Research Paper
Research Paper
Research Paper
A Research Paper:
Presented to
Mrs. Gemma R. Leyros
Grade – 10 English Teacher
Presented by :
Mark P. Nisperos
April Jane A. Avila
Chloe R. Escultor
Jervy O. Estoque
Jollian Beluan
Table of Contents
PAGE
COVER PAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TITLE PAGE-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Introduction 1
Reading means many things to many people. It can be one of the most rewarding,
preoccupation of the individual and making it possible to partake of means accumulated
experience and achievements through the ages. It also plays a vital role in one’s success in
school.
Reading is one of the most important skills in English than an individual must need to
master. It is a toll subject for its prerequisite of all learning areas. It serves as a gateway to
every student to learn the different subjects because students have a difficulty in reading,
they may encounter also difficulties in all subject areas.
The secret to knowledge is being able to read well. The ability to fully and accurately
interpret a printed or electronic page is a requirement for reading in modern society. Failure
to read paves the way for all kinds of catastrophes in the society. Therefore, it is important
that students should be encouraged to inculcate the spirit of reading right from the secondary
level to the advanced level to empower them to have considerable reading skills. Reading
promotes brain growth and is thought to exercise the eye muscles.
Reading requires higher degrees of focus and improves a person’s logical and
analytical skills. It is a luxury that improves the knowledge continuously learned. Reading
regularly also aids readers in learning new terms, discovery of new words and expressions
that one may encounter in daily speech. The habit can become a healthy addiction and adds to
the information available on various topics.
CHAP
TER 1
OF
RESE
ARC
2
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
The researchers emphasize the importance of this study for the reasons that for the
past five months since the school year 2022 – 2023 had started, they found out and actually
observed and encountered reading problems most specially in Grade 7 students, and has felt
the need or strong reading program, the Grade 7 students needed.
It is important that the school must prioritize communication rather than the delivery
of knowledge. This study intends to show that reading programs in secondary schools should
be prioritized, and should assist kids especially the slow learners in approaching their elders
once they encounter reading difficulties.
Lastly, the word recognition alone does not guarantee success in reading. Reading
doesn't happen unless the reader understands what is written on the page. Understanding what
is read in writing requires deriving meaning from it. In fact, reading that doesn't include
comprehension shouldn't even be referred to be reading. Understanding should be considered
a general skill for everyone.
The purpose of this research study is to examine the effects of reading habit
on the academic performance of Grade 7 students of Dakung Patag National High
School.
Research Questions
Teachers should encourage students to regularly use the school library and
study any academic literatures that would improve their reading habits and
comprehension skills. Students should be encouraged to routinely check out books from
the library as this can help them develop a good reading skill. And for the students to be
inspired of reading books, there should be a policy in the school to award students who
can read and express themselves better. And also, the school should fill its library with
astounding and captivating books that would attract students to come to the library
regularly.
1. This study is limited only to the selected Grade 7 students of Dakung Patag
National High School, to find out the profile of the respondents in terms of their level
of interest in reading and reading comprehension skills. Additionally, the researchers
attempted to determine the degree or extent to which the chosen Grade 7 students
demonstrate reading comprehension skills, responding to questions with the given
problems, and carefully following instructions, as well as with regard to vocabulary
abilities, grasping the main idea and predicted outcomes.
2. The researcher limits the focus of the reading text into the descriptive text
because the researcher found that the Grade 7 students’ have more difficulties in
understanding descriptive text than when reading texts in other genres. Therefore,
the researcher uses the descriptive text as a test to analyze the students’ difficulties
in reading.
5
Definition of Terms
The following were defined to guide and help the readers understand the
study.
Analytical Skills - refers to the ability to collect and analyze information and
solve problems based on that information.
Descriptive text - is one of the texts taught in junior high school besides procedure,
recount, narrative, and report text.
Interest – it refers to the state of wanting to know or learn about something or someone.
Literacy – is essentially the ability to cope with the reading tasks associated with
living, working and playing in today’s world in reference to linguistic literacy.
Reading - the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc.,
especially by sight or touch.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction
This chapter of the study presents the concepts of reading and literacy, the benefits
of reading and its possible effects on students' academic performance.
