POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]

SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21EE42 CIE Marks 50
Number of Lecture 3L+1T SEE Marks 50
Hour/Week
Number of Lecture Hours 48 Exam Hours 03
CREDITS-4
Course Objectives:This course will enable students to:
• Understand the details of hydel power generation, the basics of nuclear ,thermal power generation
and photovoltaic power conversion system.
• Calculate the parameters of the transmission line for different configurations.
• Understand the performance of different transmission lines at different voltage levels.
• Understand types of insulators for a given voltage level.
• Analyze different types of underground cables and AC distribution system.

Modules Teaching Hours

Module -1
Hydel Power Generation: Selection of site. Classification of hydro-electric 10 Hours
plants, General arrangement and operation, advantages and disadvantages.
Nuclear Power Generation: Environmental aspects for selecting the sites
and locations of nuclear power stations, constituents of nuclear power station
& working, advantages and disadvantages.
Wind Power Plant: Introduction to wind energy, basic Principles of wind
energy conversion, site selection , advantages and disadvantages.
Thermal Power Generation: Main components of thermal power generation,
Working, advantages and disadvantages.
Photovoltaic Power Conversion systems: Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems,
Operating principle, Types of solar cells, module, array (Series and parallel
connections).
Module -2
Line parameters: Inductance of single phase lines ,Inductance of three phase 10 Hours
single line and double line for both symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing,
Inductance of composite conductor lines, concept of GMD and GMR,
Numericals.
Capacitance of single phase lines ,capacitance of 3phase 1-line and 2-line for
both symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing, effect of ground on capacitance,
Numericals.
Module -3
Performance of transmission lines: Classification of transmission lines – 10 Hours
Short, Medium and Long lines. Calculation of regulation and efficiency of
short, medium lines. Analysis of long transmission lines by Rigorous method.
ABCD constants of transmission lines, Numericals.
Module -4
 Overhead line Insulators: Types of insulators ,String efficiency and methods 8 Hours
to improve string efficiency. Sag calculation of transmission lines for tower at
equal heights and at unequal heights. Effect of ice ,wind on sag calculation,
string chart, Numericals.
Module-5
Underground cables: Types and construction of single phase and three phase 10 Hours
cables, insulation resistance and capacitance of single phase cables, Grading of
Cables-Capacitance and Inter-sheath.
AC Distribution: Primary AC distribution systems – Radial feeders, parallel
feeders, Secondary AC distribution systems – Three phase 4 wire system
,Numericals.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1: Explain the concepts of Hydel, nuclear ,thermal power generation and concept of photovoltaic
power conversion system.
CO2: Calculate the parameters of the transmission line for different configurations and assess their
performance.
CO3: Determine the parameters of short, medium and long transmission systems for different voltage
levels.
CO4: Explain the types of overhead line insulators for a given voltage level and calculate the string
efficiency.
CO5: Determine the parameters of underground cables and analyze AC distribution system.

Text Book:
1. A Text book of Power System Engineering, A Chakrabarti, M. L Soni, P. V. Gupta, U. S.
Bhatnagar , Dhanpat Rai Publication.
2. Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution, S. N. Singh, PHI 2nd edition, 2009.
3. Electrical Power Systems, C.L.Wadhwa, New Age Internationals, 5th edition2009.
4. Principles of Power System V.K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta S. Chand Publishers 1stEdition 2013.
5. Electrical power systems, Ashfaq Hussain, CBS Publication.
6. Electric Power Distribution ,A.S. Pabla ,Mc Graw-Hill 6thEdition,2011.
 DC MACHINES AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21EE43 CIE Marks 50
Number of Lecture 3L SEE Marks 50
Hour/Week
Number of Lecture 40 Exam Hours 03
Hours
CREDITS- 03
Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
• Understand the concepts of DC Generators and DC Motors and their characteristics.
• Conduct tests on DC Generators and DC Motors for analyzing their performance.
• Understand construction, working and characteristics of Synchronous Generators .
• Conduct tests on Synchronous Generator to find voltage regulation using different methods.
• Understand the necessity and conditions for the parallel operation of synchronous generators
and Basics of synchronous motor.

