentation
 Audience
 Location of presentation
 Audience needs
 Format
Creating a New Presentation from a Theme

 Click the Office Button, and then click New
 In the Templates list on the left of the New Presentation dialog box, click Blank and recent, and then, in
the Blank and recent pane in the middle of the dialog box, click the Blank Presentation icon to create a
new presentation with the Office theme or in the Templates list on the left of the New Presentation dialog
box, click Installed Themes, and then, in the Installed Themes pane in the middle of the dialog box, click
one of the themes
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 Click the Create button
Applying a New Theme

 Click the Design tab
 In the Themes group, click the
 scroll arrows to scroll through
 the themes or click
 the More button to display all of
 the themes in the gallery
 Click one of the themes in the gallery
Inserting Clip Art on a Slide

• Switch to a layout that includes a content placeholder, and then, in the content placeholder, click the
Clip Art button; or, click the Insert tab on the Ribbon, and then, in the Illustrations group, click the Clip
Art button
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• In the Clip Art task pane, type a search term in the Search for text box, and then click the Go button
• In the task pane, click the clip art that you want to insert into the slide
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Inserting a Bitmapped Image on a Slide
Insert Picture from File button; or, click the Insert tab on the Ribbon, and then, in the Illustrations group,
click the Picture button
• Navigate to the folder containing the desired picture file
• Double-click the picture file that you want to insert on the slide
Modifying Slide Masters

• Click the View tab on the Ribbon, and then, in the Presentations group, click the Slide Master button, or
press and hold the Shift key, and then, on the status bar, click the Normal button
• Click the Slide Master or the layout master thumbnail that you want to modify
• Make changes to the master, such as changing the background color; modifying the text size, color, font,
or alignment; inserting clip art, bitmapped images, or other graphics; changing the size or location of text
placeholders; and so forth
• In the Close group, click the Close Master View button or, on the status bar, click the Normal button
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Applying a Second Theme
• Click the Design tab on the Ribbon
• Choose the theme you want in the Themes group
• Right-click the theme and then click Apply to Selected Slides
Adding and Modifying Tab Stops

• A tab adds space between the left margin and the beginning of the text on a particular line, or between
the text in one column and the text in another column
• A tab stop is the location where the insertion point moves to (including any text to the right of it) when
you press the Tab key
Inserting Footers and Slide Numbers

• A header is text that appears at the top of each slide and, as you might recall, a footer is text that
appears at the bottom of each slide.
• Click the Insert tab, and then, in the Text group, click the Header & Footer button
Inserting a Table
Insert Table button, or click the Insert tab on the Ribbon, in the Tables group, click the Table button, and
then click a box in the grid that opens to create a table or click Insert Table on the menu
• If the Insert Table dialog box is open, specify the desired table size—the numbers of columns and rows
—and then click the OK button
• Add information to the cells. Use the Tab key to move from one cell to the next, and the Shift+Tab keys
to move to previous cells
• Use the Table Styles Gallery to select a table style
Changing the Table Style

• Click anywhere in the table to select it
• Under the Table Tools label on the Ribbon, click the Design tab
Applying Table Effects

• A cell bevel is a three-dimensional effect on the edges of the cells
• Select all cells in the table
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• In the Table Styles group, click the Effects button and choose the effect you wish to apply
• Deselect the table
Creating a Diagram on a Slide

• List diagram
• Process diagram
• Cycle diagram
• Hierarchy diagram
– Organization charts
• Relationship diagram
– Venn diagram
– Radial diagram
– Target diagram
• Matrix diagram
• Pyramid diagram
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Creating and Manipulating a Shape
• Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon, and then, in the Illustrations group, click the Shapes button
• Choose the shape you wish to apply
• Click and hold the mouse to draw the shape
• Release the mouse button
Inserting Text Boxes
• Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon, in the Text group, click the Text Box button
Rotating and Moving Objects

• The method for rotating text is similar to the one for rotating graphics
LESSON 3: ADDING SPECIAL EFFECTS TO A PRESENTATION
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are able to:
 Insert slides from another presentation
 Create and apply a custom theme
 Add a background picture
 Customize bullets
 Add a textured background
 Apply sound clips and a movie
 Create and format a chart (graph)
 Create, modify, and format an organization chart
 Apply slide transitions and animations
 Use the pointer pen during a slide show
 Hide slides in a presentation
 Prepare a presentation to run on another computer
 Give a presentation in podium mode
Planning the Presentation

