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    It’s yana
    This document provides a timeline overview of the key concepts in chemistry including: 1) Nuclear reactions like fusion and fission as well as radioactivity and particle emissions in week 1. 2) Models of the atom like the plum pudding model and discovery of subatomic particles in week 2. 3) Introduction of chemical bonds, electronegativity, and intermolecular forces in weeks 3 and 4. 4) Biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and their basic structures in week 5. 5) Definitions of chemical reactions and factors that affect reaction rates such as concentration, temperature, and catalysts in week 6.

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    PS Reviewer

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    This document provides a timeline overview of the key concepts in chemistry including: 1) Nuclear reactions like fusion and fission as well as radioactivity and particle emissions in week 1. 2) Models of the atom like the plum pudding model and discovery of subatomic particles in week 2. 3) Introduction of chemical bonds, electronegativity, and intermolecular forces in weeks 3 and 4. 4) Biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and their basic structures in week 5. 5) Definitions of chemical reactions and factors that affect reaction rates such as concentration, temperature, and catalysts in week 6.

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    This document provides a timeline overview of the key concepts in chemistry including: 1) Nuclear reactions like fusion and fission as well as radioactivity and particle emissions in week 1. 2) Models of the atom like the plum pudding model and discovery of subatomic particles in week 2. 3) Introduction of chemical bonds, electronegativity, and intermolecular forces in weeks 3 and 4. 4) Biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and their basic structures in week 5. 5) Definitions of chemical reactions and factors that affect reaction rates such as concentration, temperature, and catalysts in week 6.

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    26 views3 pages

    PS Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    It’s yana
    This document provides a timeline overview of the key concepts in chemistry including: 1) Nuclear reactions like fusion and fission as well as radioactivity and particle emissions in week 1. 2) Models of the atom like the plum pudding model and discovery of subatomic particles in week 2. 3) Introduction of chemical bonds, electronegativity, and intermolecular forces in weeks 3 and 4. 4) Biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and their basic structures in week 5. 5) Definitions of chemical reactions and factors that affect reaction rates such as concentration, temperature, and catalysts in week 6.

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    of 3

    WEEK 1 A TIMELINE ON THE BRIEF HISTORY ON MATTER

    Nuclear reactions processes in which a nucleus AND ATOMS


    combines with another nucleus (nuclear fusion)
    or splits into smaller nuclei (nuclear fission)
    Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or
    more atomic nuclei are combined
    Nuclear fission is a process in which the nucleus
    of an atom splits into two or more smaller
    nuclei.
    Radioactivity – the process involves the
    emission of energetic particles of an atom.
    Electron – negative charge
    Proton – positive charge
    Neutron – no charge
    Alpha particle – high speed particle consisting
    of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
    Beta particle – high speed electron Plum pudding model - which illustrates how an
    Gamma ray – high energy stream of protons. atom is electrically neutral.
    Positron – positive charged electron
    Isotopes – have same atomic number but
    different atomic mass
    COMMON TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTION

    Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

    WEEK 3
    CHEMICAL BOND - an electrical attraction
    between the nuclei and valence electrons of an
    BIGBANG THEORY – states that the universe atom and which binds atoms together.
    IONIC BOND - bonding occurs between a metal
    was once very small, very hot and then it
    and nonmetal
    expanded overtime until it reaches its peak COVALENT BOND - electron pair between
    around 13.7 billion years ago atoms of nonmetals.
    STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION- As NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND- A bond in which
    more elements were produced, new layers the electrons are equally shared by the bonded
    added up to the size of the star until it became atoms.
    a red giant. Stars are described to have an POLAR COVALENT BOND – A bond in which the
    “onion skin structure” as they evolved and bonded atoms have an unequal sharing of
    produced new elements. electrons.
    WEEK 2
    ELECTRONEGATIVITY – Measure of the
    tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward
    itself.

    Applications of IMFA
    Medical and Dental Devices
    Construction Materials
    WEEK 4 Sports Equipment
    Intermolecular Forces of Attraction- Refer to Electronic Devices
    the weak forces that exist between molecules
    Dipole-Dipole Forces - the partially negative WEEK 5
    atom of one polar molecule attracts the Biomolecules – A molecule that is produced by
    partially positive atom of another molecule. a living organism.
    Macromolecules – A molecule containing a very
    large number of atoms.
    Monomers- A molecule that can be bonded to
    other identical molecules to form a polymer.
    Hydrogen Bonds - Exist between a hydrogen Polymers – A substance made of long repeating
    atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom chains of monomers.
    and an electronegative atom from another Carbohydrates
    molecule. Involves hydrogen bonding with Monomers – Monosaccharides
    fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen. Essential Elements – Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
    Classifications: Monosaccharide, Disaccharide,
    Polysaccharide
    Monosaccharide - The simplest form of
    carbohydrates and includes single sugars that
    are easily absorbed into the blood stream.
    Disaccharide - Composed of two sugars. Needs
    certain enzymes to break them up
    Polysaccharide – Complex carbohydrate. Made
    London Dispersion Forces - These forces result up of many simple sugars
    from the constant movement of electrons in Function of Carbohydrates -Provide energy
    molecules, which consequently creates
    instantaneous dipoles. These are the only forces
    existing among atoms in noble gases and
    nonpolar molecular compounds.
    Lipids Factors That Affect Reaction Rate
    Monomers - Fatty acids Concentration/Pressure
    Essential Elements -Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen  the greater the concentration/pressure,
    Three Main Types of Lipids the higher of reaction rate
    Triglycerides – Most common type of fat in the Particle Size - Reactions between Liquid to
    body, found in the blood, necessary for health liquid and gas to gas (Easier)
    Phospholipid- Main component of the cell  Mas malaki ang size, mabagal ang
    Membrane reaction rate.
    Steroids – Include such well known compounds  Mas maliit ang size, mabilis ang reaction
    such as cholesterol, and cortisone rate
    Function of Lipids: Long term storage of energy, Effect of Temperature
    protective layer against water loss, insulation,  The increase of temperature, the
    structural component of cell membrane. increase of reaction rate.
    Protein  The decrease of temperature, the
    Monomer-Amino acid decrease of reaction rate
    Essential Elements-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Effect of a Catalyst - Speeds up the reaction
    Nitrogen rate
    Function of Protein
    -Enzyme
    - Transport of substances in the blood
    -Construction of cytoskeleton
    -Immune system
    Nucleic Acid
    Monomer – Nucleotides
    Essential Elements – Carbon, Hydrogen,
    Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
    Function of Nucleic Acid
    DNA - Information for hereditary
    characteristics
    RNA – Transfer of information
    WEEK 6
    Chemical Reaction – When substances
    (reactants) are converted to another substance
    (product).
     Happens because of collisions of
    particles in the substances
     Governed by the collision theory
    (activation energy)
    Rate of Reaction – The speed at which
    reactants are converted to products.
    -Low reaction
    -High reaction

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