Modules Teaching Hours

Module -1
DC Generators : Construction, Types, Armature windings, EMF 08 Hours
Equation, Armature reaction, Commutation, Types and methods to
improve commutation, compensating windings, magnetization curve, No
Load and Full Load characteristics of DC generators.
DC Motors: Working, Classification, Back emf and it’s significance,
Torque equation, Characteristics of shunt, series & compound motors.
Starters: Need of starter, 3-point starter for DC motor, Applications of DC
motors. Numericals.
Module-2
DC Motors (Continued): Speed control of shunt, series and compound 08 Hours
motors. Losses in DC motors, power flow diagram, efficiency.
Tests on DC motors: Brake load test, Swinburne’s test, Retardation test,
Hopkinson’s test, Field’s test, merits and demerits of these tests.
Numericals.
Module -3
Synchronous generators : Construction and operation of salient & non- 08 Hours
salient pole synchronous generators. Armature windings, winding factors,
emf equation.
Harmonics: Effects, causes and elimination.
Leakage reactance, Armature reaction, Synchronous reactance, Equivalent
circuit, Phasor diagram, Generator load characteristics. Power-angle
characteristics and synchronizing power. Numericals.
Module -4
 Synchronous generators(Continued): Effects of saliency, Two-reaction 08 Hours
theory, Direct and Quadrature reactances, Slip test, Power-angle diagram,
Reluctance power. Open circuit and short circuit characteristics, short
circuit ratio, Voltage regulation and determination of voltage regulation by
EMF, MMF and ZPF methods.
Module-5
Synchronous generators(Continued): Parallel operation of Synchronous 08 Hours
generators, Methods of synchronization, Synchronous generator connected
to infinite bus.
Synchronous motors: Principle of operation, effect of variation in load,
effect of variation in excitation, V and inverted V curves, Hunting and
starting methods.
Course Outcomes:

On completion of the course, the student will have the ability to:
CO1:Explain the operation of DC generator and DC motor and describe their characteristics.
CO2:Discuss the speed control methods and tests of DC motors.
CO3:Explain the operation and analysis of synchronous generator.
CO4:Explain different methods to determine voltage regulation of synchronous generator.
CO5:Explain the methods of synchronization of synchronous generators and Basics of
synchronous motors.
Text Books:
1. Electric Machines, Ashfaq Hussain, Dhanpat Rai Publication, 2ndEdition.

Reference Books :
1. Electric Machines, D. P. Kothari, I. J. Nagrath, Mc Graw Hill 4thEdition,2011.
2. Performance and Design of A.C. Machines, M. G. Say, CBS
Publishers 3rdEdition, 2002.
3. Electrical Technology Volume II, B, L, Theraja, S Chand Publications,2015.
4. Electrical Machines, M.V. Deshpande, PHI Learning PVT LTD ,1st Edition,2013.

CONTROL SYSTEMS
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21EE44 CIE Marks 50
Number Lecture Hour/Week 3L SEE Marks 50
Number of Lecture Hours 40 Exam Hours 03
CREDITS – 3
Course Objectives: This course will enable students to :

• Understand a control system and also modeling of physical systems.

• Obtain transfer function of a closed loop control system using block diagram reduction
method and signal flow graph method.
• Understand transient and steady state response of a control system and to determine the
stability of a system using Routh’s stability criterion.
• Understand the stability analysis using root locus technique and Bode plot.
• Understand stability of a control system using Nyquist plot and design of control systems.
Modules Teaching Hours

Module -1

Introduction to Control Systems: Introduction, Classification of control 08 Hours

systems.

