This document describes methods for analyzing indeterminate structures with many degrees of freedom. It discusses stiffness, the relationship between load and displacement, and various solution methods like the superposition method and virtual work method. It also provides examples of calculating the stiffness matrix for different structural members like fixed-hinged and fixed-fixed beams. The stiffness matrix relates the loads and displacements in a structure.
This document describes methods for analyzing indeterminate structures with many degrees of freedom. It discusses stiffness, the relationship between load and displacement, and various solution methods like the superposition method and virtual work method. It also provides examples of calculating the stiffness matrix for different structural members like fixed-hinged and fixed-fixed beams. The stiffness matrix relates the loads and displacements in a structure.
This document describes methods for analyzing indeterminate structures with many degrees of freedom. It discusses stiffness, the relationship between load and displacement, and various solution methods like the superposition method and virtual work method. It also provides examples of calculating the stiffness matrix for different structural members like fixed-hinged and fixed-fixed beams. The stiffness matrix relates the loads and displacements in a structure.
This document describes methods for analyzing indeterminate structures with many degrees of freedom. It discusses stiffness, the relationship between load and displacement, and various solution methods like the superposition method and virtual work method. It also provides examples of calculating the stiffness matrix for different structural members like fixed-hinged and fixed-fixed beams. The stiffness matrix relates the loads and displacements in a structure.
𝑣1 𝜃1 𝑣2 − − − 𝑃𝑦1 𝑣1 − − − 𝑀1 = − 3𝐸𝐼 − 3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 . 𝜃1 𝑃𝑦2 𝑣2 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿3 Put the forces resulting from the development of previous movements = unity in the Stiffness matrix as follows:
𝑣1 𝜃1 𝑣2 3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 − 3𝐸𝐼 𝑃𝑦1 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝑣1 3𝐸 𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 − 3𝐸𝐼 𝑀1 = . 𝜃1 𝑃𝑦2 𝐿2 𝐿 𝐿2 𝑣2 − 3𝐸𝐼 − 3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿3 Or: 𝑃 = 𝑘. 𝛿 Where: [k] = stiffness matrix for fixed-hinged member. Note: 1- The stiffness matrix is square. 2- Symmetric around the main diameter. 3- All the elements of the main diameter are positive 𝟏 𝑬𝑰 𝟐 𝑳
❑ At point (1), there are two prevented movements (q1, v1)
❑ At point (2), there are two prevented movements (q2, v2)
❑ The method of virtual work is used in the solution as follows:
1- Put all prevented movement with unity then, we calculate the force generated for each case.
2- The stiffness matrix columns are the forces generated by each
1 𝑬𝑰 𝑋2 = 𝑀1 = =𝟔 𝟐 𝛿11 𝑳 𝟒𝑬𝑰/𝑳 𝟒𝑬𝑰/𝑳 ❑ Due to q1 = 1
𝟏 𝑬𝑰 𝟐 𝑳
𝟔𝑬𝑰/𝑳 𝟐 −𝟔𝑬𝑰/𝑳𝟐
❑ Due to v2 = 1 −𝟔𝑬𝑰/𝑳𝟐 −𝟔𝑬𝑰/𝑳𝟐
𝟏 𝑬𝑰 𝟐 𝑳
-12𝑬𝑰/𝑳𝟑 1𝟐𝑬𝑰/𝑳𝟑 ❑ Due to q2 = 1
2𝑬𝑰/𝑳 𝟒𝑬𝑰/𝑳
𝟏 𝑬𝑰 𝟐 𝑳
6𝑬𝑰/𝑳𝟐 6𝑬𝑰/𝑳𝟐 Put the forces resulting from the development of previous movements = unity in the Stiffness matrix as follows:
𝑣1 𝜃1 𝑣2 𝑣2
12𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼 − 12𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼
𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝑃𝑦1 6𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 − 6𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝑣1 𝑀1 𝐿2 𝐿 𝐿2 𝐿 𝜃1 = . 𝑣 𝑃𝑦2 − 12𝐸𝐼 − 6𝐸𝐼 12𝐸𝐼 − 6𝐸𝐼 2 𝑀2 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝜃2 6𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 − 6𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 𝐿2 𝐿 𝐿2 𝐿 This member is subjected to an axial forces only, therefore there is one movement in the direction of the axis at each point.
𝟏 𝑬𝑨 𝟐 𝑳 Due to u1 = 1
Displacement: u1 = 1 𝟏 𝑬𝑨 𝟐 𝑢1 𝑳
𝑬𝑨 𝑬𝑨 𝑳 𝑳 Force due to u1 = 1 𝟏 𝑬𝑨 𝟐 𝑳 Due to u2 = 1
Displacement: u2 = 1 𝟏 𝑬𝑨 𝟐 𝑢2 𝑳
𝑬𝑨 𝑬𝑨 Force due to u2 = 1 𝑳 𝑳
𝟏 𝑬𝑨 𝟐 𝑳 The stiffness matrix is:
u1 𝑢2 𝐸𝐴 − 𝐸𝐴 𝑃𝑥1 𝐿 𝐿 . 𝑢1 = 𝑢2 𝑃𝑥2 − 𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴 𝐿 𝐿 ❑ The shown member is fixed-fixed. There are three forces at each node: 𝑃𝑥 , 𝑃𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀.
❑ These forces at the each node cause the following:
