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Good Morning everyone! Ate Beverly Nacion and I, Althea Fabello will
present about the Physical Development in Early Childhood Education. We
will discuss more about it so stay tuned and listen to us. Thank you!

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Physical development is a crucial aspect of a child's growth, particularly during the

preschool years. Fine and gross motor skills, healthy nutrition, adequate sleep, toilet
training, and sexual development are all important factors that parents and caregivers
need to pay attention to during this stage. Understanding and supporting these aspects
can help young children thrive and reach their full potential.

During the early years in our childhood or preschoolers days, we often see some
significant changes in the way children look, think, communicate with other people,
regulate their emotions and interact with others and it is called the physical
development. In this chapter we will be able to talk about what are the physical
changes that preschoolers had. Ano nga ba yung physical development and ano ano
yung mga important factors na kailangang bigyan pansin ng mga parents or
caregiver sa mga bata.

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Nutrition:
Children need the right foods at the right time to grow and develop to their full
potential.
The most critical time for good nutrition is during the 1,000-day period, from
pregnancy until the child’s second birthday.
In the first two years of life, breastfeeding saves lives, shields children from
disease, boost brain development and guarantees children a safe and nutritious
food source.

Kailangan ng mga bata kumain ng mga right foods or ng mga masustansyang

pagkain sa tamang oras para mas lalo pa sila mag develop at para magtuloy tuloy
yung growth nila. So sa first 1,000 days kce the brain grows more quickly than at
any other time in a person's life and a child needs the right nutrients at the right
time to feed her brain's rapid development. Kapag binigyan mo ng right nutrients
yung bata mas gagana or magdedevelop pa yung utak niya. In terms of
breastfeeding, eto yung ideal food for infants as It is safe and clean which help
protect against many common childhood illnesses.
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So these are the guidelines for parents/caregivers in establishing healthy eating

habits. Caregivers should:

● Provide sound nutrition and limit sugary snacks and drinks to ensure their child receives
adequate nutrition.
● Provide a well-balanced nutrition.
● Establish healthy eating habits.
● Setting up taste preference at the age of the children.
● Avoid giving high fat, very sweet and salty flavors.
● Avoid too much consumption of milk as calcium interferes with the absorption of iron in
the diet as well.

So these guidelines can help the children to be healthy and to avoid getting sick.

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1. BRAIN WEIGHT
The brain of a child is around 75% of its adult weight by the age of two, and approximately
95% of its adult weight by the age of six. Development of dendrites and myelination
continues in the cortex which leads to corresponding changes in a child’s abilities.
Significant development in the prefrontal cortex (the area of the brain behind the
forehead that helps us to think, strategize, and control emotion) makes it
increasingly possible to control emotional outbursts and to understand how to
play games. For example lets consider the 4- or 5-year-old children and on how
they might approach a game of soccer. Chances are, every move would be a
response to the commands of a coach standing nearby saying “Run this way! Now,
stop. Look at the ball. Kick the ball!” And when the child is not being told what to
do, he or she is likely to be looking at the clover on the ground or a dog on the
other side of the fence. Understanding the game, thinking ahead, coordinating
movement, and handling losing improve with practice and myelination.

2. VISUAL PATHWAYS
Children’s drawing represents the development of visual pathways. As children’s brain mature
the image in their drawings change. For example, early scribbles and dots illustrate
the use of simple motor skills. No real connection is made between an image
being visualized and what is created on paper. At age 3, the child begins to draw
wispy creatures with heads and not much other detail. Gradually pictures begin to
 have more detail and incorporate more parts of the body.

3. GROWTH IN THE HEMISPHERE AND CORPUS CALLOSUM

The left hemisphere of the brain grows dramatically and typically involved in language skills.
While the right hemisphere continues to grow throughout early childhood and involved in task
that require spatial skills. The corpus callosum which connects the two hemispheres of the
brain undergoes a growth spurt between age 3 and 6 and result in improved coordination
between right and left hemisphere task.

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SLEEP IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Sleep is one of the human body’s most important physical and physiological needs. The amount
of sleep needs varies depending on multiple factors including age, physical condition,
psychological condition and energy exertion.