Mathematical models of physical systems: Modeling of mechanical,

Electrical and Analogous systems, Transfer function, Procedure for deriving
transfer functions, Single input, single output systems, Servomotors, synchro,
gear trains , numericals.

Module -2

Block diagram: Block diagram of a closed loop system, procedure for 08 Hours
drawing block diagram, block diagram reduction and determination of
Transfer function.

Signal Flow Graphs: Basic properties of signal flow graph , construction of

signal flow graph for control systems to determine transfer function,
numericals.

Module -3

Time Domain Analysis: Standard test signals, Time response of first and 08 Hours
second order systems, Steady state errors and error constants.

Routh Stability Criterion: Bounded Input Bounded Output stability,

Necessary conditions for stability, Routh stability criterion, Difficulties in
formulation of Routh table, Application of Routh stability criterion to linear
feedback systems, Relative stability analysis, numericals.

Module -4

Root Locus Technique: Introduction, root locus concepts, construction of 08 Hours

root loci, rules for the construction of root locus.
Frequency Response Analysis: Co-relation between time and frequency
response of second order systems only.

Bode Plots: Basic concepts, General procedure for constructing Bode plots,
computation of gain margin and phase margin.

Module-5

Nyquist Plot: Basic concepts, Stability criterion, Assessment of relative 08 Hours

stability using Nyquist plot.

Design of Control Systems: Introduction, Design with PD , PI ,PID, Phase-

Lead , Phase - Lag and Phase Lead-Lag Controllers.

Course Outcomes:

After studying this course, students will be able to:

CO1: Classify the control system and develop mathematical modeling of a physical system.

CO2: Draw the block diagram and signal flow graph to obtain the transfer function of a system.

CO3: Determine the stability of linear time invariant system using Routh’s Stability criterion.

CO4: Determine Stability analysis of a system using Root locus and Bode plot.

CO5: Determine Stability analysis of a system using Nyquist criterion and design a control
system using various controllers.

Text Book:

1 Control Systems ,Anand Kumar,PHI 2nd Edition, 2014

Reference Books:

1 . Automatic Control Systems, Farid Golnaraghi, Benjamin C. Kuo , Wiley 9th Edition, 2010.

2. Control Systems Engineering, Norman S, Nise Wiley 4th Edition, 2004.

3. Modern Control Systems, Richard C, Dorf et al, Pearson 11th Edition, 2008.

4. Control Systems, Principles and Design M. Gopal, McGaw Hill 4th Edition, 2012.

5.Control Systems Engineering, S. Salivahanan et al, Pearson 1st Edition, 2015.

6. Modern Control Theory R. V. Parvatikar, Prism Books Pvt. Ltd. , 1st Edition, 2014.
 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21EE45 CIE Marks 50
Number of Lecture 02 SEE Marks 50
Hour/Week
Number of Lecture Hours 26 Exam Hours 03

CREDITS- 02
Course Objectives: This course will enable students to understand:
● Methods of Measurement of Resistance.
● Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance.
● Measurement of Power and Energy.
● Methods of Extension of Instrument ranges.
● Working of Electronic and Digital Instruments.
Modules Teaching
Hours

Module -1
Introduction to Measurement and Measurement of Resistance: Accuracy, 05 Hours
Precision, Resolution, Reliability, Repeatability, Validity and standards of
Measurement.
Wheatstone bridge, Sensitivity and limitations, Kelvin’s Double Bridge, Earth
resistance measurement by fall of potential method and Megger, Numericals.
Module-2 06 Hours
Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance: Sources and Detectors, Maxwells
Inductance bridge, Hey’s bridge, Anderson’s bridge, Measurement of Capacitance by
De-Sauty’s bridge, Low voltage Schering bridge, Numericals.

Module -3
Measurement of Power and Energy: Dynamometer type wattmeter, Errors in 06 Hours
dynamometer wattmeter, Dynamometer type power factor meter. Induction type Single
phase Energy meter, Calibration of Single phase Energy meter, Electronic Energy
Meter, Numericals.

