Chpter 4 Final Rag
Chpter 4 Final Rag
Chpter 4 Final Rag
1. Briefly discuss why the negative sign is usually ignored when computing for price
elasticity of demand.
Minus signs are ignored to avoid unnecessary confusion. Only changes in price and changes in
quantity are taken into account when calculating elasticity of demand. The negative sign
doesn't matter as it doesn't affect the elasticity of demand.
2. Briefly explain the effect of price elasticity of demand to the total revenue. Cite an
example.
The price elasticity of demand is correlated to total revenue. Since total revenue is the result of
price and quantity, elasticity measures the change in quantity demanded as a result of a change
in the price of the good thus changing the value of the total revenue.
For example, if demand is elastic at a given price level, a percentage decrease in price will result
in an even larger percentage increase in quantity demanded, resulting in a higher total revenue.
If, on the other hand, demand is inelastic at the original quantity level, a price increase will
result in a smaller percentage decrease in the quantity demanded — and total revenue would
also increase.
3. Compute the total revenue and price elasticity of demand and fill in the missing figures
in the table presented below. Use the formula for point elasticity.
Q -Q
2 1
Q 1
2 1
Q Q 1
Q
1
E = P -P
d 2 1
1
E = P -P E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1
P 1
d 2 1
P P1
P
1
2Q -Q 1
Q
2 1
E = P -P
1
E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P E = P -P
d 2 1
1
E = P -P
d 2 1
P
d 2 1
P 1
P 1
P 1
1
d 2 1
= 500-450
P1
= 350-300 400-350 450-400
300 350 400 450
= 500-550
30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20
550
35 30 25 20
10-15
= 50 = 50 = 50 = 50
15
300 350 400 450
= 50
-5 -5 -5 -5
550
35 30 25 20
-5
= 0.17 = 0.14 = 0.13 = 0.11
15
-0.14 -0.17 -0.2 -0.25
= 0.1
Ed= |-1.21| or 1.21 Ed= |-0.82| or 0.82 Ed= |-0.65| or 0.65 Ed= |-0.44| or 0.44
-0.33
ELASTIC INELASTIC INELASTIC INELASTIC
Ed= |-0.30| or 0.30
INELASTIC
4. The income of Mr. De la Cruz increased from P300 to P450 a day. His
demand for grocery items increased from 200 to 500. Compute for his
income elasticity of demand.
Solution:
EY=500-200 X 450+300
450-300 500+200
EY=2X1.07
EY=2.14
5. The price of product A increased from P20 to P40. The demand for Product
B went up from 100 to 200. Calculate the cross elasticity of demand.
Solution:
Let: QDX1=100 PX1=20
QDX2=200 PX2=40
EY=200-100 X 40+20
40-20 200+100
EY= 100 X 60
20 300
EY= 5 X 0.2
EY=1
Razel Ann Galit Basic Microeconomics
BSBA FM1 (Group 2) Ma’am Susan Reyes
1. Shown in the table is the income of an individual with corresponding unit of goods it can
purchase. Fill in the blanks and solve for the income elasticity. Also indicate the classification of
goods.
Income Qd of Good X % M % Qdx Income Classification
(M) (units/yr) Elasticity of Goods
5,000 100 1.4 1.8 0.29 Normal; Necessity
12,000 280 0.67 0.8 1.19 Normal; Necessity
20,000 504 0.45 0.4 0.89 Normal; Luxury
29,000 705 0.38 0.2 0.53 Normal; Luxury
40,000 846 0.33 -0.11 -0.33 Inferior
53,000 750 0.23 -0.10 -0.43 Inferior
65,000 677 -0.92 -0.85 1.08 Inferior
POINT A and B POINT B and C POINT C and D POINT D and E POINT E and F
FORMULA: FORMULA: FORMULA: FORMULA: FORMULA:
2Q -Q 1
2Q -Q 1 2Q -Q 1
2Q -Q 1 2Q -Q 1
Q 1
Q 1 Q 1
Q 1 Q 1
E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1 E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1 E = P -P
d 2 1
P1
P1 P1
P1 P1
= 20 = 10 = 10 = 30 = 20
10 30 40 50 80
Ed= |-11.76| or Ed= |-3.3| or Ed= |-2.27| or Ed= |-2.4| or Ed= |-1.47| or
11.76 3.3 2.27 2.4 1.47
ELASTIC ELASTIC ELASTIC ELASTIC ELASTIC
POINT F and G POINT G and H POINT H and I POINT I and J POINT A and J
FORMULA: FORMULA: FORMULA: FORMULA: FORMULA:
Q -Q
2 1
Q -Q 2 1 Q -Q 2Q -Q 1
2Q -Q 1
2 1
Q 1
Q 1 Q Q 1
Q 1
1
E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1 E = P -P E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1
d 2 1
P 1
P 1 P P1
P1
1
= 10 = 10 = 10 = 20 = -140
100 110 120 130 150
COMPUTATIONS:
FORMULA: -Q X
Q X
E = -P
XY Y
P Y
= 600 – 700
700 .
3,500 – 3,000
3,000
= -100
700 .
500
3,000
= -0.14
0.17
= -0.82
2ND SET OF GOODS
COMMODITY BEFORE AFTER
PRICE/UNIT QUANTITY PRICE/UNIT QUANTITY
USB (Y) 1,500 900 2,000 800
CD (X) 200 300 200 400
COMPUTATIONS:
FORMULA: -Q X
QX
E = -P
XY Y
P
Y
= 400 – 300
300 .
2,000 – 1,500
1,500
= 100
300 .
500
1,500
= 0.33
0.33
=1
4. Compute for the arc elasticity of the following points (from point A to H) on a demand
curve.
POINT A – B POINT E – F
POINT B – C POINT F – G
POINT C – D POINT G – H
POINT D – E POINT A – H
POINTS P Qd
A 2 70
B 5 63
C 8 60
D 13 58
E 15 54
F 19 51
G 20 45
H 23 42
COMPUTATIONS:
FORMULA:
5. The price of bicycle increased from P3,500.00 to P4,000.00. the demand for
motorcycle went up from 12,000 units to 12,500 units. Compute for the cross
elasticity of demand. Determine whether substitute or complement product.
Razel Ann Galit Basic Microeconomics
BSBA FM1 (Group 2) Ma’am Susan Reyes
ASSIGNMENT
POINTS P Qd
A 2 70
B 5 63
C 8 60
D 13 58
E 15 54
F 19 51
G 20 45
H 23 42
E = P -P
d 2 1 E = P -P
d 2 1 E = P -P
d 2 1 E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1 E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1
E = P -P
d 2 1
P1 P1
P1
P1
4 1 3 21
15 19 20 2
= -0.06 = -0.12 = -0.07 = -0.4
0.27 0.05 0.15 10.5
Ed= |-0.22| or 0.22 Ed= |-2.4| or 2.4 Ed= |-0.47| or 0.47 Ed= |-0.04| or 0.04
INELASTIC ELASTIC INELASTIC INELASTIC
Razel Ann Galit Basic Microeconomics
BSBA FM1 (Group 2) Ma’am Susan Reyes
Arc Elasticity is the elasticity of one variable with respect to another between two given
points. It is used when there is no general way to define the relationship between the
two variables. Arc elasticity is also defined as the elasticity between two points on a
curve.
Complementary Good goods that go together or cannot be used without the other
Gross-Price Elasticity of Demand refers to how sensitive the demand for a product is to
changes in the price of another product.
Inferior Good is an economic term that describes a good whose demand drops when
people's incomes rise. These goods fall out of favor as incomes and the economy
improve as consumers begin buying more costly substitutes instead.
Luxury Good (or upmarket good) is a good for which demand increases more than what
is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a greater
proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where
demand increases proportionally less than income. Luxury goods is often used
synonymously with superior goods.
Necessity Good Goods that are needed for basic human existence, e.g. food, water,
housing, electricity.
Normal Good a good for which demand at ever price increases when income rises or
vice versa
Point Elasticity the property where a change in the price of a good or service will impact
the product's demand.
Price Elasticity of Demand the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded of
a product to the percentage change in price.
Price Elasticity of Supply measures the responsiveness to the supply of a good or service
after a change in its market price.
Substitute Good goods that can be used in place for other goods. If the price of one of
the products rises or falls, then demand for the substitute goods or substitute good (if
there is just one other) is likely to increase or decline.
Razel Ann Galit Basic Microeconomics
BSBA FM1 (Group 2) Ma’am Susan Reyes