Introduction

Crime scene generates tracing evidence that leads to the

apprehension of dangerous criminals. Perhaps, just as
often though, potentially valuable evidence is destroyed
or rendered useless by careless behavior and handling at
the crime scene. Clearly written directives, procedures
and training for crime fighters and police investigators will
help law enforcement agencies to resolve this problem.
The ultimate responsibility rests with administrators, police
supervisors and detective to reinforce positive conduct by
sitting a good example for another officers to follow.
DRUGS EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
 The scientific examination of physical
evidence is widely accepted as a critical
element in the effort of law enforcement
agencies to conduct successful
investigations and prosecutions.

The forensic science field is an ever

changing discipline holds the key for
solving special crimes.
DRUGS EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
INVESTIGATION
❑ The collection of basic facts establishes that rules or regulations
have been committed and that the person/s is responsible thereof.
❑ the action of investigating something or someone; formal or
systematic examination or research.
❑ a thorough search for facts, especially those that are hidden or
need to be sorted out in a complex situation. The goal of
an investigation is usually to determine how or why something
happened.

CRIME DETECTION & INVESTIGATION

 CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

❑Criminal investigation is a process involving the conduct of inquiry,

collection, analysis and evaluation of data about suspects of a
crime for his/her identification, immediate location and arrest, and
a evidences are prepared the criminal investigator to prove his/her
guilt beyond reasonable doubt in court.
a)Criminal investigation is the collection of facts to accomplish the
threefold objectives:
a.To identify the offender;
b.To locate and the arrest the alleged perpetrator;
c.To provide substantial evidence of his/her guilt (Western
Police District Investigator’s Handbook).

CRIME DETECTION & INVESTIGATION

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

▪ The investigation of cases that are unique and often require

special training to fully understand their broad significance.
▪ It is a special study of modern techniques in the investigation of
serious and specific crimes including murder, homicide, rape,
abortion, robbery, arson, kidnapping, blackmail, carnapping,
and criminal negligence.
▪ Its focus is on pieces of physical evidence rather than an extra-
judicial confession and concentrates on specific crimes that by
their nature are difficult and complex to deal with.

CRIME DETECTION & INVESTIGATION

Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO)
❑Mission and Objectives of SOCO

Mission
The SOCO shall provide forensic support to criminal investigators
through the conduct of scientific crime scene processing and
establish facts relative to the crime incident.
Objectives
a. To conduct systematic crime scene processing through documentation,
collection, preservation and eventual examination of physical evidence.

b. To provide technical investigative support for the expeditious

identification, arrest and prosecution of the perpetrators.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

SOCO FUNCTIONS:
a) To determine and delineate the crime scene.
b) To ensure preservation and protection of the crime scene.
c) To conduct methodical search of physical evidence at the
crime scene
d) To document methodically the crime scene including the
physical evidence.
e) To collect properly and transport recovered physical evidence
from the crime scene for the purpose of appropriate forensic
examinations and/or safe-keeping.
f) To present before any court of law and/or any legally
mandated agency the records and testimonies of the SOCO
personnel.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

DRUGS EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
CRIME LAB FORENSIC SERVICES
1) DNA ANALYSIS DIVISION 9) CHEMISTRY DIVISION-
2) SOCO Drugs, drug test, explosive,
paraffin, toxicological, &
3) POLYGRAPH DIVISION chemical test
4) FINGERPRINT 10)PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION DIVISION-Macro-Etching of
(AFIS) Firearms & Vehicle,
5) MEDICO-LEGAL DIVISION Examinations of Trajectory, Hair &
Fiber, casting & molding,
6) QDED microscopic paint analysis, ultra
violet ex.
7) FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
8) FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION
DRUGS EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
INVESTIGATOR
In the field of special crime investigation, investigator
is the person who is tasked with the duty of carrying
out the objectives of investigation.
The job of the investigators involve the task of
identifying the criminal offender, protecting the crime
scene, collection of evidence from the crime scene,
interviewing witnesses, reconstructing the crime scene,
tracing and locating the suspect, vigorous questioning of
the suspect in custody and in observance of due process,
serves as a witness in favour of the aggrieved or offended
party. In homicide cases, if the investigator should happen
to be the first responding officer, his primary task is the
verification of death of the victim.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Crime Scene Investigation
❑ It is the conduct of process, more particularly the
following:
a) Recognition/identification
b) Search
c) Collection
d) Handling
e) Preservation and documentation of physical evidence
f) Identification and interview of witnesses
g) And the arrest of suspect/s at the crime scene.
SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION
 Crime Scene
Investigation Processes
and Procedures

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Police Desk Officer
❑ Upon the receipt of report/complaint of a crime
incident, the desk officer shall:

a. record the time the report/complaint of a

crime incident made, the identity of the person who
made the report, place of the incident and synopsis of
the incident.
b. inform his superior officer or the duty
officer regarding the report/complaint.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

First Responder- “protect & secure the crime
scene”

a) cordon off the scene with whatever available materials like

ropes, straws, human, barricade, police line, if available, etc..
b) evacuate injured persons to the nearest hospital.
c) prepare to take “dying declaration” of severely injured person,
if any.
d) prevent entry/exit of persons with in the cordoned area; and
e) prepare to brief the investigators of the situation upon their
arrival.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION PROPER

Receipt of briefing and designation of

command post
• The command post is ideally located adjacent to the scene
where the evidence custodian stays and receives the pieces
of evidences turned over to him for safe-keeping by other
evidence collectors

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Initiation of Preliminary Survey/Initial
Walk Through
How conducted by the IOC?

