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Immunity

This document provides an overview of a Microbiology presentation on immunity. The presentation covers: - The definition of immunity and types of immunity - The immunization schedule - Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, including the four types of hypersensitivity reactions - Principles and uses of serological tests, which are blood tests that detect antibodies to diagnose diseases. - The presentation concludes with references used in preparing the content.

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Kailash Nagar
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Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
511 views

Immunity

This document provides an overview of a Microbiology presentation on immunity. The presentation covers: - The definition of immunity and types of immunity - The immunization schedule - Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, including the four types of hypersensitivity reactions - Principles and uses of serological tests, which are blood tests that detect antibodies to diagnose diseases. - The presentation concludes with references used in preparing the content.

Uploaded by

Kailash Nagar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course – GNM 1st Year

Subject – Microbiology
Presentation Title - immunity

BY MR. KAILASH NAGAR

Dinsha Patel College of Nursing


INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF IMMUNITY
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE

Content HYPERSENSITIVITY AND


AUTOIMMUNITY
PRINCIPLES AND USES OF
SEROLOGICAL TESTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Introduction
IMMUNITY IS A STATE OF
RESISTANCE OF AN ORGANISM
TO INVADING BIOTIC OR
ABIOTIC PATHOGENS AND
THEIR HARMFUL EFFECTS THAT
PREVENTS THE DEVELOPMENT
OF INFECTION AND MAINTAINS
ORGANISM'S INTEGRITY BY
COUNTERACING,
NEUTRALIZING, AND CLEARING
PATHOGENS.
Definition

IMMUNITY IS THE POWER


TO RESIST AND OVERCOME
INFECTION CAUSED BY
PARTICULAR ORGANISM.
IMMUNITY IS THE
RESISTANCE SHOWN BY
THE HOST TOWARDS INJURY
CAUSED BY
MICROORGANISM AND
THEIR PRODUCTS.
Types Of
Immunity
Immunization
Schedule
Hypersensitivity
HYPERSENSITIVITY IS AN IMMUNOLOGICAL STATE IN WHICH THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM “OVER-REACTS” TO FOREIGN ANTIGEN SUCH THAT
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE ITSELF IS MORE HARMFUL THAN THE
ANTIGEN.
ALL TYPES OF HYPERSENSITIVITY INVOLVE :
• THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
• I.E., HIGHLY SPECIFIC REACTIONS VIA T OR B CELLS
• PRIOR EXPOSURE TO THE ANTIGEN
• THE INITIAL EXPOSURE SENSITIZES THE INDIVIDUAL BUT
DOES NOT CAUSE A HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION
• HYPERSENSITIVITY IS ONLY SEEN ON SECONDARY EXPOSURE
Types of Hypersensitivity
Type 3 :
Type 1: Type 2: Type 4 :
Immune
Immediate Cytotoxic Delayed
Complex
Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity
Type 1: Hypersensitivity-
Includes Allergic
Reactions

 Type 1 Hypersensitivity reactions


are initiated by antigens reacting
with cell bound antibody usually
IgE. IgE I called reaginic antibody
 IgE antibodies are cytotropic
antibodies because they are fixed
on the surface of tissue .
Type 2 : Hypersensitivity-
Generally Cytolytic OR
Cytotoxic Reaction That
Distroy Host Cell

 Cytotoxic type 2 reaction are


intiated by antibody usually,
IgG or IgM reacting with cell
bound antigen
Type 3 : Hypersensitivity
[immune complex
mediated disease]

 Immune complex midiated


reaction are intiated by
antigens antibody(immune)
complexces that either are
formed loacally at the site of
tissue damage or are
deposited there form the
circulation.
Type 4 :
Hypersensitivity/De
layed type
hypersensitivity
[DTH]

 In type 4 hypersensitivity
the antigen activates
specifically sensitized T
lymphocytes leading to the
secretion of lymphokines,
which mediates this
hypersensitivity .
Autoimmunity
 A misdirected immune response
that occurs when the immune
system goes awry and attacks the
body itself. Autoimmunity is
present to some extent in everyone
and is usually harmless. However,
autoimmunity can cause a broad
range of human illnesses, known
collectively as autoimmune
diseases.
SEROLOGIC TESTS

Serologic tests have one thing in


common. They all focus on proteins
Serologic tests are blood tests that
made by your immune system. This
look for antibodies in your blood. They
vital body system helps keep you
can involve a number of laboratory
healthy by destroying foreign invaders
techniques. Different types of
that can make you ill. The process for
serologic tests are used to diagnose
having the test is the same regardless
various disease conditions.
of which technique the laboratory
uses during serologic testing.
These are divided into 3
Groups :

1. Agglutination Tests – Ex. -


widal test
Serological
Tests 2. Precipation Tests – Ex. –
Kahn test

3. Complement Fixation
Tests – Ex. – Wasserman Test
Conclusion

The immune system responds to foreign pathogens and


cancer cells by activating specific and nonspecific
immune responses. The goal of immunotherapy is to
enhance these responses to control the growth of
cancer cells. Knowledge of the influence of stress on
immune and cytokine response is evolving.

Knowledge of the principles of immunology, the


immune response to cancer, the role of
cytokines in mediating immune response, and
the influence of stress on immune and cytokine
response will help nurses provide quality care to
patients receiving biological agents.
References

 Short Textbook of Microbiology By Neeraj Sethi 2012,Lotus


Publishers.
 Agarwal A., Nayak B. P., Rao K. V. S. B cell responses to a peptide
epitope. VII. Antigen-dependent modulation of the germinal center
reaction. Journal of Immunology. 1998;161:5832–5841.
 Ayala F. J. The myth of Eve: molecular biology and human
origins. Science. 1995;270:1930–1936.
 Barbour A. G. Immunobiology of relapsing fever. Contributions to
Microbiology and Immunology. 1987;8:125–137.
Thank You

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