Module -4
Extension of Instrument ranges: Desirable features of ammeter and voltmeters, 05 Hours
Shunts and Multipliers, Construction and theory of Instrument transformer(CT and PT)
Numericals.

Module-5
Electronic and Digital Instruments: Introduction, Essentials of Electronic 04 Hours
Instruments, Advantages. True RMS reading voltmeter, Electronic Multi-meter,
Classification of Digital Voltmeter, LVDT.

Course Outcomes: After studying this course, students will be able to:

CO1. Measure Resistance using different Bridges.

CO2. Measure Inductance and Capacitance using various Bridges.
CO3. Measure Power and Energy using Wattmeter and Energy meter respectively.
CO4. Explain the methods of extension of range of a meter and concept of Current and Potential
Transformers.
CO5. Explain working of various Electronic Instruments.

1. A.K. Sawhney, Electrical and Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation, Dhanpat Rai
and Co, 10th Edition,SS.
Reference Books :
1 . J.B. Gupta, A Course in Electronics and Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation,
Katson Books, 2013 Edition.
2. Er. R.K Rajput, Electrical and Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, S Chand, 5th
Edition, 2012.
3. S.C Bhargava, Electrical Measuring Instruments and Measurements, BS Publications, 2013.
4. David A Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, Oxford University, 3rdEdition,
2013.
 DC MACHINES AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES LAB
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21EEL46 CIE Marks 50
Number Lab Hour/Week 2 SEE Marks 50
Number of Lab Hours 24 Exam Hours 03
CREDITS-1
Course Objectives:
This course will enable the students :
• To conduct tests on DC machines to determine their performance.
• To control the speed of DC motor.
• To conduct test for pre-determination of the performance characteristics of DC machines.
• To Conduct different tests on synchronous generators to evaluate its performance.

SL NO Experiments

1. Load test on a DC motor.

2. Load test on DC generator.

3. Field’s test on DC series Machines.

4. Speed control of DC motor by armature voltage control and flux control.

5. Swinburne’s Test on DC motor.

6. Retardation test on DC shunt motor.

7. Regenerative test on DC Machines.

8. Voltage regulation of a synchronous generator by EMF and MMF methods.

9. Voltage regulation of a synchronous generator by ZPF method.

10. Slip test - measurement of direct and Quadrature axis reactance and predetermination
regulation of salient pole synchronous machines.

11. Performance of synchronous generator connected to infinite bus, under constant power and
variable excitation & vice - versa.(Demonstration).

Course outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

CO1:Test DC machines to determine their characteristics.
CO2:Control the speed of DC motor.

CO3:Pre-determine the performance characteristics of Dc machines by conducting suitable tests.

CO4:Compute voltage regulation of synchronous generator using the test data obtained in the laboratory.

CO5:Demonstrate synchronization of synchronous generator connected to infinite bus.

Graduate Attributes (As per NBA)

Engineering Knowledge, Problem Analysis, Individual and Team work, Communication.

Conduct of Practical Examination:

1. laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
2. Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of answer script to be strictly adhered
by the examiners.
3. Students can pick one experiment from the questions lot prepared by the examiners.
4. Change of experiment is allowed only once and 15% Marks allotted to the procedure part to be made
zero.
 CONTROL SYSTEMS LAB
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21EEL47 CIE Marks 50
Number of Lab Hour/Week 2 SEE Marks 50
Number of Lab Hours 20 Exam Hours 03
CREDITS-1
Course Objectives:
This course will enable the students to :
• Determine speed-torque characteristics of AC and DC servomotors and synchro transmitter and
receiver pair.
• Design and analyze Lead, Lag and Lag – Lead compensators for given specifications.
• Simulate the effect of various controllers on second order system on the step response.
• Simulate bode plot, Nyquist plot and root locus for a given systems.