▪ The IOC conducts a general assessment of the scene;

▪ takes a cautious walk-through of the crime scene;
▪ takes down extensive pertinent notes to document important
factors;
▪ and establishes the evidences most likely to be encountered;
▪ defines the extent of the search area, and determines personnel and
equipment needed, and makes specific assignments.
▪ develop a general theory

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Preparation of Narrative Report

❑The TL/IOC uses the systematic approach in

making a narrative reports.
❑No items is too insignificant to record if it catches
one’s attention.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Documentation of The crime scene
❑The photographer begins taking photographs as soon as
possible.
❑The evidence collectors do not touch or even move any
evidence once it is located until has been identified,
measured, recorded and photograph (Crime scene Golden
rule).
❑The best tool in documenting the crime scene is the use of
video camera.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Crime Scene Sketches

❑A sketch is prepared indicating the actual

measurement of things with scale and
proportion observed and oriented to the
NORTH.
❑ All the necessary information is placed in
the sketched.
SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION
ROUGH SKETCH VS FINISH SKETCH

• Rough Sketch -It is a sketch made by the investigator at the

crime scene which is full of important details but without
scale and proportion. All the measurements are derived. It is
where the finished sketch is based.

• Finished Sketch -It is a sketch of the crime scene with scale

and proportion and drawn by a draftsman which can be used
for court presentation.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Types of Crime Scene Sketch
a. Location/ Neighborhood sketch – it is
used to document items on large crime scene involving
a large tract of land and/or many buildings. This sketch
can show the location of evidence and its relationship to
the overall CS, the relationship of each building to one
another, the location of vegetation, fences, street signs,
path of doors used by the suspect, location of witness in
relation to the scene.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

b. Floor plan/ Bird’s eye view sketch – it is the simplest and
most commonly used to diagram a crime scene. It may be used in
nearly all CS situations where the items of interest are located in one
place. It is also the easiest for lay people such as jury members to
comprehend.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

c. Exploded sketch/ Cross projection sketch – uses the
combination of the floor plan and the four elevation views (the walls) of a
room. The walls and the ceiling are drawn as if they are folded out with the
ceiling placed on one of the walls. The purpose of this type of sketch is to
show point of interest of the walls, ceiling and floor.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION
SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION
SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION
Detailed Search
• The search for physical evidence is done using
the accepted methods of search depending upon
the actual location to be searched.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Type of Search methods

a. Quadrant/Zone method/sector
This method is recommended in usually wide areas where a
searcher or group of searchers are assigned to each zone or sub-
zone.
Type of search method

b. Strip method- This can be performed by either one

searcher or a group. The scene is divided into imaginary
parallel strips or lanes about one meter wide. The searcher
moves slowly along the imaginary strips from one side to the
opposite side. However, if there are two or more searchers,
they should move slowly back and forth parallel to the strips.
Type of searching methods

c. Grid or Double Strip method

The double strip method is a modified strip search method where the
rectangular is traversed first parallel to the base then parallel the side.
d. Spiral method/Circle Method
The searchers follow each other along the path of a spiral either
inward (towards the inside, center, or interior) or outward
depending on the type of crime and the physical nature of the
crime scene.
 Spiral

DRUGS EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

e. Wheel/Pie/Spoke method
Based on the establishment of a circle surrounding the CS. The
circle is then divided into six quadrants in a pie-like fashion.
Searchers start at the center then slowly proceeding outside.
Collection of Physical Evidence
• The TL/IOC is always informed of any significant evidence
located. The evidence collector shall put his initial , location,
date of collection on the item and turned over it to the
evidence custodian for documentation and safekeeping. In
cases where the evidences encountered needs special
processing due to significant or sensational cases, the SOCO
specialist of CL shall be requested.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Conduct of Final Survey
The TL/IOC makes a final review of the crime
scene to determine whether or not the
processing has been completed.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Release of the Crime Scene
The release of the crime scene shall be done if the
investigator is satisfied that all pieces of evidence had been
recovered. Thus, the investigator must evaluate the items
recovered from the results of the interrogation of the
suspect/s and the interview of witnesses. He must bear in
mind that upon the formal release of the crime scene to the
proper authority, a warrant is already required for his re-
entry to the crime scene.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Conduct of Interview
• While the crime scene is being processed, the
team leader shall designate other members to
look for witnesses and immediately conduct
interview. The assigned investigators shall jot
down important facts for future references.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

Arrest of Suspect/s
Upon arrival at the crime scene , the TL shall endeavor
to arrest the suspect/s if he is still at the crime scene or
the first responder did not arrest the suspects. The
suspects shall be secured and shall be separated from
the other witness.

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION