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    Notes For Use in Qualitative Analysis-1

    Uploaded by

    Nehara Fernando
    This document provides information on chemical tests to identify various anions, cations, gases, and metal ions. It lists the specific test used for each, such as adding silver nitrate to test for chloride or bromide ions, which will produce a white or cream precipitate respectively. It also details the observed results of each test, like ammonia being produced when testing for nitrate ions or different colored flames being produced from lithium, sodium, and other metal ions during a flame test.

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    Notes For Use in Qualitative Analysis-1

    Uploaded by

    Nehara Fernando
    64 views2 pages
    This document provides information on chemical tests to identify various anions, cations, gases, and metal ions. It lists the specific test used for each, such as adding silver nitrate to test for chloride or bromide ions, which will produce a white or cream precipitate respectively. It also details the observed results of each test, like ammonia being produced when testing for nitrate ions or different colored flames being produced from lithium, sodium, and other metal ions during a flame test.

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    Notes for use in qualitative analysis-1

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    This document provides information on chemical tests to identify various anions, cations, gases, and metal ions. It lists the specific test used for each, such as adding silver nitrate to test for chloride or bromide ions, which will produce a white or cream precipitate respectively. It also details the observed results of each test, like ammonia being produced when testing for nitrate ions or different colored flames being produced from lithium, sodium, and other metal ions during a flame test.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views2 pages

    Notes For Use in Qualitative Analysis-1

    Uploaded by

    Nehara Fernando
    This document provides information on chemical tests to identify various anions, cations, gases, and metal ions. It lists the specific test used for each, such as adding silver nitrate to test for chloride or bromide ions, which will produce a white or cream precipitate respectively. It also details the observed results of each test, like ammonia being produced when testing for nitrate ions or different colored flames being produced from lithium, sodium, and other metal ions during a flame test.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    10

    Notes for use in qualitative analysis

    Tests for anions

    anion test test result


    2−
    carbonate, CO3 add dilute acid, then test for carbon effervescence, carbon dioxide
    dioxide gas produced
    chloride, Cl − acidify with dilute nitric acid, then white ppt.
    [in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
    bromide, Br− acidify with dilute nitric acid, then cream ppt.
    [in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
    iodide, I− acidify with dilute nitric acid, then yellow ppt.
    [in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
    nitrate, NO3− add aqueous sodium hydroxide, ammonia produced
    [in solution] then aluminium foil; warm carefully
    sulfate, SO42− acidify with dilute nitric acid, then white ppt.
    [in solution] add aqueous barium nitrate
    sulfite, SO32− add a small volume of acidified the acidified aqueous potassium
    aqueous potassium manganate(VII) manganate(VII) changes from
    purple to colourless

    Tests for aqueous cations

    cation effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide effect of aqueous ammonia


    3+
    aluminium, Al  white ppt., soluble in excess, giving white ppt., insoluble in excess
    a colourless solution
    ammonium, NH4+ ammonia produced on warming –
    2+
    calcium, Ca white ppt., insoluble in excess no ppt. or very slight white ppt.
    3+
    chromium(III), Cr green ppt., soluble in excess grey-green ppt., insoluble in excess
    copper(II), Cu2+ light blue ppt., insoluble in excess light blue ppt., soluble in excess,
    giving a dark blue solution
    iron(II), Fe2+ green ppt., insoluble in excess, green ppt., insoluble in excess,
    ppt. turns brown near surface on ppt. turns brown near surface on
    standing standing
    iron(III), Fe3+ red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
    2+
    zinc, Zn white ppt., soluble in excess, giving white ppt., soluble in excess, giving
    a colourless solution a colourless solution

    © UCLES 2020 0620/06/SP/23


    11

    Tests for gases

    gas test and test result


    ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue
    carbon dioxide, CO2 turns limewater milky
    chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper
    hydrogen, H2 ‘pops’ with a lighted splint
    oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint
    sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless

    Flame tests for metal ions

    metal ion flame colour


    lithium, Li+ red
    sodium, Na+ yellow
    potassium, K+ lilac
    calcium, Ca2+ orange-red
    2+
    barium, Ba light green
    2+
    copper(II), Cu blue-green

    © UCLES 2020 0620/06/SP/23

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