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    Brain and Body Research

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    The document discusses the history and scientific developments of understanding how electricity works in the human body and brain. It notes that in the 18th century, doctors first experimented with static electricity to cure diseases and Luigi Galvani did experiments showing electric signals could activate muscles. It explains that ions create electrical currents as they pass through cell membranes and that neurons use rapid electrical impulses to function. A new voltage-sensing technique allows researchers to see more individual neuron activity and small fluctuations in activity that were difficult to detect before.

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    Brain and Body Research

    Uploaded by

    api-668966665
    42 views5 pages
    The document discusses the history and scientific developments of understanding how electricity works in the human body and brain. It notes that in the 18th century, doctors first experimented with static electricity to cure diseases and Luigi Galvani did experiments showing electric signals could activate muscles. It explains that ions create electrical currents as they pass through cell membranes and that neurons use rapid electrical impulses to function. A new voltage-sensing technique allows researchers to see more individual neuron activity and small fluctuations in activity that were difficult to detect before.

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    The document discusses the history and scientific developments of understanding how electricity works in the human body and brain. It notes that in the 18th century, doctors first experimented with static electricity to cure diseases and Luigi Galvani did experiments showing electric signals could activate muscles. It explains that ions create electrical currents as they pass through cell membranes and that neurons use rapid electrical impulses to function. A new voltage-sensing technique allows researchers to see more individual neuron activity and small fluctuations in activity that were difficult to detect before.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views5 pages

    Brain and Body Research

    Uploaded by

    api-668966665
    The document discusses the history and scientific developments of understanding how electricity works in the human body and brain. It notes that in the 18th century, doctors first experimented with static electricity to cure diseases and Luigi Galvani did experiments showing electric signals could activate muscles. It explains that ions create electrical currents as they pass through cell membranes and that neurons use rapid electrical impulses to function. A new voltage-sensing technique allows researchers to see more individual neuron activity and small fluctuations in activity that were difficult to detect before.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Where it Started

    The first ever realization of electricity in human bodies was around 1750 when doctors and
    medical researchers experimented with static electricity generated through fruition. They were
    attempting to cure disease with what they called “electric fire”. Then, In the mid eighteenth
    century, Luigi Galvani did seminal experiments on how electric signals activated muscles in the
    body. He made the legs of frogs twitch after zapping them with electrodes.

    How Energy and Electricity Works in our Brain and Body

    The substances that make up our body, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium,
    have a distinct electrical charge (the physical property of matter that causes a force when
    placed in an electromagnetic field). These charged particles can be used by almost all of our
    cells to produce energy.

    A cell membrane shields the interior of the cell from the external world. Lipids that make up
    this cell membrane form a barrier that only specific substances can pass through in order to
    enter the interior of the cell.
    The cell membrane is a barrier to the molecules. The outside environment is more positively
    charged than resting cells are on the inside. This is because of an imbalance between positive
    and negative ions within and outside of the cell. Electrical currents are produced by charges
    moving across the cell membrane. (a neuron firing)

    Proteins that sit on the cell surface and make an opening for some ions to pass through help
    the passage of particular charged elements across the membrane in cells. These proteins are
    called ion channels. A cell that is stimulated opens its ion channels, which means positive
    charges can enter the cell.

    Understanding the Brain and Scientific Developments

    A neuron is a cell body with two branches called the axon and dendrite. Rapid electrical
    impulses are used by brain cells to function, this is how we think and act. For a very long time,
    it has been difficult for scientists to understand how particular neurons cooperate in complex
    circuits.

    Even when a neuron is not spiking electrical activity dramatically, extremely minute changes
    in activity can still be detected using the novel voltage sensor. In the past it has been very
    challenging for neuroscientists to analyze how little variations affect a neuron's overall
    function in human brains.

    Measuring Brian Activity


    Brain cells function using rapid electrical impulses. For a long time, it’s been challenging for
    scientists to see exactly how individual neurons work together in larger circuits.

    Now, a new technique finally gives the clearest picture ever of brain cell activity. Using a
    voltage-sensing molecule that fluorescently lights up when brain cells are electrically active,
    researchers at Boston University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have shown
    that they can see the activity of many more individual neurons than before as they fire inside
    the brains of mice.
    With the new voltage sensor, it is also possible to measure very small fluctuations in activity
    that occur even when a neuron is not firing a big spike in electrical activity. This could help
    neuroscientists study how small fluctuations impact a neuron’s overall behavior, which has
    very difficult to do with human brains in the past.

    Cell Membranes and Neurons

    Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have a neutral charge, and electrons have a negative
    charge.

    Electricity is the movement of charged particles through a cell's membrane, which is its outer
    layer. An electrical wave travels the entire length of a neuron, because of the movement of ions.
    Branches on the neuron called dendrites receive signals while an axon, a longer, more
    straightforward projection, transmits signals.
    There are communication connectors called synapses towards the end of the axon.
    Neurotransmitters, which are chemical signals, are released at synapses. To start a new
    electrical wave in that neuron, these impulses are sent to another neuron.

    What we Still Don’t Know


    1. The total combination of all the matter than brian is made up of
    2. Exactly how neurons communicate with each other

    Sources

    How Does Natural Electricity of the Human Body Work

    How does my Brain Communicate with my Body

    How Much Energy does the Brain Use

    Conduction of Electrical Current Through the Body

    Why the Brain Uses so much Energy

    To Dos:
    1. Product: I recommend making a clay model of a neuron instead of a model of a brain

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