FINAL REPORT

ON
“College Website Management System”

SUBMITTED TO

J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Abhishek Tiwari (20CSE05)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

(December 2022)
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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “College Website

Management System with PHP, MySQL ” submitted to J.C. Bose
University of Science and Technology Faridabad, Haryana (India), is a record
of an original work done by us under the guidance of Mr. Umesh Goyal in
Computer Science and Engineering, ARAVALI COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, FARIDABAD, and this project
work is submitted in the partial fulfillment of their requirements for the award
of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING..

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project would not have taken shape, without the guidance provided by Mr.
UMESH GOYAL our Trainer who helped in the modules of our project and
resolved all the technical as well as other problems related to the project and, for
always providing us with a helping hand whenever we faced any bottlenecks, in
spite of being quite busy with their hectic schedules.

We would also like to thank our project supervisor Mr. UMESH GOYAL who
gave us the opportunity and provided us all the academic and conceptual support
for our project.

Above all we wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to Ms. Sakshi Kumar,
H.O.D, CSE DEPARTMENT whose support has greatly boosted our self-
confidence and will go a long way on helping us to reach further milestones and
greater heights.

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ABSTRACT
Here this system will predict weather based on parameters such as temperature,
humidity and wind. User will enter current temperature; humidity and wind,
System will take this parameter and will predict weather(rainfall in inches) from
previous data in database(dataset). The role of the admin is to add previous weather
data in database, so that system will calculate weather(estimated rainfall in inches)
based on these data. Weather forecasting system takes parameters such as
temperature, humidity, and wind and will forecast weather based on previous
record therefore this prediction will prove reliable. This system can be used in Air
Traffic, Marine, Agriculture, Forestry, Military, and Navy etc. The traditional
forecast process employed by most NMHSs involves forecasters producing text-
based, sensible, weather-element forecast products (e.g. maximum/minimum
temperature, cloud cover) using numerical weather prediction (NWP) output as
guidance. The process is typically schedule-driven, product-oriented and labour-
intensive. Over the last decade, technological advances and scientific
breakthroughs have allowed NMHSs’ hydrometeorological forecasts and warnings
to become much more specific and accurate.

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION 2
1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION 2
1.3 SCOPE 3

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 1.4 PURPOSE 3
1.5 PROBLEM AND EXISTING 4
TECHNOLOGY

1.6 PROPOSED SYSTEM 4

CHAPTER 2: REQIUREMENTS & ANALYSIS 5

2.1 PLATFORM REQUIREMENTS 5

2.2 MODULE DESCRIPTION 5

CHAPTER 3: DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION 12

3.1 ALGORITHMS 12
3.2 PSEUDO CODE 12
CHAPTER 4: SCREENSHOTS 19

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 21

CHAPTER 6: REFERENCES 21

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the

conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.Weather forecasts are

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made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere at a
given place and using meteorology to project how the atmosphere will change. The
role of Technology has been remarkable in the field of weather forecasting.
Weather data is not only necessary for researchers or scientists, ordinary people
can be benefitted from it as well. People nowadays are feeling the necessity of
weather data as well.There are a variety of weather mobile apps in Google Play and
the App store. Those apps have great features and functionalities to satisfy users.
However, only a few of them have friendly user interface and human centered
interactions, which means that a lot of them might be difficult to be navigated even
though they provide enough functionalities. It is not convenient for new users.
Therefore, we would like to do improvements on weather mobile apps. It is
Also,the application provides suggestions to users based on weather conditions.
And lastly, user cansearch and access data for custom
Data Mining is all about discovering unsuspected/ previously unknown
relationships amongst the data.It is a multi-disciplinary skill that uses machine
learning, statistics, AI and database technology

PROBLEM DEFINATION:

It is important to exactly determine the rainfall for effective use of water resources,
crop productivity and pre-planning of water structures.

Rainfall Prediction is the application of science and technology to predict the

amount of rainfall over a region. It is important to exactly determine the rainfall for
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effective use of water resources, crop productivity and pre-planning of water
structures.

