Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: G

Linguistics & Education

Volume 18 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year 2018
Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals
Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X

An Approach to Develop a System Dynamics Model for Education

Effectiveness Evaluation
By Vidha Kulkarni
Institute of Technology and Management Universe Vadodara
Abstract- This study investigates method of system dynamics and applied the Vensim software to develop
an education effectiveness evaluation model. This study propose four cause-and-effect chains affecting
education effectiveness, including Professors’ teaching method, home environment, study habits and
Institute’s execution of scientific activities, as well as the system dynamics model based on the four
cause-and-effect chains. Based on the developed system dynamic model, this study performed
simulation to explore the association among Professors’ teaching method, home environment ,study
habits and Institute’s execution of scientific activities,. The results of this study verified that there are
positive correlations between home environment and students’ education effectiveness.
Keywords: system dynamics model; cause-effect; relationship; academic performance; correlation; study
habits.
GJHSS-G Classification: FOR Code: 139999

AnApproachtoDevelopaSystemDynamicsModelforEducation Effectiveness Evaluation

Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:

© 2018. Vidha Kulkarni. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 An Approach to Develop a System Dynamics
Model for Education Effectiveness Evaluation
Vidha Kulkarni

Abstract- This study investigates method of system dynamics Each of the above subsystems is jointly connected with
and applied the Vensim software to develop an education one another to develop cause-and-effect associations
effectiveness evaluation model. This study propose four .Most of the past studies on the issues regarding the
cause-and-effect chains affecting education effectiveness, learning of science and technology of technological
including Professors’ teaching method, home environment,
institute are static studies, which cannot assess the post
study habits and Institute’s execution of scientific activities, as

2018
well as the system dynamics model based on the four cause- execution policies. This study used Vensim software to
develop the framework of a systemic model from the

Year
and-effect chains. Based on the developed system dynamic
model, this study performed simulation to explore the perception of system dynamics and performed dynamic
association among Professors’ teaching method, home simulation for investigation and explanation. This study
environment ,study habits and Institute’s execution of scientific investigated the education effectiveness of science and 9
activities,. The results of this study verified that there are technology based on system dynamic model. This study

Global Journal of Human Social Science ( G ) Volume XVIII Issue IV Version I

positive correlations between home environment and students’ eminent the earlier static studies to a dynamic level. The
education effectiveness.
Keywords: system dynamics model; cause-effect; suggestions anticipated based on the simulation results
relationship; academic performance; correlation; study can provide as suggestion for educators and
policymakers in the educational community. It is hoped
habits.
that this study can help in getting better the education
I. Introduction motivation and education effectiveness of science and

S
tudent’s educational performance and graduation technology of students and apply the model-based
rates have been the area of attention for higher concepts to different learning fields to further extend
education institutions. Exploration of factors such concepts to other related studies.
related to the educational performance of Technological
Institute students become a topic of growing interest in II. Research Method
higher educational circle. Many current studies were
carried out to discover factors that affecting This work implement the investigate methods of
Technological student’s educational performance and system dynamics and the specific package software
education effectiveness. Hanson (2000) reported that vensim software for system dynamics to develop the
Student performance is affected by different factors model and executed system dynamics equations to
such as learning abilities, gender and race. Simmons, et make analysis and discussions.
al. (2005) concluded that family income level, attending System dynamics is a methodology based on
full time, receiving grant aid and completing advanced feedback systems borrowed from control theory, and it

-
level classes in high school having statistically major can handle easily the non-linearity and time-delay and
effects on college persistence among Technical college the multi-loop structures of the complex and dynamic
students. When entering the graduate level in systems. Forrester’s methodology provides a foundation
Technological Institute, students are facing the new for constructing computer models to do what the human
challenge in the education of “technical and practical”
mind cannot do—rationally analyse the structure,
subject. Because the knowledge inspiration and
interactions and modes of behaviour of complex social
knowledge method of “technical and practical” are
systems, thus providing a framework whereby strategies
significantly different from those of other fields and also
can be tested and trade-offs can be performed, while
different from school level, it is essential to examine the
options are still open. Much software such as STELLA,
education effectiveness of the of “technical and
VENSIM, and POWERSIM are these days accessible
practical” subject. Many variables may affect students’
which have revolutionized the system dynamics
education effectiveness of science and technology. The
modelling. Moreover, this software’s are icon operated
research design of this study incorporated four parts
and permit us to represent virtually any procedure or
that affect education effectiveness, which are
system. System dynamics excels in the handing out of
Professors’ teaching method, Institute’s execution of
high-level, nonlinear, and time-varying issues, and it can
scientific activities, home environment and study habits.
still be used for exploration under the circumstance of
Author: Department of Engineering Mathematics Institute of Technology
lack of data.
and Management Universe Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
e-mail: kulkarnividha@yahoo.com