• Purpose of the presentation
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• Type of presentation
• Audience
• Audience needs
• Location of the presentation
• Format
Inserting Slides from Another Presentation

• In your current presentation, navigate to the slide before where you want to insert the slides from
another presentation
• In the Slides group on the Home tab, click the New Slide button arrow
• Click Reuse Slides to display the Reuse Slides task pane
• In the task pane, click the Browse button, then click Browse File to open the Browse dialog box
Creating a Custom Theme

• Using an existing or new presentation, create the desired theme colors, bullets, fonts, background color,
and background graphics
• Click the Office Button, click Save As to open the Save As dialog box, click the Save as type arrow, then
click Office Theme; or click the Design tab on the Ribbon, in the Themes group, click the More button, and
then click Save Current Theme to open the Save Current Theme dialog box with Office Theme already
selected in the Save as type box
• Navigate to the desired location, type a filename, then click the Save button
Adding a Textured Background

• Go to the slide to which you want to apply the textured background
• Click the Design tab on the Ribbon
• In the Background group, click the Background Styles button, then click Format Background at the
bottom of the backgrounds gallery to open the Format Background dialog box
• Click the Picture or texture file option button
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Inserting Sounds and Movies into Your Presentation
• Go to the slide in which you want to insert the sound
• Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon
• In the Media Clips group, click the Sound button arrow, then click the desired source of the sound file on
the menu
• Select the sound file from a specified folder and click the OK button
• When asked how you want the sound to start in the slide show, click the Automatically or When Clicked
button
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Inserting Sounds and Movies into Your Presentation
• Go to the slide in which you want to insert the movie
• Change the layout to include an empty content layout, then click the Insert Media Clip button in the
content layout placeholder to open the Insert Movie dialog box,
or click the Insert tab on the Ribbon, in the Media Clips group, and click the Movie button; Insert Movie
dialog box opens
• Navigate to the folder containing the movie, click the movie filename from a specified folder, then click
the OK button
• When prompted about how the movie or sound will start in slide show, click the Automatically or When
Clicked button
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Creating a Chart (Graph)
• Change the slide layout to one of the content layouts, then click the Insert Chart button in the content
placeholder; or click the Insert tab, and then, in the Illustrations group, click the Chart button; Insert
Chart dialog box opens.
• Click one of the chart icons in the Insert Chart gallery, then click the OK button; PowerPoint
automatically opens a Microsoft Excel worksheet
• Edit the information in the worksheet for the data you want to plot
• Modify the chart layout, style, format, data, or other features, as desired
• Click outside the chart area to make the chart inactive
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Building and Modifying an Organizational Chart
• Go to the slide in which you want to insert an organizational chart
• Change the slide layout, if necessary, to one of the content layouts, then click the Insert SmartArt
Graphic button, or click the Insert tab, then, click the SmartArt button in the Illustrations group; Choose a
SmartArt Graphic dialog box opens
• Click Hierarchy in the pane on the left side of the dialog box to select the type of SmartArt graphic you
want
• In the SmartArt gallery of hierarchy graphics, click Organization Chart, then click the OK button
• In the organization chart boxes, type the personnel names, positions, or other information, as desired
• Add subordinate and coworker boxes as desired
• Click anywhere outside the organization chart area
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Applying Special Effects
• Special effects—such as fading out of one slide as another appears, animated (moving) text, and sound
effects to accompany actions—can liven up your presentation, help hold your audience’s attention, and
emphasize key points
• Special effects can also distract or even annoy your audience
Adding Slide Transitions

• Switch to Slide Sorter view, then select the slide(s) to which you want to add a transition
• Click the Animations tab on the Ribbon
• In the Transition to This Slide group, click the More button to display the gallery of transition effects
• Click the desired transition effect in the gallery
• In the Transition to This Slide group, click the Transition Sound button arrow to insert a sound effect
that accompanies each transition
• In the Transition to This Slide group, click the Transition Speed button arrow to modify the speed of the
transition
• In the Transition to This Slide group, click the Apply To All button to apply the transition to all the
slides in the presentation
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Animating Bulleted Lists
• In Normal view, select the object to which you want to add an animation effect
• Click the Animations tab on the Ribbon
• In the Animations group, click the Animate button arrow to display a menu of animations, then click the
desired animation
or
• In the Animations group, click the Custom Animation button to open the Custom Animation task pane
• Click the Add Effect button, point to a style, and then click More Effects to open the Add Entrance Effect
dialog box
• Click the desired effect, then click the OK button
• Click the Start arrow to choose when the animation starts
• Click the Speed arrow to choose the speed of the animation
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Marking Slides During a Slide Show
• Right-click anywhere on the screen, point to Pointer Options on the shortcut menu, then click Felt
Tip Pen
• Click the left mouse button, then drag to mark the slide
Hiding Slides
• Go to the slide you want to hide
• Click the Slide Show tab on the Ribbon
• In the Set Up group, click the Hide Slide button
Preparing the Presentation to Run on Another Computer

