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    Qualitative Analysis Tests

    Uploaded by

    Jabir Arham

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Qualitative Analysis Tests

    Uploaded by

    Jabir Arham
    13 views2 pages

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    Copyright:

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    13 views2 pages

    Qualitative Analysis Tests

    Uploaded by

    Jabir Arham

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    10

    Qualitative analysis notes

    1 Reactions of cations

    cation reaction with


    NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)
    3+
    aluminium, Al (aq) white ppt. soluble in excess white ppt. insoluble in excess
    +
    ammonium, NH4 (aq) no ppt. –
    ammonia produced on warming
    barium, Ba2+(aq) faint white ppt. is observed unless no ppt.
    [Ba2+(aq)] is very low
    calcium, Ca2+(aq) white ppt. unless [Ca2+(aq)] is very no ppt.
    low
    chromium(III), Cr3+(aq) grey-green ppt. soluble in excess grey-green ppt. insoluble in excess
    giving dark green solution
    copper(II), Cu2+(aq) pale blue ppt. insoluble in excess pale blue ppt. soluble in excess
    giving dark blue solution
    iron(II), Fe2+(aq) green ppt. turning brown on green ppt. turning brown on
    contact with air contact with air
    insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
    iron(III), Fe3+(aq) red-brown ppt. insoluble in excess red-brown ppt. insoluble in excess
    magnesium, Mg2+(aq) white ppt. insoluble in excess white ppt. insoluble in excess
    manganese(II), Mn2+(aq) off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown
    on contact with air on contact with air
    insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
    zinc, Zn2+(aq) white ppt. soluble in excess white ppt. soluble in excess

    2 Reactions of anions

    anion reaction
    carbonate, CO32− CO2 liberated by dilute acids
    chloride, Cl –(aq) gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3(aq))
    bromide, Br –(aq) gives cream / off-white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq))
    iodide, I –(aq) gives pale yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3(aq))
    nitrate, NO3−(aq) NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil
    nitrite, NO2−(aq) NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil;
    decolourises acidified aqueous KMnO4
    sulfate, SO42−(aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acids);
    gives white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)]
    sulfite, SO32−(aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acids);
    decolourises acidified aqueous KMnO4
    thiosulfate, S2O32–(aq) gives off-white / pale yellow ppt. slowly with H+

    © UCLES 2019 9701/03/SP/22


    11

    3 Tests for gases

    gas test and test result


    ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue
    carbon dioxide, CO2 gives a white ppt. with limewater
    hydrogen, H2 ‘pops’ with a lighted splint
    oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint

    4 Tests for elements

    element test and test result


    iodine, I2 gives blue-black colour on addition of starch solution

    Important values, constants and standards

    molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1


    Faraday constant F = 9.65 × 104 C mol–1
    Avogadro constant L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1
    electronic charge e = –1.60 × 10–19 C
    molar volume of gas Vm = 22.4 dm3 mol–1 at s.t.p. (101 kPa and 273 K)
    Vm = 24.0 dm3 mol–1 at room conditions
    ionic product of water Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6 (at 298 K (25 °C))
    specific heat capacity of water c = 4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 (4.18 J g–1 K–1)

    © UCLES 2019 9701/03/SP/22 [Turn over

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