© 20 18 Global Journals
 An Approach to Develop a System Dynamics Model for Education Effectiveness Evaluation

III. Cause and Chain Effects Gap of Parent's

expectation -
- To wards
The system developed four cause-and-effect
Student education
chains affecting education effectiveness, including, Effectiveness Resource involvment of
Professors’ teaching method, home environment, study family education
+
habits and Institute’s execution of scientific activities. +

During the teaching process, the better the teacher- Educational

acievement Family involvment
student interaction is, the better the behavioural degree
performance of students is. As long as teachers give +
-
proper expectation to students according to their Student evaluation Educational
obstacles
abilities, their high learning motivation can be triggered, grades
-
their learning effectiveness will become better, and
teachers-students relationship will be improved to Figure 2: Cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant
inspire teachers’ teaching enthusiasm. Based on the factors affecting home environment and student’s
2018

above, the cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant education effectiveness

factors affecting teachers’ teaching enthusiasm and
Year

Study habits of students may be relevant to the

students’ learning effectiveness is drawn, as shown in prediction of grades because it is possible that
Figure. student’s education effectiveness may be related to their
10
- study habits. That is, students with poor study habits
Global Journal of Human Social Science ( G ) Volume XVIII Issue IV Version I

Student Professo
may have difficulty in learning than those students with
effectivenes
education negative
r better study habits. The importance of the relationship
s emotion
+ between education effectiveness, instructor ratings and
+ study habits has not been determined [Middleton
Student
Instructional (1979)]. Study skills and learning approaches include,
grade
stress for example, time management, using information
+
- resources, taking class notes, communicating with
Student teachers, preparing for and taking examination, and
Professor
motivatio
education Enthusisam
several other learning strategies. The research shows a
n
significant correlation between such learning behaviour
+ + and approaches and education effectiveness. This
Instructional study develops the cause-and-effect chain diagram of
skills
relevant factors affecting Study habits and education
Figure 1: Cause-and-effect chain diagram of Professors’ effectiveness, as shown in Figure 3
teaching method and students’ education effectiveness
Learning Behaviour
Reviewed literature indicated that there is an -
awareness of the importance of the home environment
or family on pupil’s/students academic performance. +
Use of information resources
The home has a great influence on the students’ Lack of concentation
-

for education effectiveness

psychological, emotional, social and economic state. In -
the view of Ajila and Olutola (2007), the state of the
+
home affects the individual since the parents are the first
Sterss of examination Preparing for
socializing agents in an individual’s life. This is because and grade examination
the family background and context of a student affect +
his/her reaction to life situations and his/her level of
performance. If parents are willing to spend more time
Time management +
accompanying children to learn, the learning obstacles for studies
of science and technology encountered by student will
be reduced. Once learning obstacles are reduced, Figure 3: Cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant
students’ learning motivation will be enhanced to further factors affecting Study habits and education
affect their academic performance, learning effectiveness
achievement, and education effectiveness. This study The scientific activities implemented by
develops the cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant Institutions’ are mainly instructed by science and
factors affecting home environment and student’s technology subject teachers. The success of such
education effectiveness, as shown in Figure 2. activities and the performance of students are subject to
the intention and involvement of instructors. The higher
the Professor’s intention to hold activities is, the better
the students’ performance we receive.
© 2018 Global Journals
 An Approach to Develop a System Dynamics Model for Education Effectiveness Evaluation

In this way, students’ learning motivation can be IV. System Dynamics and Models
triggered and enhanced, and their education
effectiveness can also be improved. Another very This study developed the system dynamics
important factor in establishing high Education effective- model based on the cause-and-effect chain diagrams,
eness at a college is the degree to which students which are discussed as follows. In the learning field of
establish close and supportive personal and science and technology, professor need sufficient
professional relationships with faculty and other teaching enthusiasm to encourage themselves to
significant people on campus which can be easily change teaching method and strategies and further
developed during implementation of scientific activities. trigger students’ education motivation and improve their
This study develops the cause-and-effect chain learning intention. This study develops the system
diagram of relevant factors affecting Institutions’ dynamics model of the relationship between Professor
implementation of scientific activities and learning teaching method and educational effectiveness, as
effectiveness, as shown in Figure 4. shown in Figure 6.