• PowerPoint Viewer, a separate program that you can install and use on any computer running
Windows to show your PowerPoint presentation
• To prepare the presentation to run on any computer, use the Package for CD feature to create a CD or a
folder that you can store on portable media
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Delivering a Presentation with Two Monitors (Podium Mode)
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• If necessary, turn on multiple monitor support
• Click the Slide Show tab on the Ribbon
• In the Set Up group, click the Set Up Slide Show button
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EXERCISE 1. CREATING SIMPLE MS POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

DIRECTION:
1. Load Microsoft Office Powerpoint 2007.
 Click All Programs, Microsoft Office, then Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007.
2. In the Design Tab, click your desired Themes in creating you MS PowerPoint.
3. In Slide 1, type the word “Welcome to Microsoft PowerPoint 2007” below write your <LASTNAME,
FNAME MI.>
4. To create another slide, click the New Slide in the Home Tab or right click the slide 1 and press
New Slide.
5. In Slide 2, type the word Hyperlink in the title and in the text type the: MY PROFILE, TABLES &
GRAPHS, SmartArt GRAPHICS & SOUNDS, VIDEOS & CLIP ART, CUSTOM ANIMATION. See the example in
Slide 2.
6. In Slide 3, type MY PROFILE in the title and in the text see the example in Slide 3. You can add any
one picture at the right side.
7. In Slide 4, add (New slide =“Two Content”). Type the word TABLES & GRAPHS in the title. In the 1 st
content click the
symbol to add the tables. In the 2nd content click the
symbol to add the chart/graphs. To add the texts/items see the example in Slide 4. To add/edit entry
in Graphs, you can double click to see the excel window.
8. In Slide 5, add (New slide =“Two Content”). Type the word SmartArt Graphics & Sounds in the
title. In the 1st content click the symbol to add any the SmartArt. In the 2 nd content click the symbol
in the Insert Tab to add your desired music. Add any text/data in your SmartArt.
9. In Slide 6, add (New slide =“Two Content”). Type the Video & ClipArt in the title. In the 1 st content
click the symbol
browse video in your document. In the 2nd content, click the symbol and find any moving clipart.
10. In Slide 7, add (New Slide = “Title and Content”). Type the word Custom Animation in the title. Add
any clipart in the content. Click the ClipArt and click the Custom Animation in the Animations tab and
click the Add Effect button in the right side. Select any of the following effect you want. To preview, click
the PLAY button below. To remove the effects, click REMOVE button at the upper side. You can click
Modify Effect if you want.
11. In Slide 2, to create hyperlink simply highlight and right click the word “MY PROFILE”. Click the
symbol Hyperlink…
and select the “Place in This Document”. Then select Slide Titles = MY PROFILE or slide 3. You can see
the Slide Preview at the right side if it is correct, then click OK button. Repeat the hyperlink from Slide 4
(tables & graphs) up to Slide 7 (Custom Animation).
12. You can add animation in each slide by clicking the “Transition to this Slide” in the Animations tab
if you want.
13. Please save and add password in your file.
Perform:
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Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Slide 4
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Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
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MODULE 6
THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
OBJECTIVES
A t the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like today.
2. Identify the various types of individuals, companies, and organizations involved in
the Internet community and explain their purposes.
3. Describe device and connection options for connecting to the Internet, as well as
some considerations to keep in mind when selecting an ISP.
4. Understand how to search effectively for information on the Internet and how to cite
Internet resources properly.
5. List several ways to communicate over the Internet, in addition to e-mail.
6. List several useful activities that can be performed via the Web.
7. Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are related to Internet use.
INTRODUCTION
A family plans a ski vacation in Utah, and their 10-year-old daughter browses the World Wide Web
(WWW1 or Web1 ) to find an inexpensive package tour. A college student plugs into the Internet jack in
his residence hall room to communicate daily with friends and family via electronic mail (email1 ). A
health professions student subscribes to an electronic mail list and gains instant access to a lively dialog
among her future colleagues on hot topics in their field. A man, worried about a tick bite a friend got on a
Sunday hike, connects to the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta to read the latest information about
Lyme disease and to download color images of its characteristic skin rash. These are just a few examples
that I know of the amazing ways the Internet and the WWW have changed our way of life.
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The Internet originated in December 1969 as a primitive link-up of 4 computers located at the Los
Angeles and Santa Barbara campuses of the University of California, the Stanford Research Institute, and
the University of Utah. It is doubtful that anyone then could have imagined just how fast their tiny
computer network would grow. At the time of this writing, approximately 1/4 million registered local
computer networks comprise more than 15 million host computers that serve more than 50 million users
worldwide. These local networks are in turn joined into a single, vast, unified network, spanning more
than 170 countries and linking computers of all different sizes, types, and operating systems with people
who speak many different languages.
One commonality among all these computers is their use of the same procedures for transmitting and
receiving information over the net. These standards are embodied in the Internet Protocol (IP1 ), which
determines the conventions for addressing and routing information, and the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP1 ), which governs how electronic messages are broken up into uniform-sized "packets" of
data for transmission across the network and subsequently. Thus, each of our computers uses TCP/IP
software to send and receive data packets over the Internet. These packets flow from their origin (such as
a disk drive on a remote computer) to their destination (such as the display screen of your computer) by
means of a series of computers (known as routers) that are arranged along the path between the 2 sites.
This entire breaking up of data into packets that are routed across the net (at up to 622 million bits/sec)
and the reassembly into a meaningful format take place without the user's involvement or prerequisite
understanding!
EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET
Internet: Largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over the
world
1. Furnishes a standard way of obtaining information, disseminating information, accessing
entertainment, and communicating with others
2. While Internet has become a household word only during the past two decades, it has
actually operated in one form or another for much longer than that
ARPANET: The predecessor of the Internet, named after the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA),
which sponsored its development
– Initially connected four supercomputers
– Eventually evolved into today’s Internet
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The World Wide Web: The collection of Web pages available through the Internet
– Proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
– Originally only text-based content; release of the Mosaic browser in 1993 led to graphical content
– Wide variety of content available via Web pages today (social networking, RSS, podcasts, blogs and
wikis)
Internet2: Researches advanced Internet applications and technologies
The Internet Community Today