SL Experiments
NO

1. Speed torque characteristics of (i) AC servo motor (ii) DC servo motor.

2. Synchro pair characteristics.

3. Frequency response of a second order system.

4. Determination of i) frequency response ii) transfer function of a RC lead compensating

network.

5. Determination of i) frequency response ii) transfer function of a RC lag compensating

network.

6. Determination of i) frequency response ii) transfer function of a lag- lead

compensating network.
7. Simulation of second order system and to determine step response and to evaluate time
response specifications.
8. Study the effect of P,PI,PD and PID controllers on the step response of a second order
system.
9. Simulation of the effect of open loop gain on transient response of a closed loop system
using Root locus.
10. Determination of stability of given transfer function using Bode plot, Nyquist plot and Root
locus.

Course outcomes:
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1: Determine the performance characteristics of AC and DC servomotors and synchro-transmitter
receiver pair.
CO2:Design and analyze Lead, Lag and Lag – Lead compensators for given specifications.
CO3: Determine the step response of a given second order system and to study the effect of
additional poles and zeros.
CO4: Determine the effect of P,PI ,PD and PID controllers on the step response of a system.
CO5: Determine stability analysis of a given system using Root locus, Bode plot and Nyquist plot.
Graduate Attributes (As per NBA)
Engineering Knowledge, Problem Analysis, Individual and Team work, Communication.

Conduct of Practical Examination:

1. Laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
2. Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of answer script to be strictly
adhered by the examiners.
3. Students can pick one experiment from the questions lot prepared by the examiners.
4. Change of experiment is allowed only once and 15% Marks allotted to the procedure part to be
made zero.
 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS LAB
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21EEL48 CIE Marks 50
Number Lab Hours/Week 2 SEE Marks 50
Number of Lab Hours 20 Exam Hours 03
CREDITS-1
Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students :

• To know the procedure for measuring the Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance.
• To extend the range of ammeter and voltmeter.
• To know the procedure for measuring the frequency using Wein’s bridge.
• To understand the performance of LVDT.

SL Experiments
NO

1. Measurement of unknown Resistance using Wheatstone bridge.

2. Measurement of low Resistance using Kelvin’s double bridge.

3. Measurement of Inductance using Maxwell Inductance Capacitance Bridge.

4. Measurement of Capacitance using Schering Bridge.

5. Measurement of earth resistance using Meggar.

6. Range extension of Ammeter using Shunt resistor.

7. Range extension of Voltmeter using multiplier.

8. Measurement of frequency using Wein’s bridge.

9. Calibration of Dynamometer type power factor meter.

10. Performance of LVDT.

Course outcomes:
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1:Measure Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance using various bridges.

CO2:Measure the earth resistance.

CO3: Extend the range of voltmeter and ammeter.

CO4:Meausre the frequency using Wein’s bridge.

CO5:Study the performance of LVDT.

Graduate Attributes (As per NBA)

Engineering Knowledge, Problem Analysis, Individual and Team work, Communication.

Conduct of Practical Examination:

1. All pLaboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
2. Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of answer script to be strictly
adhered by the examiners.
3. Students can pick one experiment from the questions lot prepared by the examiners.
4. Change of experiment is allowed only once and 15% Marks allotted to the procedure part to be
made zero.
 SIMULATION OF DC MACHINES AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21AECEE4111 CIE Marks 50
Number Lab Hour/Week 2 SEE Marks 50
Number of Lab Hours 24 Exam Hours 03
CREDITS-1
Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students :

• To conduct tests on DC machines to determine their performance.
• To control the speed of DC motor.
• To conduct test for pre-determination of the performance characteristics of DC machines.
• To Conduct different tests on synchronous generators to evaluate its performance.

SL Experiments
NO

1. Field Test on dc series machines.

2. Speed control of dc shunt motor by armature and field control.

3. Swinburne’s Test on dc motor.

4. Regenerative test on dc shunt machines.

5. Voltage regulation of an alternator by EMF and MMF methods.

6. Voltage regulation of an alternator by ZPF method.

7. Power angle curve of synchronous generator.

8. Slip test – Measurement of direct and quadrature axis reactance and predetermination of
regulation of salient pole synchronous machines.