Data Mining is all about discovering unsuspected/ previously unknown

relationships amongst the data.It is a multi-disciplinary skill that uses machine
learning, statistics, AI and database technology

User will enter current temperature; humidity and wind, System will take this
parameter and will predict weather from previous data in database. The role of the
admin is to add previous weather data in database, so that system will calculate
weather based on these data. Weather forecasting system takes parameters such as

SCOPE & PURPOSES:

There are several reasons why weather forecasts are important. They would
certainly be missed if they were not there. It is a product of science that impacts
the lives of many people. The following is a list of various reasons why weather
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forecasts are important:

1. Helps people prepare for how to dress (i.e. warm weather, cold weather, windy
weather, rainy weather)
2. Helps businesses and people plan for power production and how much power
to use (i.e. power companies, where to set thermostat)
3. Helps people prepare if they need to take extra gear to prepare for the weather
(i.e. umbrella, rain coat, sun screen)
4. Helps people plan outdoor activities (i.e. to see if rain/storms/cold weather will
impact outdoor event)
5. Helps curious people to know what sort of weather can be expected (i.e. a
snow on theway,severstorms)
6. Helps businesses plan for transportation hazards that can result from the
weather (i.e. fog, snow, ice, storms, clouds as it relates to driving and flying for
example)
7. Helps people with health related issues to plan the day (i.e. allergies, asthma,
heat stress)
8. Helps businesses and people plan for severe weather and other weather hazards
(lightning, hail, tornadoes, hurricanes, ice storms)
9. Helps farmers and gardeners plan for crop irrigation and protection (irrigation
scheduling, freeze protection)

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

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HARDWARE SPECIFICATION:

Processor: Intel Pentium 4 or later or compatible

Processor Speed: 2.4 GHZ

RAM: 256 MB or more

Hard disk: 10 GB or more

Mouse: optical mouse

Keyboard: Logitech keyboard

Web Camera : used to get the video feed.

SYSTEM DESIGN:

The traditional forecast process employed by most NMHSs involves forecasters

producing text-based, sensible, weather-element forecast products (e.g.
maximum/minimum temperature, cloud cover) using numerical weather prediction
9
(NWP) output as guidance. The process is typically schedule-driven, product-
oriented and labour-intensive. Over the last decade, technological advances and
scientific breakthroughs have allowed NMHSs’ hydrometeorological forecasts and
warnings to become much more specific and accurate.

As computer technology and high-speed dissemination systems evolved (e.g.

Internet), National Weather Service (NWS) customers/partners were demanding
detailed forecasts in gridded, digital and graphic formats. Traditional NWS text
forecast products limit the amount of additional information that can be conveyed
to the user community. The concept of digital database forecasting provides the
capability to meet customer/partner demands for more accurate, detailed
hydrometeorological forecasts. Digital database forecasting also offers one of the
most exciting opportunities to integrate PWS forecast dissemination and service
delivery, which most effectively serves the user community.

User will enter current temperature; humidity and wind, System will take this
parameter and will predict weather from previous data in database. The role of
the admin is to add previous weather data in database, so that system will
calculate weather based on these data. Weather forecasting system takes
parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind and will forecast weather
based on previous record therefore this prediction will prove reliable.

PURPOSED SYSTEM:
This system has many features that make it unique and functional. These features
include:
 It is simply a tool for improving driver safety, focusing primarily on long-
haul truck drivers, night time drivers, people driving long distances alone or
people suffering from sleep deprivation.