Most members of the Internet community fall into one or more of the following groups:
– Users: People who use the Internet
– Internet service providers (ISPs): Provide
access to the Internet, typically for a fee
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– Internet content providers:
Provide Internet content
• Businesses, non-profit
organizations, educational
institutions
• Individuals
– Application service providers (ASPs): Companies that manage and distribute software-based services
over the Internet
• Web-based software, Software as a Service (SaaS), cloudware
• Often fee-based business software
– Web service: Added to a Web page to provide specific services for end users
– Infrastructure companies: Own or operating the physical structure of the Internet
• Conventional and mobile phone companies, cable companies, and satellite Internet providers
Web Services
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– Hardware and software companies
• Provide the hardware and software used in conjunction with the Internet and Web
– Government and other organizations
• Some countries limit information and access
• FCC influences communications
• Internet Society (ISOC): Addresses issues impacting the future of the internet
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN): Domain and IP management
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): Protocols and standards, ensures interoperability
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Myths About the Internet
Myth 1: The Internet is free
– Most people and businesses pay for Internet access
– Businesses, schools, and libraries lease communications lines from phone companies
– Fee-based content is growing at a rapid pace
• Music/movie downloads
• Donation based sites
Myth 2: Someone controls the Internet
– No single group or organization controls the Internet
– Governments can regulate Internet use within its country, but difficult to enforce
Myth 3: The Internet and World Wide Web are identical

– Internet = physical network
– WWW = one resource (Web pages) available via the Internet
– Other resources are available via the Internet
• e.g. FTP
Getting Set Up to Use the Internet

• Typically involves three decisions:
– Determining the type of device you will use to access the Internet
– Selecting the type of connection desired
– Deciding on the Internet service provider to be used
• Once these determinations have been made, your computer can be set up to access the Internet
Type of Device
• Possible devices include:
– Personal computers
– Mobile phones
– Gaming devices and televisions
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Type of Connection and Internet Access
• Computer must be connected to access the Internet
– Most connections today are broadband
• Connections can be:

– Dial-up
• Uses standard phone lines
• Uses modem to dial-up ISP
– Inconvenient
– Slower, but cheaper
– Ties up phone lines
– Relatively secure from hackers
– Direct (always on)
• Device is continually connected to the Internet
• Direct connections are typically broadband; fast speeds needed for many Web activities today
• Because you are always connected, it is important to protect your computer from hackers
Direct Connections
• Cable: Most widely used home broadband connection
– Fast, between 5 and 20 Mbps
– Requires a cable modem
• DSL: Broadband delivered over telephone lines
– Must be less than 3 miles from a switching station
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– Transmits over telephone lines but does not tie up the line
– Typically 1-7 Mbps
• Satellite: Broadband option for rural areas
– Slower and more expensive that cable or DSL
– Available in many areas other broadband options are not
– Requires satellite modem, and transceiver dish
– Fixed wireless: Uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites
• Not available in all areas
• Uses Wi-Fi or WiMAX
• Broadband over Fiber (BoF): Delivers over fiber-optic cabling all the way to the building
• Also called Fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP)
• Fast, available in limited areas
• Requires special networking equipment
• Mobile wireless: Access via mobile phone or device
• Hotspot: Public wireless networks (Wi-Fi)
• Both free and fee-based are available
Type of Connection and Internet Access
120
Wi-Fi Hotspots
Selecting an ISP
121
Setting Up Your Computer
• To set up your computer
– Install necessary hardware
– Install necessary software
– Select user name, access telephone number (for dial-up connections), and a payment method
– Perform any necessary set-up to share the connection with other computers or devices
Searching the Internet

• Effective Internet searching: A very important skill
122
• Search sites: Web sites specifically designed to help users search for Web pages that match specified
keywords or selected categories
• Typically use a search engine in conjunction with a database containing information about Web pages
to locate appropriate Web pages
• Many search sites available (Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask.com, Cuil, etc)
• Real-time search engines are emerging
• Search the Web live rather than relying on a database
• Keyword search
– Keywords are typed in a search box to locate information on the Internet
– Matching Web pages are called hits
– Clicking on a Web page name displays that page
• Directory search
– Categories are selected to locate information on the Internet
• Many search sites contain additional tools
– Search for music files, image files, newsgroups, news articles, maps, people, telephone numbers
– Google is one of the most versatile search sites
Searching the Internet
123
Search Site Tools
124
Search Strategies
– Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT)
– Multiple search sites
– Appropriate keywords
– Synonyms (different words that mean the same thing)
– Variant word forms (variations of your keywords, alternate spellings, etc.)
– Wildcards (such as * to search for keyword patterns)
– Field searches (searches limited to a particular characteristic, such as page title, page text,
125
URL, top level domain or Web site)
Evaluating Search Results

• Evaluating search results:
– Does the title and listed description sound appropriate for the information you are seeking?
– Is the URL from an appropriate company or organization?
– You should also evaluate:
• The author
• The source
– Determine if reliable or biased
• The date
– Many online articles are years old
– Verify online information with a second source
Citing Internet Resources

• To avoid plagiarism, proper citation procedures should be used for all Internet content used in a paper,
book, or on a Web site
126
Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
• Many other activities available via the Internet in addition to Web browsing and e-mail
• Types of online communications
– Instant messaging (IM): Exchanging real-time messages
• Typically real-time (presence technology)
• Often can be used for a variety of other tasks (voice calls, multiplayer games, etc.)
• Unified communications (UC)
– Text messaging
Types of Online Communications

– Twittering (microblogging)
• Send and receive tweets
• Used in both business and personal lives
• Other types of status updates are available via some social networking sites
– Message boards: Post and read messages
– Voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP): Making
telephone calls over the
Internet
• Computer to computer
– Skype, IM, etc.
• More permanent
replaces landline phone
127
• Does not work when
Internet connection or
power is out
Types of Online Communications

– Web conference: Face-to-face meeting taking place via the Web
• Typically uses video cameras and microphones to enable participants to see and hear each other
• Via IM (personal use) or
Web conference service (business use)
– Webinar: A seminar presented via the Web.
Social Networking
• Social networking site: A site that enables a community of individuals to communicate and share
information
– MySpace, Facebook, etc. allow people to post information about themselves
– Video and photo sharing (YouTube, Flickr, etc.)
– Used by schools for classmates to meet and share
– Used in politics and business
– Used by families
• Users should be careful not to reveal too much about themselves for safety reasons
128
Online Shopping and Investing
• E-commerce: Online financial transactions
• Precautions
– Be sure all e-commerce activities are performed via a secure Web server (https://)
– Use a credit card or online payment service whenever possible
• Online shopping: Buying products or services online
– Can purchase items via manufacturers, large businesses, small businesses, etc.
– Usually paid via credit card, though other options may be available
• Online auctions: Bids are placed for items, and the highest bidder purchases the item
– Sellers list items (such as via eBay)
– Can bid until auction closes
– Winning bidder arranges payments and delivery with seller
– Seller pays auction fees
• Online banking: Performing banking activities via the Web (transfer funds, check balances, pay bills,
etc.)
• Online investing: Buying and selling stocks or other types of investments via the Web
– Online portfolios
129
Online Entertainment
• Online music: Music played or obtained via the Web
– Internet radio stations: Listen to music live
– Online music stores: Used to purchase and download music singles and albums in digital format legally
• Online video: Video watched or downloaded via the Web
• Online TV: Live or recorded TV shows available via the Web
• Online movies: Feature films available via the Web
• Video-on-demand (VoD): The process of downloading movies and television shows, on demand, via the
Web
• Online gaming: Playing games via the Web
– Web-based games, online multiplayer games, etc.
Online News, Reference, and Information

• News sites
– Available through Web sites belonging to news organizations, television networks, newspapers,
magazines, etc.
– Usually updated throughout the day
– News archives are often available (sometimes requires a fee)
• Reference sites
– Provide access to specific types of useful information
– Phone and address directories, weather, maps, home values, encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc.
• Portal Web page: Designed to be displayed as a browser’s home page, typically can be customized
– Often contain
news, calendars,
e-mail, and
other tools
– Usually
personalized
– iGoogle,
My Yahoo!,
My MSN, etc.
• RSS (Really Simple Syndication): Delivers selected Web content to subscribers as the content is
published to a Web site
130
– Individuals subscribe to an RSS feed and new content is delivered to them as it becomes available
• Podcasts: Recorded audio or video file that can be played or downloaded via the Web
– Prepared by individuals and businesses
– Used to share knowledge, express opinions, share original poems, songs, or short stories
– Typically uploaded to the Web on a regular basis
Product, Corporate, and Government Information

• Vast amount of product and government information available online
• Sites dedicated to provide information about politics, social causes, etc.
• Online education: Using the Internet to facilitate learning
• Web-based training (WBT): Instruction delivered on an individual basis via the Web
– Corporate training, tutorials, distance learning, etc.
Online Education and Writing

– Distance learning: When the student is physically located away from the instructor and other students;
instruction take place via the Web
• Advantages: Self-paced instruction, flexible location, up-to-date material, immediate feedback, and
customized content
• Disadvantages: Technology requirements and problems, anonymity, and lack of face-to-face contact
– Online testing: Taking tests via the Internet
• Available for both objective and performance-based exams
• Typically are graded
automatically
• Security is an issue
• Authorized
testing centers
• Secure
testing systems
– Online writing
• Blogs: A Web page that contains short, frequently updated entries in chronological order, typically by
just one individual
• Wikis: A collaborative Web page that is designed to be edited and republished by a variety of
individuals
131
• Wikipedia is largest
• Carefully evaluate content, as irresponsible individuals can enter erroneous information
• E-portfolios: A collection of an individual’s work accessible via the Web
Censorship and Privacy Issues

• Censorship issues
– Some countries block some Internet content
– Free speech vs. offensive or indecent materials
– Internet filtering: Using software or browser options to block access to particular Web pages or types of
Web pages
• Used by individuals, schools, employers, public computers, etc.
• Can use browser settings or special filtering software
• Web browsing privacy: Privacy of Web activities
– Cookies: Small files stored on the user’s hard drive by a Web server
• Add functionality (such as shopping carts and personal preferences) to Web sites
• Can be used to track Web activity
• Cookie information can be personally identifiable or non-personally identifiable
• Cookie data can be viewed or deleted
• Cookie settings can be changed and software can be used to manage cookies
– Spyware: Software installed without users knowledge that transmits data secretly through the user’s
Internet connection
• Sometimes used by advertisers to gather marketing information
• Used by criminals to gather personal data stored on your computer
• Can be blocked and/or removed using security software
– Adware: Software supported by onscreen advertising