9. Load test on dc shunt motor to draw speed – torque and horse power – efficiency
characteristics.

Course outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

CO1:Test DC machines to determine their characteristics.

CO2:Control the speed of DC motor.

CO3:Pre-determine the performance characteristics of Dc machines by conducting suitable tests.

CO4:Compute voltage regulation of synchronous generator using the test data obtained in the
laboratory.

CO5:Demonstrate synchronization of synchronous generator connected to infinite bus.

Graduate Attributes (As per NBA)

Engineering Knowledge, Problem Analysis, Individual and Team work, Communication.

Conduct of Practical Examination:

1. Laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
2. Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of answer script to be strictly
adhered by the examiners.
3. Students can pick one experiment from the questions lot prepared by the examiners.
4. Change of experiment is allowed only once and 15% Marks allotted to the procedure part to be
made zero.
 SIMULATION OF OP-AMP
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
SEMESTER-IV
Subject Code 21AECEE4112 CIE Marks 50
Number Lab Hour/Week 2 SEE Marks 50
Number of Lab Hours 24 Exam Hours 03
CREDITS-1
Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students to :

• Design and analyze voltage follower, inverting and non-inverting amplifier, full wave rectifier.
• Design and analyze frequency response of an Op-amp under inverting and non - inverting
configuration for a given gain.
• Design and Analyze of Op-amp based on RC Phase Shift Oscillator, Wein Bridge Oscillator
and Schmitt Trigger.
• Design and Analyze of Op-amp based on voltage comparator circuit, zero crossing detector,
adder, subtractor, integrator and differentiator.
• Design and Analysis of Frequency Response Characteristics of filters.

SL Experiments
NO
1. Design and Analysis of (i) Voltage Follower (ii) Inverting & Non – Inverting Amplifier.

2. Design and Analysis of full wave rectifier and determine its performance parameters.

3. Design and Analysis of frequency response of an Operational Amplifier under inverting and
non - inverting configuration for a given gain.

4. Design and Analysis of Operational Amplifier based RC Phase Shift Oscillator.

5. Design and Analysis of an Operational Amplifier based Wein Bridge Oscillator.

6. Design and Analysis of Operational Amplifier based Schmitt Trigger.

7. Design and Analysis of Operational Amplifier based (i) Voltage Comparator circuit and (ii)
Zero Crossing Detector.

8. Design and Analysis of Op-Amp based (i) Adder (ii) Subtractor (iii) Integrator and (iv)
Differentiator.

9. Design and Analysis of Frequency Response Characteristics Op-Amp based First Order
Butterworth (i) Low Pass, (ii) High Pass Filters.

10. Design and Analysis of Frequency Response Characteristics Op-Amp based First Order
Butterworth (i) Band Pass, (ii) Band Rejection Filters.
Course outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

CO1:Design and analyze voltage follower, inverting and non-inverting amplifier, full wave rectifier.
CO2:Design and analyze frequency response of an Op-amp under inverting and non - inverting
configuration for a given gain.
CO3:Design and Analyze of Op-amp based on RC Phase Shift Oscillator, Wein Bridge Oscillator and
Schmitt Trigger.
CO4:Design and Analyze of Op-amp based on voltage comparator circuit, zero crossing detector,
adder, subtractor, integrator and differentiator.
CO5:Design and Analysis of Frequency Response Characteristics of filters.

Graduate Attributes (As per NBA)

Engineering Knowledge, Problem Analysis, Individual and Team work, Communication.

Conduct of Practical Examination:

1. Laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
2. Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of answer script to be strictly
adhered by the examiners.
3. Students can pick one experiment from the questions lot prepared by the examiners.
4. Change of experiment is allowed only once and 15% Marks allotted to the procedure part to be
made zero.