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    Capno 1

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    Biswajit

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    Capno 1

    Uploaded by

    Biswajit
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    Copyright:

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    Capno 1

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    Biswajit

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    [4 End Tidal Capnographs. (EtCO2) Definition: Capnography is the measurement of CO? in respiratory gases.Itis the graphic display of instantaneous CO2 concentration verses time ‘(ame capnogram) o- expred volume (volume ‘apnogram) during respiratory cycle. Importance of Capnography: + Position of the endotracheal tube. + Provides information about Co2 production + Pulmonary pertusion| + Alveolar ventilation + Respiratory pattern + Elimination of the Co2 from anesthesia circuit & ventilator. Physics: + Infrares spectrography + Raman spsctrography + Mass spectrography + photo zeoustic spectrography + Chemical calorimetric spectroaraphy. ‘The infrared method 's most commonly & widely used. Principle + Princiole gas absorb infra-red radiations producing bands in the IR electromagnetic ‘spectrum. + CO2 shows strong absorption at 4.3 mill micton 16 IR. (IR rays also absorb by other polyatomic gases such as N20 & water vapour) + Itis expressed as partial pressure in mm of Hs, Dra: im’s Notes in Anesthesiology 2013 [End Tidal Capnograph. (E%C02) Continuation: Ccinical Application: [Elovated Base Li 3 _ Tome ‘ Seen in: + Rebreathing + Incomplete expiratory valve + Eynausted absoroant + Insufficient fresh gas flow. + Deliberate addition of FGF, 35 oR tO Duck ae YY ha feat: + Too low rates of sampling witha side stream. Dr Acam's Notes in Anesthesiology 2013 ‘ontinuations XL, Cardiogenic Oscillations: ling Cave pulley thy ‘apyte Dr Azam’s Notes in Anesthesiology 2013 ‘Types of capnographs: + Main stream capnographs + Side stream capnographs [Main stream capnographs: + Acuvette containing the CO2 sensor inserted between the breathing circuit & ET= tubo, the IR rays traverse an IR detector with inthe cuvette obtaining the need for ‘gas sampling and scavenging. + CO? analysis performed with in the airway. ‘Side stream capnographs: + CO2 sensor located inthe main unit (away from the aiiway) and a tny pump aspirates gas samples from the patients arway through a 6 foot long capillary {ube into the main uni. + The sampling tube is connected to a T-Piece inserted at the endotracheal tube or ‘anesthetic mask. + The flow rate is 60-200 mimi. Capnogram: [reportance/Applications: Continued } Malpositon of the ET-Tube | Ventilatory failure } Circulatory faire | Detective anesthetic circuit Dr Azam’s Notes in Anesthesiology 2013 I, Absence of Platea ” ‘Seen in « Contamination of te expleed sample gas by FGF by placing the sampling unit near the frash gas inet. + Too high rate of sampling Seen + Onsiruction to the ET-tube + Away obstruction = E.g. COPD, bronchospasm + Acute Asthma Dr Azam’s Notes in Anesthesiology 2013 Release ot Toumiaued — |Unclamping of a mejor wscle. [Exponential decrease in [EtCO2: Sudden hypotension [Creuletory arest & PE “Wit. = — > = Fratarentons,

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