• Often included in free programs
• Does not gather information
• E-mail privacy: Privacy of the e-mail messages you send and receive
– Only encrypted e-mail can be transmitted privately
132
– Employers and ISPs have access to the e-mail you send through those organizations
– Businesses and ISPs typically archive e-mail
messages
EXERCISE 1- MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read the following questions carefully and Write the capital letter of the best answer.
1. A small files stored on the user’s hard drive by a Web server.
a.Adware b. Cookies c. Spyware d. Security software
2. Using software or browser options to block access to particular Web pages or types of Web pages.
a.Internet Filtering b. Free Speech c. Web browsing privacy d. E-mail privacy
3. A collaborative Web page that is designed to be edited and republished by a variety of individuals.
a.Online writing b. Blogs c. Wikis d. E-portfolios
4. Delivers selected Web content to subscribers as the content is published to a Web site.
a.Podcasting b. RSS c. Online content d. Online Testing
5. The process of downloading movies and television shows, on demand, via the Web.
a.Online movies b. Online videos c. Online TV d. VoD
6. Bids are placed for items, and the highest bidder purchases the item.
a.Online investing b. Online Banking c. Online Auction d. Online Portfolios
7. A broadband option for rural areas.
133
a.DSL b. Cable c. Satellite d. Dream Cable
8. Which of the following is not a device in connecting the internet?

a.UTP cable b. Modem c. Switch d. Router
9. Companies that manage and distribute software-based services over the Internet.
a.Web services c. Application service provider
b. Software services d. Internet Society
10. Which of the following is not true in describing the World Wide Web?
a.Originally only text-based content; release of the Mosaic browser in
1993 led to graphical content
b. Proposed by Vinton Cerf in 1989
c. The collection of web pages
d. Wide variety of content available via Web pages today
(social networking, RSS, podcasts, blogs etc.)
11. The Internet began as an experimental network known by which name?

a.ARPANET b. Internet2 c. WWW d. ISP
12. A type of always-on broadband Internet access available through conventional phone lines that
does not tie up your phone line is _________.
a.Fixed wireless b. Hotspot c. Dial-up d. DSL
13. With which of the following does the user select a category matching the topic for which he or she
is searching?
a.keyword search b. directory search c. field search d. Search site
14. The program used by many search sites to retrieve matching Web pages from their database is
called
a.Search site b. Keyword search c. Search engine d. Directory search
15. Ordering a movie or television show to be downloaded from the Internet is referred to as?
a.Interactive TV b. VoD c. Online Radio d. Online
134
Auction
16. Blocking access to particular Web pages or types of Web pages using browser settings or special
software is called Internet _________.
a.Encrypting b. Blocking c. Filtering d. Downloading
17. Which of the following is not a decision to set up an internet connections?

a.Deciding on the Internet service provider to be used
b. Determining the type of device you will use to access the Internet
c. Matching Web pages are called hits
d. Selecting the type of connection desired
18. Searches limited to a particular characteristic, such as page title, page text, URL, top level domain
or Web site.
a.keyword search b. directory search c. field search d. Search site
19. Used to purchase and download music singles and albums in digital format legally.
a.Online movies b. Online TV c. Online Music store d. Online video
20. Provide access to specific types of useful information such as phone and address directories,
weather, etc.
a.Reference sites B. News Sites c. Online news d. Podcasting
EXERCISE 2- ESSAY
Direction: Discuss the following with the best of your ability. Minimum of five sentences.
GRADING RUBRIC:
1. Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like today.

2. List several ways to communicate over the Internet, in addition to e-mail.
135
3. List several useful activities that can be performed via the Web.
4. Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are related to Internet use.
5. Describe device and connection options for connecting to the Internet, as well as some
considerations to keep in mind when selecting an ISP.
EXERCISE 3- TRUE OR FALSE