2018
Time delay 3
Professor achievement
+ in instruction

Year
+ Student education
Student education Professor intention effectiveness
effectiveness to hold activities
Student evaluation
grade
11
+ Professor negative
+

Global Journal of Human Social Science ( G ) Volume XVIII Issue IV Version I

emotions
Institute execution of
Student evaluation Scientific activities
grades Student learning
motivation
+ +
Professor
Student instructional stress
Student education participation
motivation Instructional skills
+ Professor Teaching
enthusiasm
Student attitude +
towards science Figure 6: System dynamics model of Professor teaching
enthusiasm and students’ education effectiveness
Figure 4: Cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant Parents’ educational attitude toward the
factors affecting Institutions’ execution of scientific learning of various subjects will affect students’
activities and learning effectiveness education condition. During family involvement in
Based on the four cause-and-effect chain student’s education, other factors will intervene with the
diagrams above, this study develops the cause-and- education of science and technology. This study
effect chain diagram of relevant factors affecting the develops the system dynamics model of the relationship
education effectiveness of science and technology, as between family involvement and education
shown in Figure 5 effectiveness, as shown in Figure 7.
Time delay 3

-
+ Professor achivement +
in instruction
- - Student education
effectivenss
Gap of parent's Professor intention to Educational
Student education Stress of exam
hold activities achivement
effectiveness and grade expectation toward
- student +
- - Gap of parent
Resource involvment of expectations towards
family education ward
Institute execution of Student evaluation
Use of information Lack of grade Time delay 1
+ resourcse for studies concentration scientific activities
Family involvment
degree
+ Family involvment +
Student grade degree Student
evaluation participation Eucation obstacle
Educatonal
- obstacles Figure 7: System dynamics model of Home environment
- + and students’ education effectiveness.
Student attitude
+ Student education towards science According to Fagbemi (2001), the degree of
motivation
education depends on the amount of time the student is
actively engaged in learning. The time spent on studying
Figure 5 helps students to retain the materials learnt, which will
© 20 18 Global Journals
 An Approach to Develop a System Dynamics Model for Education Effectiveness Evaluation

eventually boost the students‟ performance outcome scientific activities and education effectiveness, as
during tests or examinations. This study develops the shown in Figure 9.
system dynamics model of the relationship between
Study habits and education effectiveness, as shown in Student attitude Student education
towards science motivation
Time dealay 3

<Time>
Student education
effectiveness
Student education Effects of other
Time delay 3
effectiveness activities
Student
Professor participating degree
co-operation
Student exam
Time delay 2
grade
2018

Preparing for exam Professor achievment in

Institute execution of instruction
science activities
Y

Sterss for examination

Time management
and grade
12 for studies Professor intention to
hold activities
Global Journal of Human Social Science ( G ) Volume XVIII Issue IV Version I

Figure 8: System dynamics model of Study habits and

students’ education effectiveness. Figure 9: System dynamics model of Institute execution
Institute execution or participation in scientific of scientific activities and students’ education
activities has a significant effect on students’ education effectiveness
motivation and education effectiveness. Therefore,
Professor intention to hold or cooperate with activities Based on the four system dynamics models
affects students’ scientific attitude and education above, this study integrated the four sub-models to
effectiveness. This study develops the system dynamic develop the system dynamics model of science and
model of the relationship between Institute execution of technology, as shown in Figure 10.

Institute execution of Professor negative

scientific activities emotion
Instruction skills Time delay3
Professor
Time delay 2
instructional stress Student education
effectiveness
Professor acheivement
in instruction
Gap of parent's
Educational expectation towards
achievment ward
-

Student education
Professor interset
enthusasim Student grade Resource involvment of
evaluation family education
<Time>
Student Student educaton
Participation degree motivation Family involvment
Professor degree
co-operation
Educational
Student attitude towards obstacles Time delay 1
science and technology
Figure 10: System dynamics model of education science and technology.
V. Results system mainly investigated the relationship between
home environment and education effectiveness.
Based on the developed system dynamic According to the simulation results, in the short term,
model, this study performed simulation to investigate there is a steady increase, as well as ups and downs, in,
the relationship among Professors’ teaching home environment and so is education effectiveness. In
enthusiasm, home environment ,study habits and the long term, there is a highly positive correlation
Institute’s execution of scientific activities and student between them. In other words, the Positive the home
education effectiveness. (1) Home environment and environment is, the higher the students’ education
students’ education effectiveness: the simulation of this effectiveness is, as shown in Figure 11
© 2018 Global Journals
 An Approach to Develop a System Dynamics Model for Education Effectiveness Evaluation

Figure 13: Graph and students’ education effectiveness

Figure 11: Graph of Home environment (1) and with of bad study habits (3), average study habits (2)

2018
students’ education effectiveness (3). and good study habits (1).

Year
(2)Students’ education effectiveness and VI. Conclusions
Professors’ teaching enthusiasm: the simulation of this
system mainly investigates the relationship between This study verified that there is a highly positive
13
students’ education effectiveness and Professors’ correlation between Home environment students’
teaching enthusiasm. The results showed that there is a education effectiveness. In other words, family plays an

Global Journal of Human Social Science ( G ) Volume XVIII Issue IV Version I

positive correlation between students’ education important role in students’ education, and the role of
effectiveness and Professor’ teaching enthusiasm. The parents is particularly important. The learning of science
higher the teaching enthusiasm is, the higher the and technology in Institute is different from the School
students’ learning effectiveness is, as shown in level. Instead, it is the integration of learning approaches
Figure 12. of various fields. Higher family involvement, lower
obstacles encountered in the field of science and
technology, and parents willing to help ward can further
improve their education effectiveness.
This study also verified that there is a positive
correlation between students’ education effectiveness
and Professor teaching enthusiasm. Professor can
handle their teaching content and teaching method to
obtain a sense of achievement from the gradual
progress in education effectiveness of students. Their
sense of achievement is usually higher than students’
education effectiveness. Under such an atmosphere,
students’ education effectiveness will be better as well.
Study habits and education approaches
include, for example, time management, using

-
Figure 12: Graph of Professors’ teaching enthusiasm
information resources, taking class notes,
(1)and students’ education effectiveness(2).
communicating with teachers, preparing for and taking
(3)Effect of Study habits on students’ education examination, and several other learning strategies help
interest: the simulation of this system mainly investigates education effectiveness. Good study habits elevate
the relationship between Study habits and students’ exam grade as well as students’ education
learning interest.Good study habits like taking proper effectiveness. Compare to students with poor study
lecture notes, revision, concentration can arouse habits.
student education effectiveness in science and
technology subjects. The use of different study habits References Références Referencias
can immediately arouse students’ interest, as shown in 1. S. S. Liaw, “Investigating students' perceived
Figure 13. satisfaction, behavioral intention, and effectiveness
of e-learning: a case study of the blackboard
system,” Computers and Education, vol. 51, no. 2,
pp. 864–873, 2008.
2. J. Gosen and J. Washbush, “A review of scholarship
on assessing experiential learning effectiveness,”
Simulation and Gaming, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 270–293,
2004.
© 20 18 Global Journals
 An Approach to Develop a System Dynamics Model for Education Effectiveness Evaluation

3. G. L. Karns, “Learning style differences in the

perceived effectiveness of learning activities,”
Journal of Marketing Education, vol. 28, no. 1, pp.
56–63, 2006.
4. Lau and E. Tsui, “Knowledge management
perspective on e-learning effectiveness,” Knowl-
edge-Based Systems, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 324–325,
2009.
5. J. W. Forrester, Principles of Systems, MIT Press,
Cambridge, Mass, USA, 1968.
6. Tian-Syung Lan, Yu-Hua Lan, Kai-Ling Chen, Pin-
Chang Chen, and Wen-Cheng Lin,” A Study of
Developing a System Dynamics Model for the
Learning Effectiveness Evaluation”.
2018
Year

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