2.1 Reading
a. Definition of reading
Reading helps our minds grow in a favorable way and improves our outlook on
life. Reading increases our knowledge, sharpens our focus, and boosts our confidence in
any situation. The more you read, the wiser you become, and the more-wiser you are, the
more respected and loved you will have.
On the other hand, reading is essential to our lives. Students from Grade 7 of
Dakung Patag National High School should focus more on reading as it is a step for them
to achieve their dream. Therefore, it can be said that reading involves more than just
looking at words as pictorial symbols; it also involves understanding the meaning of each
word in order to comprehend a text's content and to derive information from it.
Mark Nisperos stated that “understanding the reading text is far more
important than knowing the mechanical skill of reading. Without comprehension, reading
would serve no purpose.” It means that understanding the text is very important to be
achieved by the students because reading is not simply about mechanical skill. It helps the
readers to understand the world, learn about the past and plan for the future.
In order for students to understand texts, the researchers believes that readers
especially the Grade 7 students must use information they already possess to filter,
interpret, organize and reflect upon the incoming information they get from the text. The
researchers thinks that efficient interpretation of text involves a combination of word
recognition skills, linking of new information to prior knowledge, and application of
appropriate strategies such as locating the main idea, making connections, questioning,
inferring and predicting. Therefore, understanding the text is not an easy thing, so that is
why there are many students find difficulties in understanding the text.
main idea provides the message of a given paragraph or the argument that is being
made about the topic. The main idea is usually a sentence, it is usually the first
sentence but it can be in the middle or in the last sentence. Therefore, this can make
the main idea more difficult to find. The students may get confused to see what the
main idea of a passage is, and where the main idea is located.
After identifying the information you need, it is helpful to determine which part
of the text it is in. Headings can help with this, as can reading for gist. The main reading
skill employed is scanning. This involves moving very quickly over the text, ignoring
unknown vocabulary and focusing solely on key words, phrases and ideas. Scanning
should enable you to find the specific information. Then read that part more carefully to
get a full understanding.
Learner’s Background
The learner's background means something that comes from the learners
themselves. It was connected to the learner's attitude towards reading, including their
interest in and desire for reading, as well as their past knowledge.
a. Interest
Interest is being one of the important factors in order to increase the students’
achievement in reading. It can motivate the students to be active in their job or their
activity.” Furthermore, having an interest in reading and enjoying a subject contributes
not only the intensity, quality and persistence in specific learning situations but can also
improves the engagement in learning situations in general and enhances motivation. As a
result, it will be simpler for readers to comprehend what they read if they are interested in
what they are reading. On the other hand, it will be challenging for the readers to
understand it if they have no interest in reading.
b. Motivation
Teacher is one of school environmental factors who has important role to increase
students learning achievement. Teacher is a subject in education who has duty to transfer
process ,especially for teaching reading, because the teacher also determines whether
their students is a good readers or not. Teacher also will become source of learning
difficulties if students are getting hard times in reading. They sometimes do not realize
that the techniques they use are not in accordance with the subject matter they convey.
Therefore, the teacher should be careful in choosing the technique to teach because it
2. Learner’s Environment
The environment factors also can influence the students in mastering and in
learning English. According to April Jane Avila, “Someone who lives in environmental
with the society that has high educational and has good attitude toward reading will
support their ability to master reading that has been learned at school can be applied
functionally outside school.”
Descriptive text is one of the texts taught in junior high school besides
procedure, recount, narrative, and report text. Based on English Curriculum for Junior
high School, descriptive text is defined as a text which describes something, someone, or
place in details. The purpose of this text is to tell the reader what the writer feels. This are
a. Identification
b. Description
2. Language feature
The noun is something that will be described in the text. For example: my
open rowboat.
g. Using thinking verbs and feeling verbs They are used to express the writer’s personal
h. Using figurative language Descriptive used figurative speech such as, simile,
metaphor.
In reading descriptive text, the students should be able to close their eyes and
imagine what the picture described in the text, and what the picture looks like through
reading the text. However, in fact, it is very difficult to imagine something which is not
real. Students must comprehend the entire book in order to grasp the message and
respond to the text's inquiry. Therefore, there are many students who have difficulties in
In this part, the researcher will review their previous studies related to this
research.
The research was conducted by Mark P. Nisperos, April Jane Avila, Chloe
Escultor, Jollian Beluan and Jervy Estoque with their title “The Causes of Lack of
determine the ability of Grade 7 students and types of difficulties faced by students in
The result of this study showed that there are several common problems or
difficulties faced by students such as: analyzing the text content, allocating their time
to study English outside the school because they prefer doing other activities and
in understanding the reading text are very important to be known by the students and
the teacher. Since every student probably has different difficulties in understanding
the reading text, the researcher got an inspiration to do a research based on this topic.
different from the other schools. This research will differ from all of those previous
researches from some aspects. First, in this research, the researcher emphasized on the
to help the teachers become aware of the problems and consequently try to solve the
problems in the earlier level of study and improve the students’ reading competence.
descriptive texts. This was based on the preliminary study result that there are many
Grade 7 students who still face difficulty in understanding the book they read.
16
CHAPTER 3
OF
RESEARCH PAPER
CHAPTER III
METHOD AND PROCEDURES
3.0 Introduction
The methodology is absolutely needed in any research in order to find the
accurate, and effective research. This chapter presents the description of the researcher
method used in the study. It includes description of research instrument, data
gathering procedure, statistical treatment applied, method of research and subjects of
the study.
An observation sheets was used to record the process of teaching and learning
reading in the classroom. The observation sheet used to determine changes in student
activities at each cycle. observation sheet used is as follows.
The interview was done by the researchers to get the detailed information
and to make a crosscheck of students impressions of learning activities during the
research. The researcher interviewed the collaborator and the 7 th grade students of
Dakung Patag National High School.
This study had used two kinds of tests: a pre-test and assessment. Students
are assigned to read the English text individually in the form of printed test paper. The
tests are given to the students in order to determine student’s reading ability.
Mark Nisperos states that observation can allow the researchers to get the
information which can be seen, heard, or felt directly. Observation was conducted to
obtain the data from research subjects including the qualitative data in the form of
expression, activity, attention, motivation, and confidence of the students. The
observations carried out to observe the behavior of students, student’s responses, and
assessment of student’s learning methods used when they are reading. When the
learning process takes place, the researcher considered the suitability of the learning
stages that has been agreed. The learning stages that carried should be directed to the
goal of improving reading skills.
b. Tests
A test is a learning outcome assessment tool used to assess and measure student
learning outcomes related to the mastery of teaching materials appropriate to the
learning objectives. The test is used to measure the level of student’s reading skills.
There were pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was conducted before the researcher did the
action. Meanwhile, post-test was held if last cycle was done.
c. Test instruments
d. Non-Test instruments
e. Documentation
The researcher also documented the process of using the multimedia. This is
aimed at giving factual evidence regarding the implementation of the multimedia to
improve the students reading ability.
Statistical Tools/Formula
Descriptive Statistics
Part I
There are three (3) female and eight (8) male respondents for a total of eleven
(11).
b. Out of eleven (11) respondents, 3 of them are illiterate on reading and 8 are just
average.
The researchers were able to find out the different factors that affect the
reading comprehension among Grade 7 students of Dakung Patag National High
School. One of the strategies conducted by the researchers was to use the descriptive
questionnaire for the possible answer using checklist method in order to answer
different questions.
One of the factors possible identified by the researchers that affects the
reading comprehension of the students was the lack of interest in reading. At the very
beginning of the student’s learning, the students should have an interest first in
reading for them to fully understand what they are reading and for them to improve
their reading comprehension skills.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.0 Introduction
This chapter comprises the analysis, presentation and interpretation of the
findings resulting from this study. The analysis and interpretation of data is carried out
in two phases. The first part, which is based on the results of the questionnaire, deals
with a quantitative analysis of data. The second, which is based on the results of the
interview and focus group discussions, is a qualitative interpretation. This study
attempted to discuss the following Research Questions:
The data for this study was gathered via the following research instruments:
1. 2 sets of questionnaires
2. 1 Pre-test
3. 1 Post-test
The data gathered were analyzed using the frequency count technique and
percentage. The presentations and the analysis of the data were organized into the
following sections.
Table 4.1