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 This system implements a mechanism to alert the driver on the condition of
drowsiness or daydreaming.
 A camera monitors the driver’ eye blinking, eye closure, face detection, head
posture, etc. with face landmark algorithm and Euclidean distance in the
behavioral-based approach.
 A sleep alarm is used in a vehicle for detecting the condition indicative of
the onset of sleepiness of a driver and for alerting the driver.
 An eye blink sensor is used to keep track of the driver’s eyelid motion and
provides eyelid distance tracking to detect the sleepiness.
 The system will detect the early symptoms of drowsiness before the driver
has fully lost all attentiveness and warn the driver that they are no longer
capable of operating the vehicle safely.
 The drowsiness detection system will detect that a person’s eyes are closed
for a few seconds and will alert the driver when it occurs. This device will
not, however, guarantee that the driver will be fully awakened and that an
accident will be avoided.
 Provides Daytime and night detection.
 Sound and flashing LED warning system to redraw driver’s attention
 Little inference and potential hazard to driver’s normal driving
 Drowsiness detection system provides Real time image processing more
than 1 frame/second
 It has affordable cost of the application.
 Sleepiness detection is efficient and alarms will be generated only when
demanded.
 Enhanced algorithm to ensure the darkness detection ability

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TESTING & TEST RESULTS

TESTING PLAN:

Any system, to be successful, must be thoroughly tested, and well managed test plan
should be prepared before actual testing is being performed. “Modules” have
been developed and need to be tested in a manner that can reduce occurring of
defects as low as possible.

TESTING STRATEGY:
CONTENT TESTING:

In order to fulfill all of the challenging prerequisites we have to test out limitations
of our chosen off-the-shelf components. Some of our preliminary tests were
devised to help us out with that. Errors in Project content can be as trivial as minor
typographical error as incorrect information, improper organization or validation of
intellectual property laws. Content Testing attempt to uncover this and many other
problems before the user encounter them
The goal of the devised set of experiments is to test the basic performance in
various ways. for differentiating between open and closed eyes we decided to go
with a proven two-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier [7]. SVM is a
non-
probabilistic binary linear classifier. It takes a set of input data and predicts, for
each given input, which of two possible classes forms the output. This is perfect
since our basic problem can be defined as two class problem: open eyes vs. closed
eyes.

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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

System Coding:

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detector = cv2.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml") # Faster
but less accurate predictor =
dlib.shape_predictor('shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat')
print("-> Starting Video Stream") vs =
VideoStream(src=args["webcam"]).start()
# vs= VideoStream(usePiCamera=True).start() //For Raspberry Pi
time.sleep(1.0)
while
True:

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 frame = vs.read() frame =
imutils.resize(frame, width=450) gray =
cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# rects = detector(gray, 0) rects =
detector.detectMultiScale(gray, scaleFactor=1.1,
minNeighbors=5, minSize=(30, 30),
flags=cv2.CASCADE_SCALE_IMAGE)
# for rect in rects:
for (x, y, w, h) in rects:
rect = dlib.rectangle(int(x), int(y), int(x + w), int(y + h))
shape = predictor(gray,
rect)
shape = face_utils.shape_to_np(shape)
eye =
final_ear(shape) ear =
eye[0] leftEye =
eye[1] rightEye =
eye[2]
distance =
lip_distance(shape)
leftEyeHull = cv2.convexHull(leftEye) rightEyeHull
= cv2.convexHull(rightEye) cv2.drawContours(frame,
[leftEyeHull], -1, (0, 255, 0), 1) cv2.drawContours(frame,
[rightEyeHull], -1, (0, 255, 0), 1)
lip = shape[48:60]
cv2.drawContours(frame, [lip], -1, (0, 255, 0), 1)
if ear <
EYE_AR_THRESH:
COUNTER += 1

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if COUNTER >= EYE_AR_CONSEC_FRAMES: if alarm_status ==
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False: alarm_status = True t =
Thread(target=alarm, args=('wake up sir',)) t.deamon
= True
t.start() cv2.putText(frame,
"DROWSINESS ALERT!", (10, 30),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 255), 2)
else:
COUNTER = 0
alarm_status = False
if (distance > YAWN_THRESH):
cv2.putText(frame, "Yawn Alert", (10, 30),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 255), 2) if alarm_status2 ==
False and saying == False:
alarm_status2 = True t = Thread(target=alarm,
args=('take some fresh air sir',)) t.deamon = True
t.start()
else:
alarm_status2 = False
cv2.putText(frame, "EAR: {:.2f}".format(ear), (300, 30),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.putText(frame,
"YAWN: {:.2f}".format(distance), (300, 60),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv2.imshow("Frame", frame)
key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
if key == ord("q"):
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
vs.stop()

LIMITATIONS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM:

While researching and building a project, fatigue is observed using image
recognition and computer vision techniques.