Here are the following Sleep disorders that we encounter:

1. Sleepwalking (Somnambulism) causes a person to get up and walk during the early
hours of sleep. It can be dangerous. The person may sit up and look awake, get
up and walk around, move items, or dress undress themselves. They will have
a blank stare and still be able to perform complex tasks. Sleepwalking can be
dangerous and people have been known to seriously hurt themselves during
sleepwalking episodes.

2. Sleep Terrors are characterized by a sudden arousal from deep sleep with a cream or
cry, accompanied by some behavioral manifestations of intense fear. Sleep terrors
typically occur in the first few hours of sleep, Night terrors tend to happen
during periods of arousal from delta sleep (i.e., slow-wave sleep). They are
worse than nightmares, causing significant disorientation, panic, and anxiety.
They can last up to 10 minutes, and the person may be screaming and
difficult to wake.

3. Nightmare Disorder or “dream anxiety disorder” is characterized by frequent

nightmares, which often portrays the individual in a situation that jeopardizes their life or
personal safety. This usually occur during the second half of the sleeping
process.
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SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Self-stimulation is common in early childhood. Children may begin to show curiosity about their
bodies and those of others and may ask questions about reproduction and sexuality. It is
important for parents and caregivers to respond to these honestly and age-appropriate, using
correct terminology and avoiding shame or embarrassment. Curiosity about the body and
about others’ bodies is a natural part of early childhood as well. So dito sa part na
to, dapat kapag may tanong saten yung mga bata about this topic, ingat ingat tayo
sa mga words or yung mga binibitawan mong salita. Dapat maexplain naten
sakanila to ng maayos para hindi sila maconfuse

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CHILDHOOD OBESITY
It Is a complex issue. It occurs when a child is well above the normal or healthy weight for
his/her age and height.

Causes of Obesity

The causes of excess weight gain in young people are similar to those in adults,
including factors such as a person’s behavior and genetics. Behaviors that influence
excess weight gain include:

· eating high calorie, low-nutrient foods

· not getting enough physical exercise

· sedentary activities (such as watching television or other screen devices)

· medication use

· sleep routines

Consequences of Obesity

The consequences of childhood obesity are both immediate and long term. It can
affect physical as well as social and emotional well-being.

· More Immediate Health Risks

o High blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are risk factors for
cardiovascular disease (CVD).

o Increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2

diabetes. o Breathing problems, such as asthma and sleep apnea.

o Joint problems and musculoskeletal discomfort.

o Fatty liver disease, gallstones, and gastro-esophageal reflux (i.e., heartburn).

· Childhood obesity is also related to.

o Psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. o Low self-esteem and

lower self-reported quality of life.

o Social problems such as bullying and stigma.

· Future Health Risks

o Children who have obesity are more likely to become adults with obesity. Adult
obesity is associated with increased risk of a number of serious health conditions
including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.

o If children have obesity, their obesity and disease risk factors in adulthood are
likely to be more severe.

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Oral Health

Refers to the health of teeth, gums, and the entire oral-facial system that allows us to smile,
speak and chew.

Tooth Decay (cavities) is one of the most common chronic conditions of childhood. Untreated
tooth decay can cause pain and infections that may lead to problems with eating, speaking,
playing and learning.

Fluoride is a mineral use to prevent tooth decay. (eg. fluoride varnish, fluoridated tap water)

Dental Sealant is used to reduce decay in the permanent molars.

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How often do you need to wash your hands?

We need to wash our hands:

• Before, during and after preparing food.
• Before eating food.
• After blowing nose, coughing and sneezing.
• After using toilet.
• After touching animal, animal feed or animal waste.
• After touching garbage
• Etc.

Caregivers can help keep children healthy by:

• Teaching them good handwashing techniques.
• Reminding them to wash their hands.
• Washing their own hands with the children.

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Some tips in preventing injuries:

1. Burns
• Never leave food cooking on the stove unattended.
• Keep children away from any appliances, irons, fireplaces, heaters and hot water.
2. Drowning
• Make sure caregivers are trained in CPR
• Have children wear life jacket in.
3. Fall
• Never leave the children unattended.
• Use safety devices (window guards, safety gates, etc.)
4. Poisoning
• Lock up all medications, toxic and chemical products.
• Know the number to poison control.
5. Motor-accident in vehicle
• Children should be in back seat.
• Use child safety lock
6. Motor-accident, pedestrian
• Teach children about safety
• Supervise children near all roadways and model safe behavior.