A PROJECT REPORT ON

Weather forcasting Web

Ajaykumar Prajapati (53)
Mangesh Nemade (39)
Sashikant Gupta (23)
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Prof. Vikrant Ingale
In partial fulfilment of
The requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Information Technology Engineering

Department of Information Technology Engineering

K.B.M.S.S.V.S.S's

INDALA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)
Near HP Gagangiri Petrol Pump, Kalyan-Murbad Road,
At. Bapsai, Post-Manmoli, Tal.Kalyan 421103

University of Mumbai
Academic Year 2022-2023
 Certificate

This is to certify that, the project report entitled ““Weather

forcasting Web”” is successfully submitted by
Ajaykumar Prajapati(53)
Mangesh Nemade (39)
Sashikant Gupta (23)
For the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the term
work of Mini Project-I Bachelor of Engineering in
Information Technology.

Prof. Vikrant Ingale

Project Guide

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Prof. Rajendra Bharambe

HOD Principal

Date:
Place: Kalyan
 Mini Project Approval
This Mini Project entiteled " “Weather forcasting Web”"
by Ajaykumar Prajapati, Mangesh Nemade & Sashikant
Gupta is approved for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Information Technology.

Examiners

1……………………………
(Internal Examiner Name &
Sign)

2……………………………
(External Examiner Name &
Sign)

Date:
Place: Kalyan
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take the opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to the

people whose help and co-ordination has made this project a success.I thank

Prof. Vikrant Ingale for knowledge, guidance and co-operation in the

process of making this project.

I owe project success to my guide and convey my thanks to her. I would like to

express my heartfelt to all the teachers and staff members of Information

department of Indala College of Engineering for their full support.

I would like to thank my principal for conductive environment in the institution.

I am grateful to the library staff of Indala College of Engineering for the

numerous books, magazines made available for handy reference and use of

internet facility.

Lastly, I am also indebted to all those who have indirectly contributed in making

this project successful.

Sr. Pg.
No.
No. Description

1 Abstract 1

2 Introduction 2

3 Proposed Syestem 3

4 Problem And Existing Technology,Data Flow 4

5 Graphs 5

6 Requirements 6

7 Explanation 7
8 Conclusion 8

9 Reference 9
 Abstract

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict

the state of the atmosphere for a given location.Ancient weather forecasting
methods usually relied on observed patterns of events, also termed pattern
recognition. For example, it might be observed that if the sunset was particularly
red, the following day often brought fair weather.However, not all of these
predictions prove reliable.

Here this system will predict weather based on parameters such as

temperature, humidity and wind. User will enter current temperature; humidity
and wind, System will take this parameter and will predict weather(rainfall in
inches) from previous data in database(dataset). The role of the admin is to add
previous weather data in database, so that system will calculate
weather(estimated rainfall in inches) based on these data. Weather forecasting
system takes parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind and will
forecast weather based on previous record therefore this prediction will prove
reliable. This system can be used in Air Traffic, Marine, Agriculture, Forestry,
Military, and Navy etc.
 Introduction
• Data Warehousing

Data Warehouse is electronic storage of a large amount of information

by a business which is designed for query and analysis instead of transaction
processing. It is a process of transforming data into information and making
it available to users for analysis.

Data Mining

Data mining is looking for hidden, valid, and potentially useful patterns in huge
data sets. Data Mining is all about discovering unsuspected/ previously unknown
relationships amongst the data.It is a multi-disciplinary skill that uses machine
learning, statistics, AI and database technology.

Introduction
Rainfall Prediction is the application of science and technology to predict the
amount of rainfall over a region. It is important to exactly determine the rainfall
for effective use of water resources, crop productivity and pre-planning of water
structures.

In this project, we used Linear Regression to predict the amount of rainfall.

Linear Regression tells us how many inches of rainfall we can expect.

1.2 Problem Definition

It is important to exactly determine the rainfall for effective use of water
resources, crop productivity and pre-planning of water structures.
 Propsed System

There are several reasons why weather forecasts are important. They would
certainly be missed if they were not there.

User will enter current temperature; humidity and wind, System will take this
parameter and will predict weather from previous data in database.

It is a product of science that impacts the lives of many people.

The role of the admin is to add previous weather data in database, so that
system will calculate weather based on these data. Weather forecasting system
takes parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind and will forecast
weather based on previous record therefore this prediction will prove reliable.

The following is a list of various reasons why weather forecasts are important:

1. Helps people prepare for how to dress (i.e. warm weather, cold weather,
windy weather, rainy weather)
2. Helps businesses and people plan for power production and how much
power to use (i.e. power companies, where to set thermostat) 3. Helps
people prepare if they need to take extra gear to prepare for the weather
(i.e. umbrella, rain coat, sun screen)
4. Helps people plan outdoor activities (i.e. to see if rain/storms/cold
weather will impact outdoor event)
5. Helps curious people to know what sort of weather can be expected
(i.e. a snow on the way, severe storms)
6. Helps businesses plan for transportation hazards that can result
from the weather (i.e. fog, snow, ice, storms, clouds as it relates to driving
and flying for example)
7. Helps people with health related issues to plan the day (i.e.
allergies, asthma, heat stress)
8. Helps businesses and people plan for severe weather and other
weather hazards (lightning, hail, tornadoes, hurricanes, ice storms) 9.
Helps farmers and gardeners plan for crop irrigation and protection
(irrigation scheduling, freeze protection)
 Problem And Existing Technology

The traditional forecast process employed by most NMHSs involves forecasters

producing text-based, sensible, weather-element forecast products (e.g.
maximum/minimum temperature, cloud cover) using numerical weather
prediction (NWP) output as guidance

As computer technology and high-speed dissemination systems evolved (e.g.