 Keeping the user’s head down causes fatigue detection inaccuracy

 There is no dual user usability available

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 The eye-detection algorithm which plays an important role in detecting
drowsiness creates a high degree of misunderstanding when tested with
different positions of eyes.
 It is only prevention, not a solution

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CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION:

 A non-invasive system to localize the eyes and monitor fatigue was

developed.
 Information about the eyes position is obtained through various
selfdeveloped image processing algorithms. During the monitoring, the
system is able to decide if the eyes are opened or closed. When the eyes have
been closed for too long, a warning signal is issued.
 In addition, during monitoring, the system is able to automatically detect any
eye localizing error that might have occurred. In case of this type of error,
the system is able to recover and properly localize the eyes.
 Image processing achieves highly accurate and reliable detection of
drowsiness.
 Image processing offers a non-invasive approach to detecting drowsiness
without the annoyance and interference.
 A drowsiness detection system developed around the principle of image
processing judges the driver’s alertness level on the basis of continuous eye
closures. With 80% accuracy, it is obvious that there are limitations to the
system.

FUTURE SCOPE:

 This project would have a bright future in the field where more safety
enchantments are made electro-mechanically in the automotive sector.
 It could be successfully applicable to lorries, trucks and other vehicles that
are being used to travel at night. Using this set-up, we can easily detect the
fatigue of the driver and can prevent the accidents due to fatigue of the
driver.
 More concentrated research in this field could help upgrade technologies that
could reduce the accidents caused by the ignorance of the drivers around
80%.

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FUTURE ESCALATION:

With the advent of technologies and innovations, the proposed system could be
further developed. The following are the new enhancements that can be introduced
to enhance the program and the accessibility of the end-user in the future.
 Both Android and IOS will be compliant with this program.
 The threshold can be set by users according to the size of their eyes
 The user can be traced in an emergency case with the access location
 More can be applied to alarm sound so that the user can select the sound
 If the user does not respond for a longer time, emergency call and message
will be sent automatically
 Use OpenGL to control the frame rate more accurately
 To achieve a higher accuracy at night
 Use parallel programming such as CUDA to make code faster and more
efficient
 Use bash script to enable our program to auto start after booting.
 Use parallel programming and multi thread to handle image capturing,
sending control signal, and running algorithm separately.
 Capture individual driver’s steering activity while drowsy
 Conduct additional simulator experiments to validate the algorithm, test
additional road conditions, and test a more diversified group of drivers to
understand the characteristics of impaired driving under the influence of
alcohol, motion sickness, stress, or inattention.
 Refine the Algorithm based on the road test data and conduct research on
warning systems integrated with the detection system.
 Incorporating motion capture and EEG facilities to our system. The motion
capture system will enable analyzing the upper torso movements. In addition,
the EEG will provide a ground-truth for drowsiness.

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References:

• www.google.com

• www.slideshare.net

• www.youtube.com

• https://www.researchgate.net

• http://www.ieomsociety.org/brazil2020/papers/700.pdf

• https://dspace.mit.edu

• http://repository.rjt.ac.lk/bitstream

• https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05705

• www.udemy.com/topic/sleepdetectionsystem

• https://uwaterloo.ca/systems-design-engineering/current-
undergraduatestudents/courses/workshop-projects/fourth2002/
drowsiness-detectionsystem#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20the
%20drowsiness,of%20operati ng%20the%20vehicle%20safely.

• https://data-flair.training/blogs/python-project-driver-drowsinessdetection-
system/

• https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2022/05/drowsiness-
detectionsystem/

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