Direction: Identify if the following statement. Write the word TRUE if the statement is corrects and
FALSE if it’s wrong.
_______1. A URL that begins with https:// indicates the page being viewed is secure.
_______2. Cable is a common type of direct Internet connection.
_______3. Cookie information can be personally identifiable or non-personally identifiable.
_______4. DSL is the most widely used home broadband connection.
_______5. Many other activities available via the Internet in addition to Web browsing and e-mail.
_______6. Online testing is available for both objective and performance-based exams.
_______7. Social blog site is a site that enables a community of individuals to communicate and share
information.
_______8. The cookie settings can’t be changed and software can’t be used to manage cookies.
_______9. To avoid plagiarism, proper citation procedures should not be used for all Internet content used
in a paper, book, or on a Web site.
_______10. Web conference is a seminar presented via the web.
EXERCISE 5: IDENTIFICATION
___________1. Available through Web sites belonging to news organizations, television networks,
newspapers, magazines, etc.
___________2. Buying and selling stocks or other types of investments via the Web.
___________3. Designed to be displayed as a browser’s home page, typically can be customized.
___________4. Face-to-face meeting taking place via the Web.
___________5. Privacy of the e-mail messages you send and receive.
___________6. Recorded audio or video file that can be played or downloaded via the Web.
136
____________7. Software installed without users knowledge that transmits data secretly through the user’s
Internet connection.
___________8. The largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over
the world.
___________9. Web sites specifically designed to help users search for Web pages that match specified
keywords or selected categories.
___________10. When the student is physically located away from the instructor and other students;
instruction takes place via the Web.
REFERENCES
http://www.itdesk.info/en/module-1-concepts-information-communication-technology-ict/
http://www.itdesk.info/en/module-2-using-the-computer-and-managing-files/
137
Fluency with Information Technology: Skills, Concepts, and Capabilities, 4/E
http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/8911/9125833/labs/newlabs/Intro.pdf
http://wps.aw.com/aw_snyder_fluency_4/139/35647/9125833.cw/index.html
MS OFFICE 2013
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_go_office_2013_vol1/236/60541/15498594.cw/index.html
MS OFFICE 2010
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_skills_ms_office_2010_vol1_2e/217/55648/14246103.cw/index.html
http://hhh.gavilan.edu/jmaringer/GoWord2010_Chapter1.pptx
http://www.comfsm.fm/~emcastro/Word%20Lesson%2004.pptx
http://www.comfsm.fm/~emcastro/literacy.html
http://people.cs.pitt.edu/~mehmud/cs131/lectu
138

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MODULE 1

CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND

1. Identify the terms used in IT, computer software and

Duration Time: Week 1 to Week 3

Additionally ICT means a variety of technological applications in the

Thus, ICT means a combination of computer applications’ and

Information Communication Technology is a common term referring

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are often

ICT (Information and Communication Technology) this concept

Computer working principle: data are entered into a computer via

Unlike desktop computers, notebooks and tablet PCs are optimized

PORTABLE DIGITAL DEVICES

Mobile phone is a portable electronic device used for distant

MAIN COMPUTER PARTS

Basic computer working principle: data is entered into a computer via

Motherboard, MBO is computer's basic circuit, to which all computer

Protocol describes a manner in which communication between

Buses can, according to the purpose, be divided into:

Central Processing Unit (CPU or processor) is a central part of a

Cache is a small capacity memory which allows quick access to data.

CD-ROM drive is used for reading CD media.

Soundcard is a device used for sound creation and production by

Graphics card is responsible for image processing and displaying it

COMMON INPUT /OUTPUT PORTS

MEMORY AND STORAGE DEVICES

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a working memory in which

1 KB (kilobyte)- 1024 B (approx. 1000 B)

BASIC TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES

Blu-ray disc (BD) -It is the successor to DVD, is an optical disk

Memory card is a type of flash memory used to store data in digital

USB Stick is a data storage device. It features small dimensions,

There is a difference between an internal hard disk drive, which is

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

Trackball, unlike a mouse, is not movable. Hand movements are

Touchpad is used for transmission of hand movement, but unlike

Lightpen enables handwriting on screen and can be used as a mouse.

Joystick: mainly used in computer games. Unlike a mouse, it has many

Microphone is a device that converts sound into an electrical signal,

Webcam is a camera that stores video signal in a format appropriate

Digital camera, unlike analog, stores photographs in digital format. It

Photograph quality is expressed in megapixels. More megapixels

Projector is a device used to project a computer image or other

Printer is a device used for printing data from a computer onto a

Laser printers are similar to photocopy devices when it comes to

Inkjet printers have a high print quality (somewhat lower in

Thermal printer, as its name states, leaves a print on the paper by

Software is, unlike hardware, intangible part of the computer. It

Today, computers have an operating system which loads into the

The most famous operating systems are:

Application Software (Utility programs) are all programs that users

Common utility softwares are:

Spreadsheet calculations software is used for performing various

Software for presentations is used to create professional

Common utility software installed on a computer:

Internet is the most famous and most widespread network with

 LAN (Local Area Network) - a network that covers a relatively

Terms: client / server

Relationship client - server is defined in the following manner: client

INTERNET, INTRANET, EXTRANET