Internet), National Weather Service (NWS) customers/partners were demanding
detailed forecasts in gridded, digital and graphic formats. Traditional NWS text
forecast products limit the amount of additional information that can be
conveyed to the user community. The concept of digital database forecasting
provides the capability to meet customer/partner demands for more accurate,
detailed hydrometeorological forecasts. Digital database forecasting also offers
one of the most exciting opportunities to integrate PWS forecast dissemination
and service delivery, which most effectively serves the user community.

The process is typically schedule-driven, product-oriented and labour-intensive.

Over the last decade, technological advances and scientific breakthroughs have
allowed NMHSs’ hydrometeorological forecasts and warnings to become much
more specific and accurate.
Data Flow Chart
 Graphs

Algorithm:

Linear Regression is a machine learning algorithm based on supervised

learning. It performs a regression task. Regression models a target prediction
value based on independent variables. It is mostly used for finding out the
relationship between variables and forecasting. Different regression models
differ based on – the kind of relationship between dependent and independent
variables, they are consideringand the number of independent variables being
used.

Linear regression performs the task to predict a dependent variable value (y)
based on a given independent variable (x). So, this regression technique finds
out a linear relationship between x (input) and y(output). Hence, the name is
Linear Regression.
In the figure above, X (input) is the work experience and Y (output) is the salary
of a person. The regression line is the best fit line for our model.

Hypothesis function for Linear Regression :

 y=mx+c

Where

y is the response variable. x is the predictor variable.

m and c are constants which are called the

coefficients.

Data Set

The dataset is a public weather dataset from Austin, Texas available on Kaggle.

austin_weather.csv

Columns:
Date-
The date of the collection (YYYY-MM-DD)
TempHighF-
High temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit
TempAvgF-
Average temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit
TempLowF-
Low temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit
DewPointHighF-
High dew point, in degrees Fahrenheit
DewPointAvgF-
Average dew point, in degrees Fahrenheit
DewPointLowF-
Low dew point, in degrees Fahrenheit
HumidityHighPercent-
High humidity, as a percentage
HumidityAvgPercent-
Average humidity, as a percentage
HumidityLowPercent-
Low humidity, as a percentage
SeaLevelPressureHighInches-
High sea level pressure, in inches of mercury
SeaLevelPressureAvgInches-
Average sea level pressure, in inches of mercury
SeaLevelPressureLowInches-
Low sea level pressure, in inches of mercury
VisibilityHighMiles- High
visibility, in miles
VisibilityAvgMiles-
Average visibility, in miles
VisibilityLowMiles- Low
visibility, in miles
WindHighMPH-
High wind speed, in miles per hour
WindAvgMPH-
Average wind speed, in miles per hour
WindGustMPH-
Highest wind speed gust, in miles per hour
PrecipitationSumInches-
Total precipitation, in inches ('T' if trace)
Events-
Adverse weather events (' ' if None)
1) Histogram for Temp

2)The precipitation trend graph:

A day (in red) having precipitation of about 2 inches is tracked across multiple
parameters (the same day is tracker across multiple features such as temperature,
pressure, etc). The x-axis denotes the days and the y-axis denotes the magnitude
of the feature such as temperature, pressure, etc. From the graph, it can be
observed that rainfall can be expected to be high when the temperature is high
and humidity is high.
 REQUIREMENTS
Platform Requirements
Hardwar
e/Softwa Hardware / Software element Specification /version
re
Hardwar Processor i3
e RAM 2GB
Hard Disk 250GB
Software OS Windows,Linux.
Python IDE Jupyter
Microsoft Azure NoteBook.
Python 3.
 Explanation:

1) In this module we first gather the data(dataset) for our prediction model.Data
comes in all forms, most of it being very messy and unstructured. They rarely
come ready to use. Datasets, large and small, come with a variety of issues-
invalid fields, missing and additional values, and values that are in forms
different from the one we require. In order to bring it to workable or structured
form, we need to “clean” our data, and make it ready to use. Some common
cleaning includes parsing, converting to one-hot, removing unnecessary data,
etc.

In our case, our data has some days where some factors weren’t recorded. And
the rainfall in cm was marked as T if there was trace precipitation. Our algorithm
requires numbers, so we can’t work with alphabets popping up in our data. so
we need to clean the data before applying it on our model.

2)Once the data is cleaned, In this module that cleaned data can be used as an
input to our Linear regression model. Linear regression is a linear approach to
form a relationship between a dependent variable and many independent
explanatory variables. This is done by plotting a line that fits our scatter plot the
best, ie, with the least errors. This gives value predictions, ie, how much, by
substituting the independent values in the line equation.

We will use Scikit-learn’s linear regression model to train our dataset. Once the
model is trained, we can give our own inputs for the various columns such as
temperature, dew point, pressure, etc. to predict the weather based on these
attributes

Module Outcomes:
1) By the end of the first module the fully cleaned and useful data is available
for the apply the algorithm for the prediction.
1) By the end of the second module the actual prediction will be happen the
outcome is the amount of rainfall in inches based upon the users input.
 CONCLUSION

We successfully predicted the rainfall using the linear regression but here this is
not very accurate only some times any way it depends upon the climate changes
to season to season.Here we are taking only summer season weather data set it
only useful to predict rainfall in summer season.
 REFERENCES
Textbooks:-

1. Data Mining: The Textbook 2015 Edition, Kindle Editionby Charu

C. Aggarwal .

2. Data Mining: Concepts and TechniquesBy Jiawei Han, Jian Pei,

Micheline Kamber.